Tari
Napoleon Bonoparta ya kasance mai kwamandan kwamandan, jami'in diflomasiyya, sanyaya kwarai da hankali, abin mamaki da ingantaccen aiki. Dukkan zamanin da ake kira da shi a bayansa, kuma ayyukansa ya zama babban zamanin nan. Dokokinsa na soja suna cikin litattafan litattafai, kuma ka'idojin dimokiradiyya sun ta'allaka ne kan "dokar yamma.
Matsayi a tarihin france na frrance na wannan halayen kwatankwacin halin da ba alama ce. A Spain da Rasha, ana kiransa maƙiyin Kristi, kuma wasu masu bincike suna ɗaukar ɗan Afpoleon kaɗan daga jaruma.
Yaro da matasa
Kwamandan kwamandan, mai jihohi, Sarkin Napoleon I Bonaparte ya kasance ɗan ƙasa na corsoica. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 1769 aka haife shi a garin Ajaccio a cikin matalauta dangin. Iyayen sarki na gaba suna da yara takwas. Uba Carlo Diguartte ya jagoranci dokar aikin, mahaifiyar Lamirinoa, nee Ramolino, ya tayar da yara. Ta kasa, sun kasance corsicans. Bonoparde shine sigar shahararrun sunan mahaifin Corsipan.
Tarihinsa rubuce-rubucensa da ingantaccen tarihi sun koyar a gida, cikin shekaru shida an basu makaranta, a cikin shekaru goma-dan shekaru - zuwa kwalejin Odinis, inda yaron ya ci gaba. Bayan koleji ya ci gaba da karatu a makarantar soja Barryna. A cikin 1784 ya shiga makarantar sakandare na Paris. A karshen, taken na ba da labari kuma daga 1785th yana aiki a manyan bindigogi.
A farkon matasa, Napoleon ya rayu da sannu, ya fond na adabi da harkokin soja. A cikin 1788, kasancewa a Corsaica, ya halarci Corsica, ya halarci ci gaban kare dangi, sun yi aiki a wani rahoto ga kungiyar maria, da sauransu. Ya yi la'akari da aikin adanonin yana aiki paramount, yana fatan zama sananne a wannan filin.
Tare da sha'awar ya karanta littattafai a tarihi, labarin ƙasa, girman kudaden shiga na jihar, suna aiki akan falsafar dokokin Turai, yana da ra'ayoyi kan alakashi, da kuma Abbot reynal. Ya rubuta labarin CORSICA, labarin "hira game da soyayya", "da annabin da annabin ya bayyana" kuma yana jagorantar diary.
Rubuce-rubucen Yarinyar Bashiarte sai wanda ya kasance a cikin rubuce rubucen. A cikin wadannan ayyukan, marubucin ya bayyana mummunan motsin rai dangane da Faransa, la'akari da shi The Esllave na Corsica, da kuma ƙaunar mahaifarsa. Sabon bayanan da ke cikin Napoleon sune tint na siyasa da kuma permeated da juyin juya hali.
Bonapart ta Turawa na Faransa Bonaparte ya gana da himma, a cikin 1792 ya shiga kulob din Jacobin. Bayan nasara bisa Birtaniyar Burtaniya don kama Toudon a cikin 1793, an girmama taken babban yankin Brigade. Wannan ya zama mai juyawa a cikin tarihin sa, bayan wannan mummunan aikin soja ya fara.
A shekara ta 1795, Napoleon ya bambanta da hanzari ta tawayen masu sarauta, bayan da aka nada ƙungiyar sojojin. Yaƙin yakar da Italiya ya yi a cikin umarninsa ya nuna baiwa bisa ga talatin, ya kuma ɗaukaka shi ga duniya gaba daya. A cikin 1798-1799, directory ya tura shi gudun hijirar da ta kashe Siriya da Misira.
