Tari
Mendeleev dmitry Ivanovich kimiyyar Rasha ne, masanin ilimin kimiya, mai bincike a fagen, Aeromeut, malami, malami, wani adadi na jama'a da na asali.Yaro da matasa
Babban masanin masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi ne a shekara ta 1834, 8, a Tebolsk. Uba Ivan Pavlovich shi ne darektan makarantun gundoran da Tobolsk, ya faru daga irin Pavelov, Russian ta kasa.
Iyali Ivan ya canza a cikin ƙuruciya, kasancewa da ɗaliban Seminary. Mai yiwuwa, ana yinsa ne ta girmama Allahnsa, mai saukar da maigidan Mendeleev. Daga baya, tambayan da ke da ke damun iyali na malamin iyali ya shafa. Dangane da bayani daya, ta tabbatar da asalin Yahudawa, a kan wasu game da Jamusanci. Dmitry Mendeleev da kansa ya yi magana game da gaskiyar cewa malamin nasa daga wurin seminary aka kira shi Ivan. Saurayi ya musayar musayar da jigogi ya zama sananne a cikin abokan karatun. A cewar kalmomi biyu, "" Menu na "- Ivan Pavlovich an shigar da wani bayani na ilimi.
Mahaifiyar Maria Dmitirna (a cikin manyan Kornilieeeeeeeeeeeee ta (a cikin Manornileeeeeeeeeeee ta (a cikin Manornileeeeeeeee ta (a cikin manyan Kornileee ta renon renon yara da gida, tana da suna a matsayin mace mai hankali da mace mai hankali. Dmitry ya kasance a cikin dangin sauro, na ƙarshe na yara goma sha huɗu (a wasu bayanai - na ƙarshe 'ya'ya goma sha bakwai). A shekaru na 10, yaron ya rasa mahaifinsa wanda ya mutu da sannu.
A lokacin karatunsa a cikin motsa jiki, Dmitry bai nuna kansa ba, ya fi wahalar da shi Latin. Loveaunar ilimin kimiya ta musamman, ta kuma shiga cikin samuwar halayensa. Mary Dmitrievna ya dauki dan ya yi karatu a St. Petersburg.
A shekarar 1850, a Storsterburg, saurayin ya shiga shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Pedic don Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Fizmat. Malaman nasa sun kasance Farfesa E. H. Lenz, A. Voskreesensky da N. V. omatogradsky.
Yayin karatu a Cibiyar (1850-1855), Mendeleev yana nuna ikon da ba'a sani ba. A matsayin ɗalibi, sai ya wallafa labarin "akan isomorphism" da kuma nazarin sunadarai.
Kimiyya
A cikin 1855th Dmitry yana karɓar difloma da lambar zinare da shugabanci zuwa ga Simferopol. Anan yana aiki a matsayin babban malami na motsa jiki. Tare da farkon yakin Crimean, Mendeev ya koma Odessa kuma ya karbi matsayin malami a cikin lyceum.
A cikin 1856 ya sake kasancewa a St. Petersburg. Yayi karatu a Jami'ar, yana kare disittation, yana koyar da sunadarai. A cikin fall, tana kare wani ra'ayi kuma tana nada ta hanyar Unity na jami'a.
A cikin 1859 Mendeleev aika a kan tafiya kasuwanci zuwa Jamus. Yana aiki a Jami'ar Heidelberg, ya sanya dakin gwaje-gwaje, yayi nazarin ɗaukar ruwa. Anan an rubuta su labarai "a kan cikakken tafasa zazzabi" da "a kan fadada ruwa", sabon abu "zazzabi mai mahimmanci" an buɗe "m zazzabi".
A shekarar 1861, masanin kimiyya ya koma St. Petersburg. Airƙiri littafin "Chemistryic Christistry", wanda aka girmama kyautar kwastomomi. A cikin 1864, ya riga ya riga ya riga ya tashi, bayan shekaru biyu ke bin sashen, yana koyar da ayyuka kan "sansanonin sunadarai."
A cikin 1869, yana wakiltar tsarin lokaci-lokaci na abubuwa, haɓaka wanda ya sadaukar da shi duk rayuwarsa. Tebur na Mendleelev ya gabatar da teburin zina na tara na abubuwa tara, daga baya ya kara da gungun gas na baka da hagu wani wuri don abubuwan da suka gabata. A cikin 90s, Dmitry Mendeeev ya ba da gudummawarsa ga bude sabon aikin rediyo. Dokar lokaci-lokaci ya haɗa da shaidar dangantakar abubuwan da kadarorin abubuwa da ciyawar atomic. Yanzu akwai hoto na Discoverer kusa da kowane tebur na abubuwan sunadarai.
