Tarihi
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy gudanar ba kawai don bambance-bambance na rubutu tare da sabon samfurin da aka gyara ba, har ma ƙirƙira haruffa masu haske da launuka masu launi. Tabbas, ba duk masu tsara littafi ne na littafin marubucin karatun da marubucin ba, amma yawancin san waɗanda Pierre Fierrytous da Andrei Rostosky.Tarihin halitta
A cikin 1856, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ya fara aiki akan aikin da ya mutu. Daga nan maye ya kasance yana tunanin ƙirƙirar labari wanda zai gaya wa masu karatu game da gwarzo-talatar-sumbrist, wanda aka tilasta komawa baya daular Rasha. Marubucin da ya zama dole a ɓoye wurin da labari a 1825, amma a wancan lokacin protagonist ɗan dangi ne da mutum mai girma. A lokacin da Lev Nikolayevich mamaki game da matasa na gwarzo, ba wanda ba a halalta shi da 1812.
1812 bai zama mai sauƙi ga ƙasar ba. Wakin mai kishin kasa ya fara, saboda daular Rasha ta ki da ci gaba da shinge na yau, wanda napoleon ya ga babban makami a Burtaniya. Tolstoy hurarrun lokaci mai wahala, ban da, danginsa sun halarci wadannan abubuwan tarihin.
Saboda haka, a cikin 1863, marubucin ya fara aiki akan wani labari wanda ya nuna makomar duk jama'ar Rasha. Domin kada a ba shi warwarewa ba, Lev Dangi ya dogara da ayyukan kimiyya na Alexandkykanovich, Mikhail Shcherbinovich, Mikhail Shcherbinovich, Mikhail Shcherbinovich, Mikhail Shcherbinovich, Mikhail Shcherbinovich. Sun ce don nemo wahayi, marubucin har ma da kuma ziyartar ƙauyen Borodino, inda sojojin Napoleon Bonapartte da kuma kwamandan Rasha - Shugaban Mikhail Kutuzov ya karo.
A kan babban aikinta, Tolstoy yayi aiki, shekaru bakwai kada masu toka, rubuta zanen gado dubu biyar, janye haruffa 550. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda an nuna aikin tare da halayen Falsafa, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar ikon rayuwar jama'ar Rasha a zamanin kasawa da ci gaba.
Koyaya, marubucin yana nuna binciken ruhaniya na haruffan haruffan haruffa da aka bi da halittar sa. A cikin 1871, Athanasius 'yan wasika inda lev nikolaevich ya rubuta:
"Kamar yadda nake farin ciki ... cewa ba zan taɓa zama da yawa don rubuta yawancin adadin" yaƙi "ba."Duk abin da ya taɓa magana da shi ba ya taɓa wannan ba, Roman-Epea "yaƙi ba" yaƙi ba ", wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar" Rasha ta bayyana a cikin jama'a "), tana da nasara ga jama'a. Ayyukan marubucin Rasha suka buga dukkan masu sukar cikin gida da na kasashen waje, kuma an san sabon aikin da kansa a matsayin babban aikin sabon takarda Turai.
Littafin rubutu ya ɓace ba wai kawai shirya shiri ba ne, wanda aka ɗora a cikin "lokaci-lumana", kuma a cikin "a hankali" lokaci, har ma da girman da almara na almara. Duk da yawan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, Tolstoy sun yi ƙoƙarin ba wa kowane gwarzo a kowane gwarzo.
Halayyar Andrei bolkony
Andrei Bolkonsky shine babban hali a cikin sabon labari na Leo Tolstoy "yaƙi da zaman lafiya". An san cewa haruffa da yawa a cikin wannan aikin suna da ainihin prototype, alal misali, Natasha Rostov "wanda Tatiana bers ne da 'yan'uwansa Tatievna. Amma hoton Andrei Bolkons na gama kai. Daga misalai, masu bincike suna kiran Nikolai Alokseevich Tuchkov, Lieutenant-Kyaftin sojojin Fayodor Ivanovich Tisengausen.
Mai lura da cewa da farko Andrei Bolkonsked aka shirya ta hanyar wani karamin hali wanda daga baya ya karbi mutum halaye kuma ya zama babban halin aikin. A cikin zane-zane na farko na Leo, Nikolayevich Bolkonsky ya kasance rayuwar mutum, alhali kuwa yana ba da maganganu na nazari game da misalai na ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin hali.