Wasannin ya ƙare da shan kashi, amma ba a la'akari da gazawa ba. Ya bar sojoji don yaƙar Rashanci a ƙarƙashin umarnin Suvorov. A cikin 1799, Janar Bonaparte ya dawo Paris. Yanayin Directory a wannan lokacin tuni a ganiya na rikicin.
Siyasar ta cikin gida
Bayan juyin mulkin da shela na ofishin jakadancin a 1802, ya zama cacul, kuma a cikin 1804 - sarki. A wannan shekarar, tare da halartar musulinci, an buga sabon lambar jama'a, wanda shine tushen dokar Roman.
Manufar Cikin Cikin Ciniki ya gudanar da shi, wanda, a cikin maganarsa, ya tabbatar da kiyaye juyin juya halin Musulunci. Yana gudanar da gyare-gyare a fagen doka da gudanarwa. Sun dauki sauye sauye sauye a cikin doka da gudanarwa. Wani ɓangare na waɗannan abubuwan sababbin saben kuma yanzu sun cika aikin jihohi. Napoleon ya daina tashin hankali. An yarda da doka, yana samar da 'yancin dukiya. 'Yan ƙasa na Faransa an san su daidai da haƙƙishi da dama.
An sanya mayaffi da ƙauyuka, an kirkire bankin Faransa. Timutawar tattalin arzikin ya fara, wanda ba zai iya yin farin ciki da matalauta yawan jama'a ba. Sets a cikin sojoji sun yarda su sami matalauta. Filayen sun bude cikin kasar. A lokaci guda, cibiyar sadarwar 'yan sanda sun fadada, sashen asiri da aka samu,' yan jaridu sun kasance mai tsauri. A hankali akwai maidawa ga tsarin mulkin gwamnati.
Muhimmin taron ga hukumomin Faransa an kammala tare da Paparoma na Roman, godiya ga wanda aka amince da hukumomin kasashen bonopartore a maimakon yin addinin na mafi yawan 'yan kasa. Al'umma dangane da sarki ya kasu kashi biyu. Wani ɓangare na 'yan ƙasa sun ba da labarin cewa Napoleonon ya ci amanar juyin juya halin, amma Bonaparte kansa ya yi imani cewa shi ne magajin ra'ayoyinta.
Manufofin Harkokin Waje
Fakindon jirgin na Napolon ya yi wa wani lokaci, lokacin da aka samu labarin Faransa tare da Austria da Ingila. Sabon kamfen na kasar Italiyanci ya cire barazanar daga iyakokin Faransa. Sakamakon tashin hankali shi ne subordindin na kusan dukkanin kasashen Turai. A cikin yankuna da ba a haɗa a Faransa ba, an kirkiro Sarkin Mulkin Mulkin, wanda sarakunansu membobin danginsa ne. Rasha, Prussia da Aussia suna rufe ƙungiyar.
Da farko, an fahimci Napoleon a matsayin Mai Ceto Uwargida. Mutane suna alfahari da nasarorin da ya samu, kasar tana da hauhawar kasa. Amma yakin shekaru 20 na gaji. Bonapartte ya yi shela, bonaparte, wanda ya haifar da tattalin arzikin Ingila, masana'antar haske, ta tilasta Brithasar Ingila ta daina bin dangantaka da kasashen Turai. Rikicin da aka buga biranen Findrance na Faransa, isar da kayayyakin mulkin mallaka da aka dakatar da su wanda a Turai ya riga ya saba da shi. Hatta farfajara ta Faransa ta sha wahala daga rashin kofi, sugar, shayi.
Rikicin tattalin arzikin ya tsananta da lamarin na 1810. Boygeoisie ba ya son kashe kudi a kan yakin, tun lokacin da barazanar kai hari kan wasu kasashe ya kasance cikin nisa. Ta fahimci cewa manufar manufofin kasashen sarki ita ce fadada ikon mallaka da kuma kariya ta bukatun daular.
