Tari
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ya bayyana a cikin Salzburg a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1756. Mahaifinsa shi ne mawaki da kuma violinist da aka kwantar da hankali a kotunan kididdiga na Sigishard Von Stratenbach (Prince-Akbishop Salzburtg). Anna Maria Mozart (a cikin masarautar Perthl) ta zama mahaifiyar sanannen mawaƙa (a cikin Perthl's), wanda ya faru daga gidan Awadan Awadan kungiyar St. Gilgen.
A cikin duka, yara bakwai da aka haife su a cikin dangin Mozart, da daɗewa, da galihu, da rashin alheri, sun mutu tun yana ƙarami. Yaro na farko na Leopold da Anna, wanda ya sami nasarar tsira, ya zama babban 'yar'uwar da ta gaba, ta abokai da abokai sun kira yarinya Nannnerl). Bayan kimanin shekara hudu, Wolfgang ya bayyana. Akwai masu matukar nauyi, likitoci sun yi tsoron dogon lokaci wanda mahaifiyar yaron za su zama mai rauni. Amma bayan wani lokaci, Anna ya yi gyara.
Dukansu 'ya'yan Mozarts daga farkon shekarun sun nuna ƙauna ga kiɗa da kyawawan iko a gare ta. Lokacin da Uba ya fara ba da koyar da Nannerl don kunna Clavesis, ɗan'uwanta mafi tsufa kusan shekara uku ne kawai. Koyaya, sautunan da suka zo yayin darussan sun yi farin ciki da ɗan yaron, wanda tun lokacin da yake sau da yawa yakan kusanci da makullin, an matse shi da makullin sauti. Haka kuma, zai iya rasa gutsutsuren mawuyacin aiki da aka ji a da.
Saboda haka, a shekara hudu da haihuwa, Wolfggggang ta fara karbar darussan nasa game da karbuka daga mahaifinsa. Koyaya, ilmantar da sauran kayana da kuma wasu kundin rubutu, ba da daɗewa ba sun haɗa da yaron, kuma yana ɗan shekara biyar zuwa wannan nau'in Motar Mozart na ƙaramin aikinsa. Kuma da shekaru shida, Wolfgang ya kware violin, kuma kusan ba tare da taimako ba.
Nannerl da Wolfgang ba su taba zuwa makaranta ba: Leopolold ya ba su babban ilimin gida. A lokaci guda, matasa Mozart koyaushe nutsuwa tare da mai yawan himma a cikin binciken kowane batun. Misali, idan ya kasance game da lissafi, to, bayan fewan aji na yaron a zahiri duk samaka a cikin dakin: Daga bango da kuma da sauri tare da bayanan allo tare da lambobi, ayyuka da daidaitawa.
Yuro-tafiya
Tuni a shekaru shida, da "yar al'ajistu" played sosai da kyau cewa zai iya ba da kide-kide. Bugu da kari mai ban mamaki ga hurarrun wasan shi ne muryar Nannerl: Yarinya ta rera lafiya. Leopold Mozart ya burge shi da mawaƙa ta 'ya'yansa, wanda ya yanke shawarar tafiya tare da su don tsawaita balaguron birane daban-daban da ƙasashe. Ya yi fatan cewa wannan tafiya za ta kawo masu nasara da riba mai yawa.
Iyalan sun ziyarci Munich, Brussels, Cologne, Mannheim, Paris, London, Hague, garuruwa da dama na Switzerland. Tafiya ta ja na watanni da yawa, kuma bayan taƙaitaccen koma zuwa Salzburg - kuma tsawon shekaru. A wannan lokacin, Wolfgang da Nangorg sun ba da alama ga jama'a zuwa ga masu ban mamaki, kuma sun ziyarci wasan kwaikwayon Opera da wasan kwaikwayon Opera da kuma bikin shahararren mawaƙa.
