Tari
Ishaku Newton an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1643 a cikin karamin kauyen Birtaniya na Wolstorp, wanda ke kan yankin Lincolnsshire. Mai raɗaɗi, wanda ya riga ya bar Lonso na mahaifiyarsa, ya zo wannan duniyar a ranar rasuwar mahaifinsa da jimake kafin bikin Kirsimeti da jimake kafin bikin Kirsimeti.
Yaron ya yi rauni sosai cewa ba ma bai yi baftisma ba. Amma har yanzu ɗan Ishaku Newton, sun ce wa mahaifinsa, kuma ya rayu da gaske rayuwa don karni na sha bakwai - shekaru 84.
Mahaifin masanin kimiyyar nan gaba ya zama ɗan ƙaramin manomi, amma mai nasara da wadata. Bayan mutuwar Newton, danginsa sun karɓi kadada ɗari da kadada da ƙasa mai ban tsoro tare da adadin fam 500.
Mahaifiyar Ishaku, da zarar an sake yin aure kuma ya kuma haifi sabon matatar mata uku. ANNA ya biya karamar zuriyar yarinya, kuma kakar Ishaku da Ishaku ya yi da farko tare da upbringing na ɗan farin ta, to, kawunsa william eisk.
Yayin da yake yaro, Newton ya fannoni zanen zane, wakoki, watches da ke lura da ruwa ruwa, iska, masters na coils takarda. A lokaci guda, har yanzu ya kasance mai raɗaɗi sosai, kuma sosai ba a fahimta ba: Wasanni masu farin ciki tare da takwarorin Ishaku sun fi gaban nasa hobbies.
Lokacin da aka aika da yaron zuwa makaranta, rauninsa na zahiri da kuma ƙwarewar sadarwa mara kyau sau ɗaya ko da ya sa yaron ya doke. Newton ba zai iya zama wulakanci da Newton ba. Amma, hakika, na dare, ba zai iya siyan fom din motsa jiki ba, don haka yaron ya yanke shawarar koyar da girman kansa in ba haka ba.
Idan kafin wannan yanayin ya yi karatu da gaske talauci kuma ba a fili ba malamin dabbobi bane, to bayan da ya fara fito da aikin ilimi a cikin abokan karatunsa. A hankali, ya zama mafi kyawun ɗalibi, har ma da gaske fiye da kafin, ya fara sha'awar fasaha, lissafi da ban mamaki, abubuwan ban mamaki, rashin daidaituwa na yanayi.
Lokacin da Ishaku ya juya ya zama dan shekara 16, mahaifiyarsa ta dawo da shi ga matsalar tattalin arziki na babban dan undeji (na biyu Eydu a wannan lokaci kuma ya mutu). Duk da haka, mutumin ya yi tsunduma cikin gaskiyar cewa kayan aikin halitta da aka tsara, "haɗiye littattafai da yawa kuma rubuta waƙoƙi.
Malamin makaranta na saurayi, Mr. Stokes, da kawunsa Wildphrey Babington (wani lokaci - inda masanin kimiyyar duniya ya ziyarci makarantar, Anna Essco don ba da damar baiwa ɗan zai ci gaba da karatun su. A sakamakon kasancewa na ci gaba a cikin 1661, Ishaku ya kammala karatunta a makaranta, bayan hakan ya samu nasarar tsayar da ayyukan shiga Cambridge.
Farkon aikin kimiyya
A matsayin ɗalibi Newton yana da matsayin "Sizar". Wannan yana nufin cewa bai biya ga iliminsa ba, amma ya kamata ya yi aiki dabam-dabam a jami'a, ko samar da sabis ga ɗalibai masu arziki. Isazai yana da ƙarfin hali wannan gwajin, duk da cewa har yanzu ba a san jin daɗin zalunce ba, an lura da shi kuma bai san yadda ake yin abokai ba.
A wancan lokacin, falsafa da kimiyyar halitta a cikin sanannen Cambridge, kodayake a wancan lokacin ne aka gabatar da ayyukan kwararru, makullin da ke da karfi da sauran fitattun masana kimiyya . Ishaku Newton tare da kwaɗace da zai yiwu dukkan bayanan da zai yiwu a cikin ilimin lissafi, wato ilimin zamani, da Expitics, exonetics har ma da ka'idar kiɗa, wanda kawai zai iya samu. A lokaci guda, sau da yawa ya sauƙaƙa game da abinci da barci.
Mai Binciken Ma'aikata na Kimiyya na Kimiyya ya fara ne a cikin 1664, yana jawo jerin matsaloli 45 a rayuwar mutum da dabi'ar, waɗanda ba su warware ba. Sannan makomar dalibi tare da mai bayar da masanan lissafi Ishaku Is Isur Barrow, wanda ya fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Cibiyar Kwaleji. Bayan haka, bohrow ya zama malamin sa, da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan fewan abokai.