A cikin 1865-1887, ka'idar hydrate na mafita yana tasowa. A cikin 1872, ya fara nazarin elaschaiti na gas, shekaru biyu suna nuna daidaituwa na cikakken gas. Daga cikin nasarorin Mendeleev wannan zamani shine ƙirƙirar makircin distillation na samfuran man fetur, amfani da tanki da bututun. Tare da taimakon Dmitry Ivanovich, ƙonewar baƙar fata a cikin tandere sun daina. Kalmar masanin kimiyya "ƙona mai yana kamar zafi da murhun tare da ayyukan" ya zama Aphorism.
Wani kuma wani yanki na aikin masanin kimiyya ya zama bincike na kasa. A cikin shekarar 1875, Ditmry Ivanovich ya ziyarci taron majalisar kasa na Paris, inda ya yi biyayya da sabuwar dabara ga Kotun - wani daban-daban. A cikin 1887, masanin masanin ya halarci tafiya a balan zuwa balloon zuwa babba yadudduka na yanayin don kiyaye cikakken hasken rana.
A cikin 1890th, wani rikici tare da babban jami'in ya kasance sanadin tashiwar Mendelev ne daga Jami'ar. A cikin 1892th, ƙirƙira hanyar samun hanyar samun foda mara nauyi mara amfani. A lokaci guda, da maigidan ya wajabta da matakai na misalai da sikeli. Anan ya dawo da lamunin laban da Arshri, yana tsunduma cikin ƙididdigewa idan aka karkashe ka'idodin Rasha da Ingilishi na matakan.
A lokacin da aka gabatar da Mendeleev a cikin 1899, an gabatar da tsarin metic na matakan awo. A cikin 1905, 1906 da 1907, masanin masanin ya gabatar da dan takara ne ga lambar yabo ta Nobel. A cikin 1906, Kwamitin Nobel na kyautar an ba shi Mendeleev, amma Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal ta Kimiyo na Sweden bai tabbatar da wannan shawarar ba.
Mendeleev, wanda shine Mawallafin ayyuka sama da dubu dubu, yana da babban ikon kimiyya a duniya. Don fa'idodinsu, an ba da masanin masanin kimiyya da yabo, Rasha da kuma lambobin ƙasa da dama, ya kasance mai girmama al'ummomin kimiyya a cikin kasarsu da kasashen waje.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin ƙuruciyarsa da Ditmry, akwai wani yanayi mara kyau. Kula da yarinyar Sonya, wanda ya saba da karami, ya ƙare da sa hannu. Amma abin rufe kyau ga kambi bai tafi ba. A kan Haikalin bikin aure, lokacin da aka riga ya cika juyawa, Sonechka ya auri aure. Yarinyar da yarinyar ta ƙi cewa ba ta da ma'ana don canza wani abu idan rayuwa tana da kyau.
Dmitry ya damu matuka game da rata tare da amarya, amma rayuwa ta tafi wurinta! Daga kabarin dare, balaguro ne ya shagala a ƙasashen waje, laccoci karatu da abokai masu aminci. Ya sake dawowa dangantakar da Bream Nikitary Bream, wanda ya saba da shi a baya, ya fara haduwa da shi. Yarinyar ta kasance tsoffin dmitry na shekaru 6, amma duba matasa, don haka bambance-bambance a cikin shekarun ba su ganuwa.
A cikin 1862, sun zama mijinta da mijinta. An haifi 'yar da Masa Masa a shekara ta 1863, amma kuma' yan watanni kaɗan ne. A cikin 1865, an haifi ɗan Motociza, shekaru uku - 'yar Oliy. Dmitry Ivanovich an ɗaure wa yara, amma ya biya ɗan lokaci kaɗan, tunda rayuwa ta sadaukar da rayuwar kimiyya. A aure, an gama gwargwadon ka'idodin "Haskewa, mai mamakin, bai yi farin ciki ba.
A shekarar 1877, Dmitry ya gana da Anna Ivanovna Popova, wanda ya zama wani mutum a gare shi, wanda zai iya tallafawa kalma mai wayo a gare shi. Yarinyar ta juya ta zama babban mutum mai martaba: Ta yi nazarin a wasan da ke consrvory akan Piano, daga baya a Kwalejin Arcts.