A cikin 1764, da farko sha hudu na yara Wolfgang aka buga a Paris, wanda aka tsara don VIOhin da maɓallin. A London, yaron ya yi sa'ar koyo daga Johann Christian Bahan Johanna Sebastian Baha), wanda nan nan take ya lura da Wolfgang mai yawa darussan.
Shekaru, abin mamakin-bautar bautar, wanda, ba tare da kyakkyawar lafiya ba, ba su gaji sosai. Iyayensu suna gajiya: alal misali, yayin zaman dangi na Mozart a London, Leopold ya zama mara lafiya sosai. Sabili da haka, a cikin 1766, Wurder, tare da iyayensu, suka koma ga asalinsu na ƙasar.
Inganta Tsara
Yana da shekaru goma sha hudu, kokarin Wolfgang Mozart na mahaifinsa ya tafi Italiya, wanda ya yi mamakin kwarewar matasa na matasa na Stormuoso. Kasancewa cikin Bologna, ya samu nasarar halartar gasa a cikin manyan gasa na Philharmonic Cibiyar Kwalejin tare da kide-kide, wadanda mutane da yawa suka je wurin kakanninsu.Mafiyan matasa na kwantar da kai sun burge shi da cewa an zabi shi ne kawai ga mafi yawan rubuce-rubuce masu mahimmanci waɗanda shekarunsu suka kasance shekaru 20.
Bayan ya dawo cikin salzburg, mawaki tare da kansa ya tafi zuwa wani hadawar da bambancin Sonatas, Opetas, kwantena, Syabus. Dattawa ya zama - karfin gwiwa da asali kuma asalinsu ne, ba su da ƙasa da halittun mawaƙa, wanda Wolfgang yake mamaki a cikin ƙuruciya. A cikin 1772, makomar Mozart tare da Josef Gaidn, wanda ya zama shugaban malami da kuma aboki mafi kusanci.
Ba da daɗewa ba Wolfgang ya sami aiki a farfajiyar Arbbishop, da mahaifinsa. Yana da adadi mai yawa na umarni, amma bayan mutuwar tsohon bishop da isowar sabon yanayin a farfajiyar ya zama da ƙarancin daɗi. Tafiya cewar iska mai kyau don wani matashi mai aiki ya zama tafiya zuwa Paris da manyan biranen Jamus a cikin 1777, wanda m Mozart ya zira kwallo a cikin ɗan da ɗansa na kari.
A wancan lokacin, dangin sun fuskanci ingantattun matsaloli na kudi, sabili da haka mahaifiya kawai zata iya tafiya tare da Wolfgang. Mawakin da ya girma ya sake ba da kide kide, amma yaronsa da ƙarfin zuciya ba sa son kiɗan gargajiya na waɗancan lokutan waɗancan lokutan, da kuma girma yaro bai sake jin daɗin ɗayan bayyanar sa ba. A wannan karon jama'a da suka dauki wani mawaƙa tare da farin ciki da murna. Kuma a cikin Paris, mahaifiyar Mozart, ta tsawaita ta hanyar balaguron balaguro, ta mutu. Mawaki ya koma cikin Salzburg.
Kulawa yana ci gaba
Duk da matsalolin tare da kudi, Wolfgang Mozart ya dore da yadda Akbishop ke kira shi. Rashin yin shakkar baiwa, mawaki ya yi sarauta game da gaskiyar cewa maigidan yana girmama shi a matsayin bawa. Saboda haka, a cikin 1781, ya ɓata duk dokokin ƙwararru da kwanciyar hankali na dangi, sun yanke shawarar barin sabis ɗin daga Archbishop kuma ya matsa zuwa Vienna.
A nan, mawaki sun san Wang Eten Stenan, wanda a wancan zamani akwai majiɓin mawaƙa kuma yana da tarin masu kirkirar hannu da Bach. A kan shawararsa, Mozart yayi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar kiɗan boque, don samar da mahalarta. A lokaci guda Mozart yayi kokarin karbi gidan malami na kiɗa don gimbiya Württeleberg Elizabeth, duk da haka, Sarkin ya zabi malami na attonio Salieri.
