Tari
Kwanan nan, 'yan jaridu na kasashen waje suna kwatanta ministan harkokin waje na yanzu na Sergey Lavrov tare da Andrei Gromo. Don wannan Sergey Vikettortovich ya gode kuma ya amsa da cewa wannan kwatanta ne mai ban sha'awa, saboda abokin aikinsa ya kasance "babbar diflomasiyarsa ta zamanin Seviet." Labarin dukkan ayyukansa a wannan filin shine:"Mafificin shekaru 10 na sasantawa fiye da rana guda na yaƙi."Da abokan aikin kasashen waje da ake kira Andrei Gromyko "Mr." A'a "don rashin lalacewa da rashin yarda su dauki matsayinsu a cikin tattaunawar. Ministan ya guba cewa "san" daga abokan aikin kasashen waje dole ne ya ji sau da yawa fiye da shi "a'a."
Yaro da matasa
An haifi Grrei Andreevich Andrei da aka haife shi a tsoffin tsoffin sanduna a watan Yuli na 1909. A wancan lokacin, ƙauyen mallakar lardin Mogilev na daular Rasha. Abin sha'awa, yawancin mazauna karkara an yi amfani da su iri ɗaya, amma a lokaci guda kowane dangi suna da sunan haihuwa.
Gidan Andrei Andreevich da ake kira Burmaakov. Sun faru daga matalauta, sai dai hasken ne duk da cewa da kansa ya nace a cikin asalinsa Rasha. Kuma a cikin aikin hukuma, an nuna asali a koyaushe, duk da cewa mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a masana'antar.
Wasu masana tarihi, suna nufin karatun masu zaman kansu ne, jayayya cewa mahaifin Andrei Gromo a cikin kalaman STLELEPIN sake fasalin samu zuwa Kanada. Bayan rauni, hannun ya dawo gida, amma ya yi nasarar koyon Ingilishi, wanda ya zama mai haƙuri.
Tsananin shekaru 13, Sonan ya fara aiki. Mahaifin ya ɗauke shi tare da kansa a kan reshen daji. Sau da yawa ya gaya wa Andrei game da zamansa a waje da teku da yakin duniya na farko, wanda mahalarta ya kasance. Baya ga Andrei, wasu 'yan uwan uku da suka girma a cikin iyali. Biyu daga cikinsu ya mutu a gaban babban yakin mai kishin ƙasa, na uku ya mutu daga raunukan da aka samu a gida.
A shekara ta 1955, lokacin da Gromyko a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje na Harkokin Waje ta Condlor, ya nuna mawuyacin hali da rashin nasara. Daga baya ga sanansa, ya bayyana matsayinsa ta hanyar cewa ya ji cewa ba sa fuskantar rashin yarda daga cikin ya mutu a cikin yaƙin, wanda ya gaya masa:
"Kada ku ba da hanya, ba naku bane, amma namu."A cikin nasara a cikin matukin jirgi cikin tsoffin sanduna, Andrei ya tafi neman cigaba. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar koyon sana'a a cikin Gomel, sannan Makarantar Fasaha a yankin Minsk, inda ake zaben matsayin jagoranci da halartar shugabanni a cikin jagorancin Komsomol. Kuma a 22, an tashe shi zuwa Sakatakarwar jam'iyyar.
A shekara ta 1931, Andre Gromyko ya zama dalibi na Cibiyar tattalin arzikin MinSK. Amma darussan 2 kawai kawai suka yi nazari, saboda an aiko shi zuwa ƙauyen kusa da Minsk a matsayin darektan makarantar. Cibiyar da ta fara karatun Matasa ta yi karatunsu a cikin ba.
Da yawa daga cikin matasa masu aiki, a cikinsu akwai Andrei Gromo, Kwamitin tsakiya na Belaramin Kwaminis ta Belarate ya aika don koyon karatun digiri na Bass. Anan suka shirya wasu masana tattalin arziki da yawa. A matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun ɗalibai, a cikin 1934, an fassara shi Moscow.
An kare ta da hadin gwiwar dan takarar a kan aikin gona na Amurka kuma wanda aka yi niyya a Cibiyar Binciken Siyasa ta Al'umma a matsayin mai binciken. A wannan lokacin, Andrei Andreevich Gromyko nazarin Ingilishi zuwa Turanci.
A shekara ta 1938, ya zama Sakatariyar Masanaci na Cibiyar Kasuwanci na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta USSR. An shirya saurayin Matasa da kuma alkalin da aka shirya don aika wa reshen gabas na makarantar makarantar.
Sana'a
Kamar yadda na zamani na Andrei Gromo tuna, sai ya gajiya da aikin kai. Na karanta Ayyukan tattalin arziƙi ba wai kawai a cikin masana kimiyya ba ne, amma kuma abin tunawa da Samaniyar Seviet suke welte, wanda ya nuna matukar muhimmanci a kansa.
