Alexander Kolchak (Adalire) - tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar sirri, hoto, Anna Thiirev da sabon labarai

Tari

Kolchak Alexander Vasilyevich - Wani ɗan sanda da na Rasha, mai binciken binciken Polar. A lokacin yakin basasa, ya shiga tarihi Labaran Tarihi a matsayin shugaban farin motsi. Kimanin halayen kolchak yana daya daga cikin manyan shafuka masu rikitarwa da ban tsoro na tarihin Rasha na karni na 20.

Alexander kolchak an haife shi ne a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1874 a ƙauyen Alexandrovskoe a cikin yankin St. Petersburg, a cikin dangin sarƙoƙi. Rod Kolchakov ya juya ya shahara a filin soja, yana bauta wa daular Rasha don ƙarni da yawa. Mahaifinsa shi ne gwarzon tsaron Sevitopol a lokacin kamfen na Crimean.

Ilmi

Har zuwa shekaru 11 ya sami ilimin gida. A cikin 1885-88 Alexander ya yi karatu a Gymetasium na 6 na St. Petersburg, wanda ya sauke karatu daga azuzuwan uku. Daga nan sai ya shiga cikin Cadet Corps, wanda ya nuna kyakkyawan nasarori a cikin dukkan batutuwa. A matsayinka na mafi kyawun ɗalibi akan ilimin kimiyya da halayyar da aka yi rajista a cikin aji na shahidans kuma an nada Feldfelm. Ya sauke karatu daga Cadet Corps a cikin 1894 a cikin Matsayin Michman.

Carier fara

Daga 1895 zuwa 1899, kolchak ya yi aiki a cikin rundunar sojan Baltic da Pacific, sau uku sun yi tafiya a duniya. Ya kasance cikin wani nazarin mai zaman kansa na tekun Pacific, mafi yawan sha'awar yankunanta na arewacinta. A cikin 1900, an fassara wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙarami matasa zuwa makarantar kimiyya. A wannan lokacin, ayyukan kimiyyar kimiyya na farko sun fara bayyana, musamman, labarin labarin game da abubuwan da ya kasance a kan tafin teku. Amma burin jami'in matasa ba kawai ba ne ba, har ma da binciken aiki - yana mafarkin zuwa ɗaya daga cikin balaguron balaguro.

Sha'awar wallafensa, sanannen masanin mai binciken Arctic Baron E. V. Toll ya nuna kolchak don shiga cikin binciken ƙasar Sannikov. Bayan zai nemi ya bace, yana kan Ilbaser daga cikin Schouler "Zyarda", sannan kuma a kan kare Soledding ya sa ragowar haɗari kuma ya sami ragowar balaguro. A yayin wannan kamfen mai hatsari, kolchak yayi sanyi sosai kuma mu'ujiza ya tsira bayan tsananin kumburin huhu.

Yaƙin Jafananci-Rasha

A cikin Maris 1904, kai tsaye bayan farkon yaƙin, ba tare da murmurewa gaba daya daga cutar da Kolhak ya samu gaba daya daga cutar ta hanyar da aka ajiye Port Arthur. Gidan Tarihi "" a karkashin umarninsa ya zama bangare a cikin shigarwa shingen shingen a cikin Hadarin Tsaro daga Rikicin Japan. Godiya ga waɗannan ayyukan fama, an rushe jiragen ruwan abokan gaba da yawa.

A cikin 'yan watannin, ya umurce manyan bindigogin bakin teku, wanda ya sa lalataccen lalacewa ga abokan gaba. A lokacin yaƙin ya ji rauni, bayan ya ɗauki sansanin soja, an kama shi. A matsayin alama na karbuwar ruhunsa, umurnin sojojin Jafananci suka bar turmin makami da kuma warware su daga zaman talala. Don ya bayyana gwarzo, an bashi kyautar:

• Georgiv makami;
• Umarni na St. Anne da St. Stanislav.

Yi gwagwarmaya don nishaɗar jiragen sama

Bayan jiyya a Asibitin Kolchak ya karbi hutu na watanni shida. Da gaske fuskantar cikakken asarar 'yan gudun hijirar a cikin yaƙi tare da Japan, yana da himma da hannu a cikin aikin a kan farawarsa.

A watan Yuni na 1906, Kolchak ya jagoranci kungiyar a cikin ma'aikatan da ke cikin Marine don fallasa dalilan domin kayar da tsushiyawa. A matsayin ƙwararren soja, sau da yawa ana yin shi ne a cikin sauraron jiha na jihar Duma tare da tabbacin ya raba kuɗin tallafin.

