Tari
Mikhail Glinka ne a Rasha mawaki, ya kafa na Rasha National Opera, marubucin na duniya shahara operas "Life ga sarki" ( "Ivan Susanin") da kuma "Ruslan da Lyudmila".
Glinka Mikhail Ivanoovich an haife shi ne a cikin asalin gidansa a cikin yankin smolensk yankin a ranar 2004 1 Yuni) na 1804. Mahaifinsa shi ne zuriyar da Yaren mutanen Poland na Gentry na Gentry. Iyaye na masarufi na gaba da aka lissafa juna. Mahaifiyar Mikhail Evgeniy Andree Eveniy Andree Dinkya - Zemka wani 'yar'uwar mahaifinsa - Ivan Nikolayvic Glata.
Yaron ya kasance mai raɗaɗi da rauni. Shekarun farko na rayuwarsa na farko na rayuwarsa ya kasance cikin shekaru goma goma na rayuwarsa, mahaifiyar Fetha Alexandrovna. Kakariya ta kasance mai ban tsoro da tsananin wahala, noma a cikin yaro wani yanayi da juyayi. Ya karanci jikan mai funla Alexandrovna a gida. Yaron na farko ya bayyana da yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana cewa yaron ya bayyana a farkon yara lokacin da ya yi kokarin kwaikwayi karar kararrawa tare da taimakon daddare gida gida.
Bayan mutuwar kakarta, mahaifiyarsa ta dauki ilimin Mikhail. Ta shirya ɗa a cikin tsarin kula da St. Petersburg, a cikin abin da yara masu daraja ne kawai suka yi nazari. A can Mikhail ya sadu da overkin da ɗan'uwansa dattijo. Alexander Sergeevich ya ziyarci dangi kuma ya san shi na kusa, ɗayan ɗayan shine Mikhail Glinka.
A cikin gidan baƙo, mai rikitarwa na gaba ya fara ɗaukar darussan kiɗa. Malamin da ya fi so shi ne Pianist Carer Mayer. Glinka ta tuna cewa wannan malami ya rinjayi wannan malami na dandano na ɗanɗano. A cikin 1822, Mikhail ya sauke karatu daga karatu a gidan shiga. A ranar sakin, ya hada tare da Mayer Mayer a fili ya yi wani kide kide na gummel don Piano. Magana ya yi nasara.
Carier fara
Abubuwan farko na Glina na Glinka suna cikin lokacin saki daga mai ba da shawara. A cikin 1822, mikhail Ivanovich ya zama marubucin romance. Ofayansu "Kada ku raira waƙa, kyakkyawa, tare da ni" an rubuta shi a kan ayoyin Alexander Canjin. Dan wasan mai ban sha'awa tare da mawaƙin da ya faru yayin da yake karatu, amma fewan 'yan shekaru bayan sakin Glinka daga ma'aikatan, matasa sun zama abokai a kan bukatun gama gari.
Mikhail Ivanovich, tun lokacin da ake musanta karami, an rarrabe shi da rashin lafiya. A cikin 1923, ya je wurin Caucasus don yin magani tare da ruwan ma'adinai. A nan ne ya yaba shimfidar wurare, jihohi na gida da kuma kirkirar al'adun mutane, sun tsunduma cikin lafiya. Bayan ya dawo daga Caucasus, Mikhail Ivanovich kusan ya bar sajan Generic, samar da kida da kida.
A shekarar 1924, ya tafi babban birni, ta zauna a ma'aikatar raye-rafi da sakonni. Ba a yi aiki da shekaru biyar ba, Glinka ya yi murabus. Dalilin yin magana daga sabis shine rashin isasshen lokacin kyauta don kiɗan kiɗa. Rayuwa a St. Petersburg ya gabatar da Mikhail Ivanovich tana cikin fitattun mutanen kirki na zamaninsa. Muhalli ya kware mai mahimmancin bukatar kerawa.
A cikin 1830, Kiwan lafiya na Zinka ya tsananta, an tilasta wa Bayyanar Music don canza Petersburg ta hanyar yanayin dumin yanayi. Mawaki ya tafi neman magani zuwa Turai. Tafiya ta nishaɗi zuwa Italiya Glinka a hade tare da ƙwararren masani. A Milan, kwantena ya sadu da Donizetti da Bellini, Opera da Belkanto. Bayan shekaru hudu na zamansa a Italiya, Glina ya tafi Jamus. A nan ya ɗauki darasi a Siegfiled Dena. Kashe horo Mikhail Ivanovich ya zama saboda rasuwar mahaifin da ba tsammani ba. Mawaki mai saurin komawa Rasha.