A lokacin kyauta, Gromyko ya shiga gasa harbe har ma ya karɓi "vorosholovsky mai harbi" icon. Yana da matukar son kimiyya na soja cewa yana tunanin zama matukin jirgi. Amma ta da shekaru ba zai iya shiga makarantar jirgin sama ba.
Daga baya a cikin tunawa, Andrei Gromyko bai ambaci danniya na 1930s ba. Amma "" tsabtatawa "ne a cikin Aikin Harkokin Waje, sun juya matsayin makomar masanin masanin masanin masanin kimiya ya koma kungiyar diflomasiyya.
A shekara ta 1939, Andrei Andreevich Gromyko ya gayyaci hukumar kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar. Shugabanninta na shugabar ta ta vyacheslav Molotov da Georgy Penkov ne daga cikin 'yan takarar matasa' yan takarar diflomasiya. Babban bukatun shine asalin sabon abin da aka gabatar kuma aƙalla wani ilimin yare na harsunan kasashen waje. Biyar daga Belarus ya kusanta dukkan ka'idojin. A wancan lokacin, ya yardar da littattafan Turanci da yardar Turanci, an kafa su, amma a lokaci guda ana ci da ita.
Ma'aikacin hulɗa
Andrei ta fara aikin diflomasiyya da sauri. A lokacin bazara na 1939, da Ma'aikatar Nkid kasashen Amurka ne ke jagoranta shi. Amma a cikin fall, an kira shi zuwa I. V. Stalin kuma ya sanya mai ba da shawara a ofishin jakadancin Ussr a Amurka. Mai ba da labari na yau da kullun wanda ya wajabta iya canja wurin ilimin diflomasiyya zuwa wani matattarar diflomasari, Lieayantant Janar masarautar Vasilyev, shugaban Ma'aikatar hulda da ke tsakanin sojojin.
Daga 1939 zuwa 1943, Andrei Gromyko ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga ofishin wakilin UsSr a Amurka. Kuma a farkon 1943 ya maye gurbin jakadan Ussr a cikin Maxim litvinova na Amurka. A wannan matsayin da ya yi aiki har zuwa 1946. Abubuwa masu mahimmanci na waɗannan shekaru shine shirye-shiryen Tehran, Potsdam da taron Yalta. A sanannen Yaltian a 1945, Gromyko ya kwashe da kansu.
Tun daga shekarar 1946, a kan hanya biyu, jami'in diflomasiyya ya jagoranci wakilin dindindin na USSR karkashin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Abin lura ne cewa Andrei Gromo ya juya ya zama farkon jami'in diflomasiyyar Soviet, wanda aka danƙa shi da wannan post. Bugu da kari, daga 1946 zuwa 1949, Andrei Andreevich sun gudanar da matsayin mataimakin ministan harkokin waje na USSR. A cikin labarin mujallar "Lokaci", ɗaya daga cikin masana ya lura da "iyawar numfashi" na Gromyko.
Amma a cikin wannan post din, jami'in ya yi kuskure mai ban haushi: Ba tare da ƙudurin kuɗin da ke cikin matsin lamba na Jagora da ƙasar Sin ba .
A saboda wannan, Stalin, wanda ke mulkin dangantakar tattalin arziki da DPRK da kaina, ya ɗauki Andrei Gromyko daga post na Mataimakin Ministan farko kuma ya aiko shi jakunkuna a London. Anan, diflomasiyar diflomasiyya ta yi aiki ga mutuwar Yusufu Visarionvich. Bayan rasuwar Stalin, an gabatar da jakadan ga Amurka kuma ya nada post na farko Ministan Harkokin Waje na Tarayyar Soviet.
A cikin hunturu na 1957, Andre Gromyko ya zama Ministan Harkokin Harkokin Waje na USSR. A cikin wannan post, an nada shi Nikita Khrushchev bayan an yi shawarwari tare da Dmitry Sheplov, wanda ya jagoranci wannan post din kafin ya koma bayan kwamitin kwamitin tsakiya na CSU. Halin da aka ba su Gromyko, sun son Khrushchev:
"Wannan katangar Bulldog ne: gaya masa - ba ya shan taba ya sha ruwa har sai ya cika komai akan lokaci da daidai."A post na ministan harkokin waje na kungiyar Soviet, Andre Gromyko sun yi aiki da rashin fahimta na tsawon lokaci - 28. Rashin nasarorin da babu matsala a cikin wannan sabis ɗin sun haɗa da mafi mahimmancin tattaunawar da ta nasara kan iko akan tseren makaman talakawa. A wani asusun ajiyarsa, da sasanta rikicin Caribbean da kuma sasantawa da sasantawa ta Amurka John Kennedy.