Ko da mafi sha'awar lissafi godiya ga malami mai baiwa, Newton ya cika gano mai nuna alama na asali, wanda ya zama abin da ya faru na farko a yankin na lissafi. A wannan shekarar, Ishaku ya karbi matsayin Bachelor.
A cikin 1665-1667, lokacin da annoba, babban wuta London da kuma yakin Landar, Newton, Newton, Newton a Wastrpe in Wastrpe in Wastrpe in Wastrpe in Wastrpe. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya aika da babban aikinsa don buɗe asirin gani. Tryoƙarin gano yadda ake adana Lenzovy daga cikin cututtukan cheromatic, masanin kimiyya ya zo ne ga nazarin watsawa. Asalin gwaje-gwajen da Ishaku ya yi a kokarin sanin yanayin jiki na duniya, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu har yanzu za su gudanar da cibiyoyin ilimi.
A sakamakon haka, Newton ya zo ga tsarin corpuscular na haske, yanke shawara cewa ana iya ɗaukar shi azaman gudummawar ƙwayoyin cuta da ke tashi daga wani tushe mai kyau zuwa ga cikas. Irin wannan samfurin kodayake ba zai iya yin da'awar rashin daidaituwa ba, amma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushe na ilimin kimar gargajiya, ba tare da wane ƙarin tunani na zamani game da abin da ya shafi jiki ya bayyana.
A kusan lokaci guda, Ishaku ya zama marubucin, wataƙila sanannen gano cewa: Dokar al'ummar duniya. Koyaya, an buga waɗannan karatun don shekarun da suka gabata, tunda masanin kimiyya bai nemi daraja ba.
Daga cikin masoya su tara hujjoji masu ban sha'awa sun dade da rashin fahimta cewa wannan ke keɓance wannan ƙa'idar kayan masarufi Newton bayan an buɗe kansa. A zahiri, Ishaku ya ba da labarin bincikensa, wanda yake da fahimta daga bayanansa da yawa. Tarihi game da apple ya shahara da ikon shahararrun masallan Voltaire a wancan zamani.
Faɗakar kimiyya
A ƙarshen 1660s, Ishaku, Ishaku ne Newacton ya koma Cambridge, inda ya karɓi matsayin Jagora, dakin rayuwarsa har ma da rukunin mataliban matasa waɗanda ke da masanin kimiyya ne. Koyaya, koyarwar ba a fili ba ce "skate" ta mai bincike, da kuma halartar laccoci da lura Chrome. A lokaci guda, masanin masanin ya ƙirƙira mai tunani, wanda ya girmama shi kuma ya yarda Newton ya shiga kungiyar Royal ta London. Ta hanyar wannan karbuwa, yawancin ilimin taurari masu ban mamaki da aka yi.
A cikin 1687, Newton wanda aka buga, watakila, aikin mafi mahimmanci aiki ne mai taken "Mathematical ya fara falalen falsafar dabi'a". Mai binciken kuma kafin hakan ya buga ayyukansa, amma wannan yana da mahimmanci Mahimmanci: Ya zama babban m mitsich da kuma ilimin ilimin lissafi gaba daya. Ya ƙunshi sanannun duniyar da aka sani na duniya, sanannun ƙa'idodin injiniyoyi, ba tare da waɗanne kimiyyar lissafi ba, babu shakku na tsarin aikin Helioriccastricus.
Dangane da matakin lissafi da na zahiri, "an fara lissafin falsafar dabi'a" mafi girman girma fiye da sakamakon dukkanin masana kimiyya wadanda suka yi aiki game da wannan matsalar ga Ishaku Newton. Babu wani abin da ba shi da izini a cikin tunani mai zurfi, dokoki marasa iyaka da kuma sanyaya magana ta Aristotle, wanda ya yi lalata da shi.
A cikin 1699, lokacin da Newton ya yi aiki a kan matsayi na gudanarwa, a Jami'ar Cambridge, ya fara koyar da tsarin duniya.
Rayuwar sirri
Mata ba haka ba a tsawon shekaru ba su nuna tausayi na musamman ga Newton ba, kuma a dukkan rayukansa, bai taba yin aure ba.
Mutuwar babban masanin kimiyya ya zo a cikin 1727, kuma kusan dukkanin London sun taru akan jana'izar sa.
Newton Dokokin
- Dokar farko ta inens: kowane jiki na sama ko kuma ya kasance cikin yanayin motsi na juyi, har sai da aikace-aikacen sojojin waje sun daidaita wannan jihar.
- Dokar ta biyu ta manko: Canjin da mai jan hankali daidai yake da ƙarfi da aka yi kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar tasirin.
- Dokar Uku na uku: Dots dige suna hulɗa da juna a cikin madaidaiciya layi, yana haɗa su, tare da daidai modulo da akasin haka a cikin shugabanci.
- Dokar Lafiya ta Duniya: ƙarfin motsin jan hankali tsakanin maki biyu daidai gwargwado a cikin kayan masarufi, kuma yana da girman kai ga gyaran gulma tsakanin wadannan abubuwan.