Kulawa yana ci gaba
Kiɗan sun mamaye duk tunanin Glinka. A shekarar 1834, mai komowar ya fara aiki a wasan kwaikwayonsa na farko "Ivan susonanin", wanda daga baya aka sake masa masa ". Sunan farkon sunan an mayar da su zuwa ga Soviet lokacin. Opera Action faruwa a cikin 1612, amma zabi na 1812 ne wanda ya faru a lokacin kisan marubucin. Lokacin da ta fara, DININTA ta shekara takwas kawai ce, amma amma an kiyaye tasirinta a kan sanin mawa da yawa shekaru da yawa.
A cikin 1842, mambobin da suka sazara daga aiki a kan Opera na biyu. An gabatar da aikin "Ruslan da Lyudmila" a wannan rana a ranar "Ivan Susanin", amma tare da bambanci shekaru shida.
Glinka ta rubuta wasanninsa na biyu. Ya dauke shi kusan shekaru shida kafin ya kammala karatun wannan aikin. Rashin jin daɗin mawuyacin ba iyaka ba ne lokacin da aikin ba da gangan ba da gangan ba. Saukar da kunnawa ya soki mawaƙa. Hakanan a cikin 1842 m mawaki sunada wani rikici a rayuwar mutum, wanda ya rinjayi lafiyar tausayawa da ta jiki na Glinka.
Rashin gamsuwa tare da rayuwa ta tura Mikhail Ivanovich don ɗaukar sabon tafiya na dogon lokaci zuwa Turai. Mawakin ya ziyarci birane da yawa da Faransa. Sannu a hankali, ya dawo da kirkirar wahayi. Sakamakon tafiya sabon ayyuka ne: "Aragon Khota" da "ƙwaƙwalwar Castile". Rayuwa a Turai ta taimaka wa Glinka maido da amincewa da kai. Mawaki ya sake zuwa Russia.
Don wani lokaci, Glink ya kashe a cikin gidan gonar, sannan ya rayu a St. Petersburg, amma rayuwar da mutane ta kasance ta gaji da mawaƙa. A cikin 1848, ya sami kansa a cikin Warsaw. A nan mawaƙa ya yi shekaru biyu. Wannan lokacin abun da ke tattare da mawuyacin an yiwa alama ta hanyar ƙirƙirar fantasic Fantasy "Kamarinskaya".
Mikhail Ivanovich ya ciyar da shekaru biyar da suka gabata. A cikin 1852, m ya tafi Spain. Halin lafiyar mawaƙa ya yi rauni, kuma lokacin da Glinka ya kai Faransa, ya yanke shawarar zama a can. Paris ya fi so shi. Jin tashin hankali, mai komowar ya fara aiki akan Symphony Bulba Bulba. Tun da gaske sun rayu kusan shekaru biyu a Paris, mawaƙin tare da duk mahimmancin aikinsa ya koma gida. Dalilin wannan yanke shawara shi ne farkon yakin yaƙin Cresan. Symphony "an daina ƙare".
Komawa zuwa Rasha a cikin 1854, mawaƙin ya rubuta memo, wanda aka buga bayan shekaru 16 da ake kira "bayanin kula". A cikin 1855, Mikhail Ivanovich ya shirya soyayya "a cikin minti na rayuwa mai wahala" zuwa Mikhail Lermontov. Shekara daga baya, mawaki suka tafi Berlin.
Rayuwar sirri
Labarin Glinka Labari ne na mutum ga kiɗan, amma akwai wani mawuyaki da ƙarin rayuwar yau da kullun. A lokacin tafiye-tafiye a Turai, Mikhail ta zama gwarzo na kasada da yawa. Komawa zuwa Rasha, mawaki sun yanke shawarar yin aure. Dangane da misalin Ubana, ya zabi dan wasan sa da daɗewa cikin sahabbansa. Matar da mawaki ta zama Maria (Maryana) Petrovna Ivanova.
Ma'auratan suna da banbancin shekaru goma sha huɗu, amma mai mawaki ba su dakatar da shi ba. Auren ya zama mara farin ciki. Mikhail Ivanovich da sauri gane cewa ya kuskure tare da zabi. Bufin aure ya ɗaura waƙar mawaƙa tare da Mata ƙaunatacce, kuma an ba da zuciyar ga mata. Catherine Kern ya zama sabon ƙaunar mawaki. Yarinyar ita ce 'yar mai amfani, wanda Alexander Sergeevich ya sadaukar da waka "Na tuna wani yanayi mai ban mamaki."