Peak na aikin kirkirar Wolfgang Mozart ya fadi a cikin 1780s. A lokacin ne ta rubuta shahararren shahararren operas ya shahara: "Auren Fijer Fijer", "" Sihiri Fave "," Don Juan ". A lokaci guda, sanannen "kananan daren Senenade" a cikin sassa hudu. A wannan lokacin, an yi waƙar mawuyacin hali, kuma ya sami mafi yawan kudade a rayuwa don aikinsa.
Abin takaici, da lokacin da ba a taɓa ɗaukarsa ba na haɓaka da fitarwa ga Mozart ba da daɗewa ba. A cikin 1787, ya mutu mahaifin da ya fi so, kuma matarsa ta zama rashin lafiya tare da shugaban ƙananan kafa, kuma akwai kuɗi mai yawa don lura da ma'aurata.
Yanayin da Mutuwa Sarkin Yusufu II Wornen, bayan da Sarkin Leopold II ya rufe gonar. Ya, qarbi ga dan uwansa, ba mai son kiɗa bane, saboda ba lallai ba ne a kirga kan wurin sabon sarki.
Rayuwar sirri
Matar Mata ta Mozart ta zama cikar asuba, wanda ya sadu da shi Vienna (da farko bayan ya koma birnin Wolfgang da aka yi hisabi a dangin Webragg.
Leopold Mozart ya sabawa aure na dansa a kan yarinyar, yayin da ta ga muradinta na neman ci gaba "mai riba. Duk da haka, bikin aure ya faru ne a 1782.
Matar mawaki tana da ciki sau shida, amma 'yan kitsan nan sun sami shekarun jariri: Karl Thomas da Franz Kasaver Wolfgang Tsira.
Mutuwa
A shekara ta 1790, lokacin da za a sake yin magani, da yanayin kuɗin Wolfgang Mozart ya zama ya fi ba shi yiwuwa a cikin Frankfurt da yawa a Frankfurt. Shahararren wajibi, hotonsa wanda a wancan lokacin ya zama mutum na ci gaba mai kyau kuma mai maraba da "Gurray", amma ba ya baratar da bege na Wolfgang.A cikin 1791, mambobi suna da tashin hankali mai haifar da rikici. A wannan lokacin, "Symphony 40" ya fito ne daga ƙarƙashin gashin tsuntsu, ba da jimawa ba kafin mutuwa - baent gwiwa.
A wannan shekarar, Mozart ya zama rashin lafiya sosai: kafaffun rauni, kafaffun kafafu sun kumbura daga harin amai. Mutuwar Wolfgang ta zo ga Disamba 5, 1791, Officciasanta shine zazzabi mai kumburi mai kumburi.
Koyaya, wasu sun yi imani da cewa sanadin mutuwar Mozart ne guba na mawaki Antonio Samiiali da aka sani da shi duka kamar Wolfgang. Jaka da shahararren wannan sigar ana ba da kalmar "ƙaramar bala'i" Alexander Setgeevich Everkin. Koyaya, babu tabbacin wannan sigar a yanzu.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Sunan yanzu na mawaki sauti kamar Yohannes Chrysostomus Wolfgagus Theophilus Wolfggagus Theophilus Wolftus Theophilus Wolftus, amma shi da kansa ya nemi a kira Wolfgang, amma shi da kansa ya nemi Wolfgg.
- A yayin babban tafiya yawon shakatawa na matasa Mozarts a Turai, dangi sun juya ya zama cikin Holland. Sannan akwai wani matsayi a cikin kasar, kuma aka dakatar da waƙar. Banda aka sanya kawai ga Wolfgang, yana tunanin baiwa da kyautar Allah.
- An binne Mozart a cikin kabari Gaba, inda sauran abubuwa da yawa suke: yanayin yanayin iyali ya yi nauyi a lokacin. Saboda haka, madaidaicin wurin da aka binne babban masarautar ba a san shi ba.