Haka kuma, masu karatu zasu iya gano su duka kafin samuwar halayen mutum da canji a cikin halayen gwarzon. Masu bincike sun hada da tlocackracy na ruhaniya: wannan saurayin yana gina sana'a, yana jagorantar rayuwar mutum, amma ba zai iya nuna rashin kulawa da matsalolin al'umma ba.
Andrey Bolkons ya bayyana a gaban masu karatu azaman saurayi mai kyau na karamin girma da kuma bushewar bushewa. Ya ƙi jama'a da munafukai na duniya, amma ya zo ga kwallaye da sauran al'amuran da suka faru saboda kare hakkin:
"Shi, a fili, duk abin da na farko a cikin falo ba su saba da kawai ba, amma sun gaji sosai cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci a saurare su."Bolkonsky wanda ke nufin matarsa Lisa, amma lokacin da ta mutu, saurayin ya zargi kansa da cewa ya yi sanyi tare da matarsa kuma bai biya shi sosai ba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa lev nikolayevich, wanda ya san yadda za a gano mutum da yanayi, yana bayyana asalin Andrei Bolkonsky a cikin gefen Oak a gefen gefen hanya, wata alama ce ta ciki jihar yarima Andrei.
Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, zaki Nikolayevich Tolstoy sanya wannan gwarzo tare da halaye na jini a cikin fagen fama, amma a zahiri ma'anar taurin aure kuma rayuwa ta kasa. Mai taken ya rasa ma'anar rayuwa, ya sake fatan mafi kyawu, gina raga da kuma nasarorin su.
Andrei Nikolayevich ya karanta Napoleon, ya kuma kawo wa sojojinsa ya yi nasara, amma makomar da aka yiwa rauni, amma an isar da gwarzon aikin zuwa asibiti. Daga baya, yariman ya fahimci cewa farin ciki ba ya cikin nasara da kuma misalan daraja, amma a cikin yara da rayuwar iyali. Amma, abin takaici, bolkonkins ne wanzuwar gazawa: Yana jira ba kawai mutuwar matar ba ne, har ma da cin amana da Natasha Rostova.
"Yaki da zaman lafiya"
Aikin littafin, wanda ya gaya wa abokantaka da cin amana, fara ziyartar Anna Pavlovna Shersher, inda duk hasken hasken St. Petersburg zai iya tattauna manufofi da rawar da na Napoleon a yakin. Lev Nikolayeviclis ya bayyana wannan salon da na karya da "FAGOVSKY jama'a", wanda aka bayyana alama mai kyau wanda yake nuna shi a cikin aikin sa "with" (1825). A cikin salon anna pavlovna kuma yana bayyana a gaban masu karatu Andrei Nikolaevich.
Bayan cin abincin rana da fanko na fellow, Andrei ya tafi ƙauye ga Uba, ya kuma bar wa mijinsa mai ciki Bald a cikin kula da 'yar uwa mai kula da ita. A cikin 1805, Andrei Nolayevich ya tafi yaƙin da Napoleon, inda yake aiki a matsayin adjutant kurcov. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na jini, gwarzo ya ji rauni, bayan da aka kai shi asibiti.
Bayan dawo da gida, yariman Andrew yana jiran m labarai mara dadi: a lokacin haihuwa, matarsa La ta mutu. Bolkonsky ta shiga cikin bacin rai. Yaƙin ya yi wa masanin abin da yake bi da abokinsa ya yi sanyi amma bai nuna girmamawa ba a gare ta. Daga nan Yarima Andrei sake ya faɗi cikin ƙauna, wanda ya taimaka masa kawar da mummunan yanayi.
A wannan karon Natasha Rostov ya zama shugaban saurayin saurayin. Bolkons ya ba da shawarar hannunta da zuciya ga yarinyar, amma tunda mahaifinsa ya yi yaƙi da irin wannan mutanen Meshes, aure ya zama shekara guda. Natasha, wanda ba zai iya rayuwa shi kaɗai ba, ya fara kuskure kuma ya fara sabon labari tare da lover na rayuwa mai ban tsoro ta hanyar Anatola Kucarun.
Takalma ya aiko da wasiƙar Bolkonsy tare da ƙi. Irin wannan lamarin ya faru da raunin da aka raunana Andrei Nikolayevich, wanda yayi mafarkin kiran kishiya a kan duel. Don jan hankali daga soyayya da ba ta dace da ruhaniya ba, yariman ya fara aiki tuƙuru da kuma sadaukar da kansa ga sabis. A cikin 1812, Bolkonson sun halarci yakin da napoleon da lokacin yaƙin Borodino ya ji rauni a ciki.
