Tari
Tikhon Khrennikov - Soviet mawaki, mawaki, malami, yabon na sa umarni, shugaban na mawaki jam'iyya daga 1948 zuwa 1991. The author of music ga fina-finai "Pinag da Shepherd", "Hussar Ballad", "A karfe shida da yamma bayan da yaki."Yaro da matasa
Tikhon Nikolayevich Khrennikov Rod daga birnin Elts Orlovskaya lardin, inda ya aka haife kan Yuni 10, 1913. Yaron ya zama goma yaro a cikin iyali na Nikolai Nikolayevich, m magatakarda, da kuma matan aure Barbara Vasilyevna.
All tanadi iyaye kashe a 'ya'yansu, musamman a cikin sha'anin ilimi. Musamman da hankali da aka biya zuwa music: dukkan yan uwa sun musitis, Tikhon basira taka leda garaya, ya rera a cikin makaranta chore, kuma a 9 shekara koya yi wasa da Piano.
A cikin shekaru 13, a ƙãra matashi hada farko etude, sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga kwaikwaiyo, Wals da zanga. A shekara daga baya, Tikhon aka bayar da shawara da Mikhail Gnesin. Maestro shawarar da yaron ya digiri na biyu daga makaranta da kuma bayan cewa farkon karatu music a cikin babban birnin kasar. Riga sa'an nan a da'irar fi so composers na Tikhon aka kafa. Suka zama Johann Sebastian Bach, Peter Tchaikovsky da kuma Littafi Khrennikov - Sergey Prokofiev.
Khrennikov lashe Council da kuma a 1929 ya shiga fasaha makaranta, inda ya shiga a cikin aji na piano daga E. Gelman, kuma a cikin aji na abun da ke ciki - M. F. Gnesin. Bayan kammala karatu daga Gnesinka, da talented makadi da aka soma a kan na biyu Hakika na Conservatory, inda ya yi karatu a Vissarion Shebalina da Heinrich Nigauz har 1936. A matsayin dalibi, ya fara aiki ayyuka a cikin ganuwar da Moscow Yara wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya jagoranci Natalia Sats.
By lokacin kammala karatu, Tikhon Krrennikov gabatar a gaban kotu, a gaban kotu, na farko bututun sauti. The aiki ya zama mashahuri a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet, daga baya da shi da aka kunshe a cikin sharhin na American conductors na Leopold na Ukraine da kuma Yujina Ormandi.
Symphony kuma ya zama na samun digiri aikin na mawaki. An ban sha'awa facts na biography na Khrennikov tana nufin al'amarin da cewa ya faru ga karshe jarrabawa. The kawai jarrabawa direba wanda ya riga ya kasance rare a lokacin da mawaki lamba "Good," ya zama Sergey Prokofiev, Shugaban Hukumar. Tun da asali Tikhon Khrennikov fatan a kan wani ja diploma, sa'an nan Blue ya kawai bai je. Bayan wani lokaci, Scientific majalisar Conservatory ya canza shawarar da hukumar da kuma bayar da wani digiri na biyu tare da karrama.
Kiɗa
An fara daga tsakiyar 30s na Khrennikov - mafi m mawaki na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya rubuta music, sanar da concerted, aka sani a mahaifarsa da kuma kasashen waje.
A shekara ta farko da ta m aiki na Krrennikov aka alama ta bayyanar da wani shagali domin piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa, music da Wakhtangov bakan "Mutane da yawa surutu na Babu wani abu", Sonatas for Violin da Cello, guda domin Piano. Romances bayyana a cikin ayoyi na Alexander Pushkin da ayar Sergey Yesenin "Birch".
A farko da manyan mataki aiki a cikin ayyukan Tikhon Khrennikov zama wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "a cikin hadari", wanda ya ga hasken a 1939. Shi ne sananne ga cewa a karon farko a wasan opera scene, da adadi na shugaban duniya proletariat na Vladimir Lenin ya bayyana.
A wartime, Tikhon Krrennikov biya da hankali ga samar da songs, daga cikinsu da "song game da Moscow Girl" da aka jera, "Song game da sada zumunci" da waqe na Agnia Barto, "Serenada", "Farewell", "Sabuwar Shekara ta Song". A daidai wannan lokaci, na biyu taron makada bayyana, wanda asali ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin waƙar yabon Allah da matasa, amma yaki yi sabawa. A karo na farko, da modified taron makada da aka yi a kan All-Union Radio a 1944 yi da Big Orchestra karkashin iko da Nikolai Golovanov.
Creativity Tikhon Hrennikova ne kaifin magana da matakai abin da ke faruwa a kasar, rãyukansu da kuma makomar 'yan kasarta. Gyaran rabo, wanda shi ne karkashin laimar Joseph Stalin, da mawaki riƙe da bangaskiya a cikin haske nan gaba, shugabannin yi wa'adi ga Soviet mutane. Ya music aka impregnated da haske fata, shi ne kamar culmination na fatan na talakawa mutane.
A lokaci guda, da dogon shekaru na rayuwar Hrennikov aka dangantawa da harkokinsa a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Composers. Ya kasance ba a kan wani yawa tarurruka, inda mambobi ne na Politburo da kuma Comrade Stalin kansa peaked daga cikin rabo na talakawa mutãne misã, kuma Tikhon Khrennikov "buga daga" Stalin ta awards ga masu kida da composers.
Mutane da yawa jĩfar Tikhon Nikolayevich a cikin kyautatuwa Stalinist gwamnatin, a hare-haren a kan nasu abõkan tarayya da kuma malamai: Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Khachaturian. Composers-avant-gardeists sun sa'an nan da aka tsananta, wanda bai dace a cikin ra'ayi na "mai haske nan gaba kwaminisanci".