Farkon Wreck na Daular ya kasance 1812, lokacin da sojojin Rasha suka ci kariyar sojojin napoleonic. Halittar da anti haddangin sojojin da aka hada, wanda ya hada Rasha, Austria, Prussia da Sweden, a cikin 1814 ya rushe daular. A wannan shekara ta ci Faransanci kuma ta shiga Paris.
Napoleon ya lalata kursiyin, amma an kiyaye matsayin sarki a bayansa. An kirayi shi da tsibirin Elba a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum. Koyaya, Sarkin tunani ya zauna har tsawon lokaci.
'Yan Faransawa na Faransawa da sojoji sun gamsu da yanayin, suna tsoron dawowar burbones da nililin. Bonaparte yana sa tserewa da Maris 1, 1815 ya koma Paris, inda aka sadu da shi ta hanyar ra'ayoyi masu himma. Ayyukan soja an sake yin hakan. A cikin tarihi, wannan lokacin ya shiga matsayin "kwanaki ɗari." Kasar karshe ta sojojin na baki tapolenic ta faru ne a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1815 bayan yaƙin a Waterloo.
Sarkin da ke zaman fursuna a fursuna a fursuna na Ingila kuma an mayar da shi zuwa mahadar. A wannan karon ya sami kansa a cikin Tekun Atlantika a tsibirin St. Helena, inda ta rayu da wani shekaru 6. Amma ba duk Birtaniyya ke bi da Birtaniyya ba. A cikin 1815, George Byron, ya burge shi da mai mulkin sarki, ya kirkiri sake zagayowar 'napoleonicic a cikin wakoki biyar, bayan da aka zage shi a cikin nonpatsarity. Daga cikin Birtaniyya akwai wani fan na Napoleon - Princess Charllotte, 'yar na gaba George Iv, saboda goyon baya da aka kirga a wani lokaci, amma ya mutu a shekara ta 1817 yayin haihuwa.
Rayuwar sirri
Napoleon Bonoparte daga wani matashi ya bambanta da ɗan ƙaramin ɗan lokaci. Akasin mashahurin imani, haɓakar Napoleon ya fi ma'anonin da ake ciki a waɗancan shekarun - 168 cm, wanda ba zai iya jawo hankalin hankalin da ake gaban jima'i ba. Abubuwan naman kaza, hali, abin da ke bayyane akan Yesu ya gabatar a cikin hanyar hoto, ya haifar da sha'awar matan da ke kusa da shi.
Farkon ƙaunataccen, wanda wani saurayi ya bayarwa, shine muradin shekaru 16-Clara. Amma a wancan lokacin, aikinsa a Paris ya fara bunkasa cikin sauri, da Napoleon bai yi tsayayya da fara'a na Paris ba. A babban birnin Faransa, bonaparte sun fi so su fara litattafai da mata tsofaffi.
Muhimmin lamari na rayuwar mutum na Napoleon, wanda aka gudanar a 1796, ya kasance aurenta a Jose Bogarne. Beloved bono ya girmi shekaru 6. An haife ta ne a cikin gidan masana'antu a tsibirin Martinique a cikin Caribbean. Daga shekara 16, ta yi aure da Vicontite Alexander de Bogarne, haifaffe biyu. Shekaru shida bayan da aka raba, an raba tare da matansa kuma lokaci daya ya rayu a Paris, sannan a gidan Uba. Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, 1789 ya sake tafiya Faransa. A cikin Paris, tsohuwar mijinta an tallafa shi ne, a wannan lokacin ne ake gudanar da babban matsayi na siyasa. Amma a cikin 1794, an kashe vocots, da Josephine kanta da ke kurkuku.
Bayan shekara guda, Ina woinging 'yanci, Josephine ya sadu da bonopartte, wanda ba shahara sosai. Dangane da wasu bayanai, a lokacin Dating, ta kunshi dangantakar soyayya da sannan ta kasance mai mulkin Faransa, amma bai hana shi zama a bikin aure na Bonapartte da kuma shaidar Josephine ba. Bugu da kari, Barrasi ya yi korafin matsayin ango na shugaban sojojin Italiya na Jamhuriyar.