A halin yanzu, dangin girma suka motsa zuwa ga mallakar Moscow, inda mahalarta taron suke. Daga cikin sojoji masu rauni, Natasha Rostov tajin yaridace Andrew da kuma lura cewa ba a cika ƙaunar a cikin zuciyarta ba. Abin takaici, Lafiyar Bolksky na Lafiya ya dace da rayuwa, don haka yariman ya mutu a hannun Matan Natasha da Shugaba Mata Maryamu.
Aiki da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo
Roman Li Nikolayevich Tolstoy fiye da sau ɗaya kariya daga shahararrun daraktoci: Aikin marubuci na Rasha da aka saba wa Avid Kinomans har ma a cikin Hollywood. Lallai, finafinai saita akan wannan littafin ba za a iya ƙidaya akan yatsunsu ba, don haka za mu lissafa wasu fina-finai.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (fim, 1956)
A shekara ta 1956, darektan Sarki ya sha wahala a cikin zaki Tolstoy zuwa hotunan allo. Fim ba ya banbanta da littafin asali. Ba abin mamaki ba a cikin yanayin asali akwai shafuka 506, wanda shine sau biyar girman girman rubutun. Harbin ya faru ne a Italiya, wasu abubuwan da aka yi fim a Rome, Felonic da Pinerolo.
A cikin ingantaccen simintin da aka haɗa da taurari na Hollywood. Natasha Rosterov ya buga Audrey Hepburn, an sake farfadowa a cikin Pierre Zuhovov, kuma a matsayin Bolkons ya bayyana.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (fim, 1967)
Chills na Rasha ba a bayan abokan aikinsu na kasashen waje ba a cikin bitar ba kawai ta hanyar "Hoto" ba, har ma da kasafin kudin. Darakta Sergey Bondaciuk ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru don hoto mafi girma a cikin tarihin Silma na Soviet.
A cikin fim, ana ganin fim ɗin ba kawai shirin ba ne kawai, kuma game da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ta yaya: Sergey Bondaciuk ya yi amfani da sabon harbi na wasan kwaikwayo na wancan lokacin. Matsayin Andrei Bolkonsky ya sami Actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov. Lyudmila Ajiyayyun, Kira Golovko, Oleg Tabakov, Olegasia Vertinskaya, Anastasia Vertinskaya, Nikolai Trofimov da sauran kuma ana wasa a hoto.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (jerin talabijin, 2007)
Daraktan Jamus na Robert Dandgelm kuma sun tsunduma cikin wahayin aikin zaki Tolstoy, samar da fim tare da labarin labarin. Haka kuma, Robert ya tafi daga canons cikin sharuddan bayyanar manyan haruffa, alal misali, Mawakan Mawallafin Natasha) ya bayyana ga masu kallo mai haske tare da idanu masu shuɗi.
Hoton Andrei Bolkonky ya je wurin wasan dan wasan Italiya, wanda aka tuna da fim din a kan fina-finai "fashi" (1993), "Bayan hadari" (20093), "Dracula" (2002) da sauran zane-zane.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (jerin talabijin, 2016)
A cewar "The Guardian" Bango, mazaunan Mistany, mazaunan Mistany ya fara siyan ainihin asalin na zaki Nikolayevich Tolstoym.
Ka'idojin da aka saba da su shida na sabon labari yana nuna masu sauraron dangantakar soyayya, kusan ba lokacin da suka faru a kan masarautar ba. James Bolkons na Andrei an yi shi ne da James Bolkons, ya raba dandamali na harbi da bene James.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Lev Nikolayevich bai yi la'akari da aikinsa na cumbersome ba kuma ya yi imani da cewa sabon labari "ya ƙare da wani yanayi daban. Koyaya, marubucin bai taɓa tunanin ra'ayin sa ba.
- A cikin fim "yaƙi da zaman lafiya" (1956), kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su fiye da ɗakunan sojoji ɗari, waɗanda aka yi bisa ga kwatancen asalin zamanin Bonaparte.
- A cikin sabon labari "yaƙi da zaman lafiya", da falsafa ra'ayoyin marubucin da guda na tarihin sa aka gano. Marubucin bai so a cikin jama'ar Moscow ba kuma yana da lahani na ruhaniya. Lokacin da matar ba ta cika whims duka ba, bisa ga jita-jita, Lev Nikolayevich ya yi "zuwa hagu". Sabili da haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa haruffansa, kamar kowane mutum, suna da fasali mara kyau.
- Hoton King viors bai saki da daraja daga ga jama'a na Turai ba, amma ya zama shahararrun shahararrun ƙungiyar Tarayyar Soviet.