Aikinsa ya sadaukar da hakikanin rundunar rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Rasha ta zama ka'idar Juyin Juyin Juyin Jirgin Rasha na Rasha a lokacin yakin. A matsayin wani bangare na aiwatar da kolchak a 1906-1908. Da kaina sarrafa gina ginin makamai na hudu da kuma kankara biyu.

Don bayar da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga nazarin Arewa na Rasha, an zabe ko memba na Lieutenant memba a cikin al'adar Rasha ta Rasha. Sunan barkwanci "an sami kolchak-polar".

A lokaci guda, koolchaki ya ci gaba da aiwatar da tsarin kayan abubuwan da suka gabata. A cikin 1909, aikin kankara na Kara da Siberian tekun da aka buga a 1909 an san su a matsayin sabon mataki a cikin samuwar na polar da aka yi akan binciken kankara.

Yaƙin Duniya na I

Ka'idar Kaiser na shirya zuwa Blitzkrieg St. Petersburg. Heinrich Prussian, Kwamandan rundunar rundunar rundunar ta Jamus, ta yi kirgawa a farkon zamanin yakin don shiga cikin babban birnin bindigogi kuma a karkashin Hosricane wuta na bindigogi.

Bayan sun halaka muhimman abubuwa, ya ɗauka ya mamaye saukowa, kwace Petersburg kuma ya ƙare da'awar Rasha. Aiwatar da ayyukan Napoleonic sun hana kwarewar dabarun dabarun Jami'an Marine Rasha.

Bayar da babbar amfani ga adadin jiragen ruwan Jamus, da aka fara dabarun gwagwarmaya a matsayin dabarun yakina na yakina. Sashin Kolchakov ya riga ya kawo 6 dubu min a cikin ruwan ruwan na Gulf na Finland. Ma'aikatan ma'adinai masu tsoma masu tsintsiya sun zama abin dogaro da tsare-tsaren babban birnin kasar da kuma kuka na rundunar jiragen ruwa na Jamus don kama Russia.

A nan gaba, Kolchak nace tsaftar tsare-tsaren don sauyawa zuwa mafi m ayyuka. Tuni a ƙarshen 1914, ana yin wani aiki mai ɗorewa ta hanyar ma'adinai na Danzig Bay kai kai kai kai kai kai kai kai tsaye daga bakin makiya. A sakamakon wannan aikin, an cire jiragen ruwa 35,000. Ayyukan nasara na gudu sun ƙaddara cigabanta na gaba.

A cikin Satumba 1915, an naɗa shi shugaban mambina na rabo. A farkon watan Oktoba, wani m kewayon da aka ɗauke su a kan saukowa saukowa a kan tudu na rigar da aka bayar don taimakawa sojojin arewa. An aiwatar da aikin don haka cikin nasara cewa abokan gaba ba su yi zargin gaban Russia ba.

A watan Yuni na 1916, A. V. Kolchak ya samar da korar Motocin jihar Chin-in-Chief of Black Seet. A cikin hoto, ana kama da gawawwakin da aka kware tare da dukkanin Regalia duk ya yi.

Lokacin Juyin juya hali

Bayan nasarar juyin juya halin ga watan Fabrairu, kolchak ya kasance amintacce ga mai sarki. Da sauraron jariran jirgin ruwan Juyin juya baya su wuce makaman, ya jefa wani bangare na labulensa da kalmomi: "Har da Jafananci bai karbi makaman daga gare ni ba, ba zan ba ku makamai ba!"

Zuwan Petrograd, Kolchak ya nada laifin laifin da ya laifin rushe sojojinsa da kasar. Bayan haka, an cire shi da gaske a zahiri a zahiri a cikin tunani na siyasa a kan shugaban aikin soja na soja zuwa Amurka.

A watan Disamba 1917, ya nemi gwamnatin Burtaniya ta shiga cikin aikin soja. Koyaya, wasu da'irori sun riga sun yi fare akan Kolchak a matsayin jagora mai iko wanda zai iya yin fallying gwagwarmayar 'yanci a kan Bolshevism.

A kudu Rasha, sojojin da son rai sun yi aiki, a Siberiya kuma a gabas akwai wasu gwamnatocin da aka warke. United a watan Satumbar 1918, sun kirkiro directory, da rashin jituwa da abin da ya fusata kan jami'an manyan jami'an da kuma da'irori. Suna buƙatar "hannu mai karfi" kuma, da ya sadaukar da fararen juyin mulki, wanda aka ba Kolchak don ɗaukar taken Sarki Mai mulkin Rasha.