A wani yawan tambayoyi, Tikhon Khrennikov rushe al'amari na idealization na Stalin, amma ba a akidar gurguzu. Ya gaske imani da cewa Soviet art kubutar "low jini", da kuma lashe kida wanda ya zo a cikin disfavor a gaban shugaba da kuma gwamnatoci. Amma da mawaki da kansa ya zama batun da kai hare-hare na abokan aiki. Paskili satirical abun ciki da aka halitta a kan shi, da kuma mawallafa sau da yawa ya zama wanda Tikhon Khrennikov baya kare.
A Arsenal Tikhon Nikolayevich yawa lambobin yabo da lakabi, ciki har da uku Stalinist premiums, biyu - jihar da kuma daya - Leninsky, kazalika da lakabi na jama'ar kasar Artist na RSFSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, da dama, wasu girmamawa lakabi da lambar yabo.
Khrennikov rubuta music zuwa talatin fina-finai. Daga cikin rare fina-finai, a cikin abin da ayyukan Tikhon Khrennikov an busa, "Pinwork da Shepherd", "a karfe shida da yamma bayan da yaki," "jirgin kasa ke zuwa gabas." The music na mawaki aka yi amfani a cikin shahararrun Comedy na Eldar Ryazanov "Hussarskaya Ballad" tare da Larisa Bulisk da kuma Yuri Yakovlev a high matsayin. Overture ya rare for Duenäya fim.
A cikin 70s, da mawaki samar da wani yawan ballets. Wannan shi ne ayyukan da "soyayya ga soyayya", "Hussarskaya Ballad", halitta a kan riga aka sani m abu.
A mawaki bai bar rana ta ƙarshe. A shekarar 2000, Tikhon Khrennikov rubuce da dama songs, guda domin Piano, Waltz "Tatianin Day" ga Symphony Orchestra. Daga cikin latest ayyukansu sun music ga kasada m "gwarazansa biyu" da kuma jerin "Moscow windows".
Rayuwar sirri
A sirri rai na mawaki tafi kusan kamar yadda smoothly kamar yadda ya m aiki. Tikhon Khrennikov ya kasance da aminci ga kawai matar Clara Arnoldna Vaks, tare da abin da ta rayu shekaru 67 da haihuwa, ko da yake ya aka yaushe kewaye da masoya na fans. Clara yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida a farfaganda na jama'a na composers. A lokacin Dating tare da Tikhon, ta kasance aure, baicin, ya ya girmi nan gaba matayen 4 years. Na dogon lokaci, da yarinya bai yarda wani saki, tare da baya miji, amma mawaki bai daina.
Samar music to kwaikwayon na Shakespeare play, da romance "kamar Nightingale game Rose" Tikhon sadaukar da nan gaba mata. Sauraren aiki, Clara zauna m, kuma masõyansa kusan yayi musu. A wannan yamma, Khrennikov rewrote da play sake don haka da cewa ta samu wani fitacciyar.
Don duba ji na your ƙaunataccen, Tikhon Khrennikov, tare da abokai, Vasily Solovyov-toka da kuma Ivan Dzerzhinsky taka leda da scene a gaban Clara ta gida da kuma ta tsohon mijinta Boris. Gwarazansa Tikhon sa a mayar da wurin zama daga cikin mota da kuma garzaya zuwa cikin wani gidan da ya kuwata cewa mawaki mutu. A yarinya gudu daga a kan titi tare da kalmomin da "Tishhenka, Favorite", ba biya da hankali ga mijinta da kuma uwa-in-doka.
Bayan bikin aure a 1940, da matasa 'yar Natalia aka haife. Daga baya, da yarinya samu wani art ilimi, samu aiki a cikin majalisar Theater Boris Pokrovsky, aure Igor Kocareva. Dan da aka haife dan Andrei, wanda ya sauke karatu daga baya fiye da MGIMO.
Jikan Tikhon Khrennikov zama mahaliccin kafuwar sunansa. Andrei Kokarev saki da anthology na ayyukan Tikhon Khrennikov, kazalika da rare records da songs a cikin kisa da mawaki. Daga cikin ayyukan Andrei ne wani littafin game da rayuwar da kaka, inda rare iyali photos na krarennikov fadi.
Yara hudu da aka haife shi a iyali na Andrei - Babban Victoria da kuma Tikhon, ƙaramin Arina da kuma Artem. Tikhon zama magaji na m hadisai hõrarru mahaifin kakansa. The saurayi ƙware da mawaki fasaha. Ya sauke karatu daga 2012 zuwa Moscow Conservatory tare da karrama, zama mafi kyau digiri na shekara. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da kakan kaka, Tikhon rubuta a play ga cello "ba har abada".
Mutuwa
Tikhon Nikolayevich mutu a Moscow a shekarar 2007, bayan wani gajeren cuta. The jana'izar da aka gudanar a 'yan ƙasar Yel, kabari ne a cikin farfajiyar gidan inda mahaifansa biyu rayu.
A shekara daga baya, wani abin tunawa da aka kafa a garinsu na mawaki.
Aiki
- 1933 - for piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa lambar 1
- 1935 - Symphony lambar 1
- 1939 - Opera "a cikin hadari"
- 1944 - Symphony yawan 2
- 1954 - Songs "Boat", "Za mu gaya muku", "cewa haka da zuciya ne razoring", "Song na aminci abokai" (duk a kan Sl. M. L. Matusovsky)
- 1957 - Mother Opera
- 1959 - for goge tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa lambar 1
- 1960 - Moscow windows (Sl. M. L. Matusovsky)
- 1964 - for cello tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa lambar 1
- 1974 - Symphony yawan 3
- 1976 - Ballet "Love for love"
- 1983 - Opera "Dorothea"
- 1988 - Opera "Naked Sarki"
- 1999 - "Captain 'Yar"