Dangantakar Glinka tare da ƙaunataccen da aka yi kusan kusan shekara 10. Yawancin wannan lokacin mawaƙin ya kasance bisa hukuma a hukumance. Matarsa Mariya Ivanovfa, wacce ba ta zauna a cikin aure da suka halatta, ta fara nemo makirci na amur a gefen. Glinta san game da kasada. Auren ya ce wa mawaƙa a cikin sharar, abin kunya da canza. Mawaki ya kasance mai tawayar sosai.
Bayan shekaru shida na aure tare da Gania Ivanov a asiranin Mornet Nikolai Vasilchikov. Lokacin da aka bude wannan yanayin, GIMATA ya karbi bege don kisan aure. Duk wannan lokacin, mai mawaki ya ƙunshi dangantaka da Catherine Curne. A cikin 1844, mawaƙin ya fahimci cewa tsananin ƙaunar son son ugas. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya sami saki biyu, amma bai auri shi a kan Catherine ba.
Glinka da turawa
Mikhail Ivanovich da Alexander Sergeevich kasance zamani. Manding ya tsufa D Glinin na shekaru biyar kawai. Bayan Mikhail Ivanovich ya tako shekaru ashirin, akwai bukatun da yawa tare da Alexander Sergeyevich. Abokin abokantaka da matasa ya ci gaba da mutuwar mawãjiyar mawãjiyar mawãjiyar m mawãdi.
Glinka da ya yi ciki da wasan kwaikwayon Ruslan da Lyudmila don ya iya yin aiki da turawa. Mutuwar mawaƙin da karfi ya yi saurin rage tsarin wasan kwaikwayon Opera. A sakamakon haka, saitin ta kusan kasa. Ana kiran Gljka "Suloykin daga kiɗa", saboda ya ba da wannan gudummawar saƙon opra na ƙungiyar Opera ta Rasha a cikin ci gaban wallafe-wallafen Rasha.
Mutuwa
A Jamus, Glinka tana yin nazarin halittun Johann Sebastian Bahan da na zamaninsa. Ba tare da rayuwa a Berlin da shekara ba, mai masarauta ya mutu. Mutuwa ta mamaye shi a cikin Fabrairu 1857.
An binne mawaki a hankali a karamin hurumi na Luthan. Bayan 'yan watanni daga baya, saurer' yar uwar Glinka Lyudmila ta zo Berlin don shirya karusar dan gruch ga ƙasarsu. An cire akwatin gawa tare da jikin m daga Berlin zuwa St. Petersburg a cikin akwatin kwali tare da rubutu "porcila".
A mayar da Glarka a St. Petersburg a Kabarin Tikhvin. Sanarwar kabilan kabarin daga farkon kabarin har yanzu yana cikin berlin a cikin yankin na Kasa na Rasha hurumi na Rasha. A shekara ta 1947, an shigar da wani abin tunawa da Glink a can.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Glinka ya zama marubucin soyayya "Na tuna da wani ban mamaki lokacin," wanda aka rubuta akan ayoyin Alexander Sergeevich. Mawabin ya sadaukar da jerin mose na Anna Kern, da Mikhail Ivanovich sun sadaukar da kidan 'yarta Catherine.
- Bayan mitar ta karbi labarin mutuwar mahaifiyar ta 1851, hannunsa na dama ya kwashe. Mahaifiyar ta kasance ga mawaƙa mafi kyau.
- Glinka na iya samun yara. Mai ƙaunar mawaƙa a 1842 yana da ciki. Mawaki a wannan lokacin ya kasance bisa hukuma a hukumance kuma ba zai iya samun kisan aure ba. Dan wasan bai ba da damar Catherine ba da kuɗi mai yawa akan kawar da Chadi. Mace ta bar kusan shekara guda zuwa yankin Poltava. A cewar daya daga cikin juyi, har yanzu har yanzu an haife yaron, tunda Ekaterina kern ya bata lokaci mai tsawo. A wannan lokacin, tunanin mawaƙa ta faded, ya bar sha'awar. Glinka, a karshen rayuwarsa, na yi nadama sosai har na tambayi Ekaterina don kawar da yaron.
- Mawaƙa Shekana shekaru da yawa sun nemi kisan aure tare da matarsa Maria Ivanova, da nufin a yi aure tare da ƙaunataccen Catherine, amma da ya karɓi 'yanci, ya yanke shawarar watsi da aure. Ya bar sha'awar sa, tsoron sabon wajibai. Ekaterina kern yana jiran kusan shekaru 10 cewa mawaki zasu dawo wurinta.