Dmitry Ivanovich ya shirya Matasa "Jumma'a", inda ya sadu da Anna. "Jumma'a" ya canza zuwa ga rubuce-rubuce da fasaha "muhalli", da masu ƙididdigar waɗanda aka tallata masu fasaha da furofesoshi. Daga cikin su akwai ILY KROIN, IVAN KRASKYA, IVAN Shishinji, Ivan Shishkin, Nikolai Wagtov da sauransu.
Auren Dmitry da Anna faru a 1881. Ba da daɗewa ba suna da 'yar Lyuba, ɗan Ivan ya bayyana a 1883, tagwayen zafi da Mariya - a 1886. A cikin aure na biyu, rayuwar masanin kimiyya ta ci gaba da farin ciki. Daga baya, dan Dmitry Ivanovich shi ne wani mawaƙin Alexander Bod, ya auri 'yar masanin masanin soyayya.
Mutuwa
A farkon shekarun 1907, Dmitry Mendeleev da sabon ministan masana'antu an gudanar da falsafan Phossophan a cikin dakin auna da kaya masu nauyi. Bayan hawa ɗakin, masanin kimiyya ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da mura, wanda ya haifar da kumburi na huhu. Amma ko da rashin lafiya, demitry ya ci gaba da aiki a kan rubutun "zuwa ga sanin Rasha", kalmomin da suka gabata da ya rubuta cewa kalmar ta zama:
"A ƙarshe, ina ganin ya zama dole, har ma a cikin mafi yawan halaye, Express ...".
Mutuwa ta zo da karfe biyar da safe a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu saboda raunin zuciya. Dmitry Mendeleev na kabari yana kan Kabilar Wolf na St. Petersburg.
Dmitry Mendeleev Mondeleev imporment ne ba a lalata ta da yawa daga cikin abubuwan tunawa, da yadudduka, littafin "Dmitry medeleev. Marubucin babban dokar. "
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Da sunan Dmitry Mendeelev, yawancin abubuwan ban sha'awa na abubuwan tarihin rayuwar bigraphy suna da alaƙa. Baya ga ayyukan masanin kimiyya, dmitry Ivanovich ya tsunduma cikin masana'antu hankali. A cikin 70s, tashi daga masana'antar man ya fara ne a Amurka, fasahar da ta rage samar da kayayyakin magungunan. Masana'antar da ke kera Rasha suka fara yin asara a kasuwar kasa da kasa saboda rashin gasa a farashin.
- A cikin 1876, a bukatar Ma'aikatar Kasar Rasha da "na al'ummar fasaha na Rasha", wanda ya hada kai da sashen soja, Mendeleev ya wuce wasan kwaikwayon kayan aikin fasaha. A cikin wuri, Chemist yana yin muhimmiyar ƙa'idodin masana'anta da Kerosene da sauran samfuran man fetur. Kuma bisa ga umarnin Rahotannin Rahoton Roney, Dmitry Ivanovich ya yi kokarin fahimtar hanyar masana'antu mara amfani, wanda ya yi nasara.
- Mendeev yana da sha'awa - don sa akwatuna. Masanin kimiyya dinka.
- Hanyar kirkirar Vodka da Moonshine ana danganta ga masanin kimiyya. Amma a zahiri, dmitry Ivanovich a cikin batun diddigin diddial "Tunanin game da haɗin giya da ruwa" yayi nazarin batun rage girman ruwaye na gauraye. A cikin aikin masanin kimiyya babu kalma game da vodka. Kuma daidaitaccen a 40 ° an kafa shi ne a Tsarist Russia da baya a 1843.
- Abubuwan da ke cutar da hermetic na fasinjoji don fasinjoji da matukan jirgi.
- Akwai wani labari cewa bude tsarin mendeleev ya faru a cikin mafarki, amma wannan tatsuniya ce ta masanin kimiyya.
- Da kansa ya juya sigari ta amfani da sigari mai tsada. Ya ce ba zai daina shan sigari ba.
Gano
- Ya kirkiro wani mai gudanar da sarrafawa, wanda ya zama gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga taimako.
- An kirkiro wani tebur na abubuwa masu guba, wanda ya zama mai hoto na doka ta Mendeleev a lokacin aiki a kan "sansanonin sunadarai".
- An kirkiro da picnometer - na'urar tana iya tantance adadin ruwa.
- Bude m tafarkin taya.
- An kirkiro lissafin yanayin mafi kyawun gas, wanda ke tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin yanayin cikakken iskar gas, matsi da kuma ƙarar molar.
- Ya bude babbar cibiyar matakai da sikeli - tsakiyar kafa Ma'aikatar Kudi, ta sauka daga sashen daular Rasha, wacce aka gabatar ta sashen Kasuwanci.