Makasudin Gwamnatin Kolchakovsky

Dan siyasa na kolchak shi ne maido da manyan daular Rasha. Dokokinta masu tsauri an hana ta hanyar dokokinsa. Gwamnatin Siberiya ta so su cimma nasarar dukkan kungiyoyin jama'a da jam'iyyun, ba tare da halayyar hagu da dama ba. An shirya sake fasalin tattalin arziki, ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar tushen masana'antu a Siberiya.

Manyan nasarori na sojojin Kolchak sun sami nasarar cimma a lokacin bazara na 1919, lokacin da ta ɗauki yankin membobin. Koyaya, bayan nasara, jerin gazawar, lalacewa ta hanyar da yawa miscalculations, fara:

• Rashin kwararar Kolchak a cikin matsalolin gwamnatin jihar;
• ya ki warware matsalar aikin gona;
• Paropsan da kalmomin magunguna;
• Rashin jituwa da abokan adawar.

A watan Nuwamba 1919, an tilasta mana barin barin Omsk; A cikin Janairu 1920, Denidin ya ba da ikon sa. A sakamakon cin amana da cin amana Czech Cold, wanda aka tura shi hannun Bolshevikov Rev., wanda ya kama wuta a cikin Irkutsk a cikin Irkutsk a cikin Irkutsk.

Mutuwar Admiral koolchak

Makamin mutumin da ya ƙare da gangan. Dalilin mutuwa, wasu masana tarihi suna kiran bayanan sirri na V. I. Lenin, wanda ke juyawa 'yanci ta hanzarta zuwa ga adaniyar kincp. A. V. Kolchak ya harbe a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1920 a cikin Irkutsk.

A karni na 21, da mummunan darajar halayen koolchak ya bita. An ɓata sunansa akan wuraren abubuwan tunawa, mu'ujizai, a cikin finafinan fina-finai.

Rayuwar sirri

Matar Kolhak, Sofa Omirova, mai nuna shafe-kenan. Saboda balaguron tafiya, shekaru da yawa suna jira ango. Bikin su ya faru a watan Maris 1904 a cikin haikalin Irkutsk.

Yara uku aka haife su a aure:

• Yarinyar farko da aka haife ta a 1905 ya mutu cikin jarirai.
• Son rosistislav, 03.03.1910.
• 'Yar margarita, aka haife shi a shekara ta 1912, ta mutu tun yana da shekara biyu.

Sophia Omiriova a 1919 tare da taimakon abokan hulde, tare da dansa, da aka yiwa zuwa Constaneta, daga baya zuwa Paris. Ya mutu a cikin 1956, aka binne shi a cikin makabartar Palisiyawa.

Son rosistislav - ma'aikaci na Bankin Algeria, wanda ya halarci yaƙe-yaƙe tare da Jamusawa a gefen sojojin Faransa. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1965. Janar Kolchak - Alexander, an haifeshi a 1933, yana zaune a Paris.

Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwar ainihin matar Kolchak shine ƙaunar sa ta ƙarshe Anna Thiirev. SANARWA DA MALAMIYAR CLURLY ya faru ne a cikin 1915 a cikin Masu Helsingfors, inda tazo da mijinta, babban jami'in. Bayan kisan aure a 1918 ya bi da Admiral. An kama shi da kolchak, kuma bayan kisan nasa ya dauki kusan shekaru 30 a cikin nassoshi da gidaje. An sake fasali, ya mutu a 1975 a cikin Moscow.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa

1. Alexander Kolchak aka yi masa baftisma a cikin Cocin Allah, wanda aka san shi yau da ake kira Kulich da Ista.
2. A lokacin daya daga cikin tafiye-tafiye-tafiye, kolchak ya kira tsibirin da girmama amarya, wacce ke jiransa a babban birnin. Wannan sunan shine sunan Cape Sofya ya ceci lokacinmu.
3. A. V. Kolchak ya zama na hudu cikin tarihi ta hanyar Polar Navigator, wanda ya karbi kyautar mafi girma na al'ummar yanki - lambobin Konstantinov. A gabansa, Babban F. N. Nordencheld, N. Yurgens aka girmama.
4. Katunan da Kolchak suka yi amfani da Kolhak daga cikin jirgin ruwa na Soviet har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1950s.
5. Kafin mutuwar kolchak bai yarda da tayin don ɗaure idanunsa ba. Ya gabatar da sigarinsa ga kwamandan mai aiwatar da HCC.