Masu bincike suna jayayya cewa masoya suna da masoya masu yawa. An haife su daga Faransa akan ƙananan tsibirai, koyan hana kai, ya zauna a kurkuku, duka biyu sun kasance masu mafarki. Bayan bikin auren, Napoleon ya tafi matsayin sojojin Italiya, Josephine ya kasance a cikin Paris. Bayan kamfen na Italiya, sai aka aika Bonoartte zuwa Misira. Har yanzu Yusufu ba ta bi da mijinta ba, amma ya ji daɗin rayuwar duniya a babban birnin Faransa.
A cikin kishi, Napoleon ya fara fara da kuka fi so. Dangane da kimantawar masu bincike, na Napoleon ya fi ƙaunataccen na Napoleon daga 20 zuwa 50. An bi da misalai da yawa, wanda ya kai ga fitowar magada. An san shi kusan biyu - Alexander Calevsky da Charles Leone. Halwa na shafi-valevsky ya tsira har wa yau. Uwar Alexander ya zama 'yar ɗan Poland Ariisto Mariya Valevskaya.
Josephine kasa da yara, haka a 18a na Napoleon ya sake ta. Da farko, Bonoparte ya shirya yin asali tare da dangin sarki na Romanov. Ya tambayi hannun Anna Pavlovna daga dan uwanta Alexander I. Amma sarki Rasha ba ya son rush don sarauta ba mai mulkin ba na sarauta ba. A cikin hanyoyi da yawa, waɗannan rikice-rikicen da suka shafi sanyawar dangantaka tsakanin france da Rasha. Napoleon a asashe 'yar sarki Maria-Louise, wanene a 1811 ta haife shi magajin. Ba a yarda da wannan aure ba.
Abin mamaki, daga baya, josephine daga baya, kuma ba napoleon ya zama Sarkin Faransa. Zuriyarta tana mulkin Denmark, Belgium, Norway, Sweden da Luxembourg. Mutanen Aljanu bai ragu kamar yadda ɗansa ba shi da 'ya'ya, amma da kansa ya mutu tare da saurayi.
Bayan bincika tsibirin Elba Bonopartte, yana tsammanin ganin mijin mijin kusa da shi, amma Maria-Louise ya tafi mallakin mai shi. Maria Valevskaya ta isa Bonaparte tare da ɗanta. Koyarwa Faransa, Napoleon yayi mafarkin ganin ganin Maryamu louise, amma sarki bai sami amsa ga dukkan haruffa da aka aiko zuwa Austria.
Mutuwa
Bayan shan kashi na Worloroo Bonoparte Dorotal Lokaci akan tsibirin St. Elena. Shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarsa cike da wahala daga cutar mara hankali. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1821, Napoleon Ina Bonague ya mutu, yana da shekara 52.
A cewar wani nau'in, sanadin mutuwa ya kasance oncology, a gefe guda - artenic guba. Masu bincike waɗanda ke riƙe da juzu'in cutar kansa da sakamakon maganin autopsy, da kuma zuwa ga ƙiyayya na bonafaro, wanda mahaifinsa ya mutu game da ciwon kansa. Sauran masana tarihi sun ambaci cewa kafin mutuwa, Tolttie Tolttie. Kuma ya zama alamar guba ta guba na Arsenic, tunda marasa lafiya suna rasa nauyi tare da oncology. Bugu da kari, a cikin gashin sarki daga baya, burbushi na Arsenic na babban taro da aka saukar.
A cewar nufin Napolonon, ragowar sa a fannin Faransa a shekara ta 1840, wanda aka sauya a gidan Paris tare da nakasa a cikin babban taro. A kusa da kabarin tsohon sarki Faransa ya nuna zane zane da aka yi da Jean Jacques Prider.