A shekarar 1970, Ministan harkokin wajen UsSr ya ba da gudummawa mai girma ga bunkasuwar rubutun da kuma shirye-shiryen sanya hannu kan kungiyar Soviet a kan 'ilmin Jamusawa "a cikin Turai.
Andrei Andreevich ya fadi ne don yin wahalar tattaunawar da ke Amurka da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, don abin da yake yawan tashi sama da teku. Kuma dole ne ya shirya ziyarar shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon a cikin USSR, na farkon tarihin dangantakar Amurka ta Amurka.
An kuma amfani da ziyarar farko ga Italiya. Ya kuma kafa wani danshi dangantaka da wannan kasar - daya daga cikin manyan kasashen da suka halarci hadin kan hadin hadin Hitler.
Kuma ministan harkokin waje ya zama dan majalisar wakilai na farko da suka gana da Paparoma Roman. Tattaunawa ta farko ta faru ne a New York, a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekarar 1965. Sannan Bulus VI ya yi aiki sau 4 a cikin Vatican.
A cikin litattafan da ake kira Andrei gromo mafi ƙarancin ƙwallon kafa. Hanyar tattaunawa ta haifar da sha'awa ga masu ɗorewa da gagatso mai haushi a gefe. Mai diflamplomasplomplate an yi shi sosai m sasantawa kuma ya kasance da matukar ban mamaki. Ya kasance yana shirya don haɗuwa, nazarin abokin hamayyarsa daga kowane bangare. Baya ga sanin mafi yawan cikakkun bayanai game da matsalar a karkashin tattaunawa.
Wannan ya ba shi damar mamaye ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙwarewa. Gromyko ya jagoranci tattaunawar a hankali, ana iya jinkirta tattaunawar tsawon sa'o'i. Yawancin jami'an diflomasiyya ba sa jure yawancin maganganun tattaunawa ba kuma suna da jijiyoyi. Kawai sai Andrei Andreevich ya ja da manyan magungunansa.
Bayan mutuwar Leonid Brezhnev ya zama babban sakatare, Yuri Androvov ya nada shugaban Mataimakin Shugaban Mataimakin Majalisa na Muster. A wannan post, Andrei Gromyko zauna daga 1983 zuwa Yuli 1985. Kuma a cikin Janairu 1988, bayan mutuwar Konstantin Chernenenko, abokan aikin siyasa na Polomburto sun gayyace shi ya ɗauki gidan sakatare-janar na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar CSU.
Amma Andrei Andreevich ya ki ba shi damar nuna Mikhail Gorbacheva, ba shi tabbataccen halaye a taron siyasa. A cewar wasu bayanai, daga baya a wani sahihiyar saiti, ya yi baƙin ciki da hukuncin da ya yanke.
Bayan zaben Mikhail Gorbacheva, Sakatare Janar na Babban kwamitin na CSPU, post Post of Ministan harkokin waje na Soviet Union ya dauki Eduard Shevardnadze. Andrei Gromyko ya ba da matsayin bikin na shugaban majalisa na shugaban majalisa. Amma a watan Oktoba 1988, an sake shi dangane da yanayin lafiyar.
Rayuwar sirri
Tare da matarsa Lydia Grinevich, makomar "na Komun nan gaba" sun hadu a cikin 1931, lokacin da ya shiga cibiyar tattalin arzikin Minsk. Lydia, kamar shi, ɗan adam ne na wannan jami'a.
Rayuwar rayuwar Andrei Gromo da Lydia Grinevich sun yi farin ciki da farin ciki. A zahiri ne da gaske kwatanta kwayar jama'ar Tarayyar, inda kammala fahimtar juna ya yi sarauta. Lokacin da Daraktan ya aiko da miji zuwa makarantar karkara, matar ta ce a baya. Bayan shekara guda, suna da ofan Atato. Kuma a cikin 1937, 'yar Emilia ta bayyana.
Matar ba kawai ta samar da amintaccen "mai ba" mai kyau ba, har ma da dacewa da shi. Ta koyi Turanci kuma sau da yawa ana gayyatar karar da wannan diflomasiyar kasashen yamma.
Ma'auratan sun Kurawa Jaha - Alexey da Igor. Abubuwan da aka fi so da Andrei Andreevich suna farauta. Kuma yana tattara bindigogi.
Mutuwa
Andrei Gromyko ya mutu a watan Yuli na 1989. Mutuwa ta zo daga rikice-rikice bayan karya ANEURSM na ciki Aorga. Kuma kodayake an aiwatar da aikin masu kula da gaggawa a kan lokaci, amma jiki da zuciya ta sa ba su motsa kaya ba.
"Kabarin Kremrian" ya so ya rufe bangon Kremlin, amma wanda ya yi biris da kansa ya binne shi a makabartar Novodevichy.
Bayan jami'in jami'in, ana tambayar jana'izar kan jana'izar a kan murabba'i na ja ba ya tashi sama kuma a cikin Kremlin necropolis wanda aka binne shi.