Tari
Ayyukan da ke cike da Vladimir Mayakovsky suna haifar da kyakkyawar sha'awa ga miliyoyin masu sha'awarsa. Ya cancanci adadin mawakan mafi girma na ƙarni na 20. Bugu da kari, mayyky ya nuna kansa wani dan wasa mai ban mamaki, Satyyyyyyyrik, darektan fim, mai zane, mai zane, kazalika da editan na mujallu. Rayuwarsa, da yawa ƙirƙira, da cikakkiyar ƙauna da gogewa na dangantaka da yau ba su ci ba har zuwa ƙarshen ƙuntarku.
An haifi mawakiyar mawaƙa a cikin ɗan ƙaramin Georgan na Bagdati (Daular Rasha). Mahaifinsa Alexander Alekseeevna mallakar dangin Cossack daga Kuban, kuma mahaifinsa Vladimir Konstantinovich ya yi aiki tare da sauki matacce. Vladimir yana da 'yan'uwa biyu - Kostya da Sasha, wanda ya mutu a ƙuruciya, da' yan'uwa mata biyu - Olya da Luda.
Mayuvsky sosai yasan yaren Georgian kuma tun daga 1902 ya yi karatu a Gymasium na Kutaiisi. Tuni a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali ya kama shi, yayin karatu a cikin dakin motsa jiki, ya shiga zanga-zangar juyin juya halin.
A cikin 1906, Uba ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani. Dalilin mutuwa shine cutar da jini, wanda ya faru a sakamakon yatsa yatsa tare da allura talakawa. Wannan taron ya firgita ta Mayakovsky cewa a nan gaba ya nisanta gashin gashi da fil, tsoron ƙaddara ga mahaifinsa.
A cikin wannan 1906, Alexander Alekseevna ya koma Moscow tare da yara. Vladimir ya ci gaba da horar da shi a wasan motsa jiki na biyu, inda ya ziyarta a cikin motsa jiki tare da dan uwan B. Pastandak - Alexander. Koyaya, tare da mutuwar Uba, yanayin yanayin iyali na iyali ya lalace sosai. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1908, Vladimir ba zai iya biyan horonsa ba, kuma ya kore shi daga aji na biyar na motsa jiki.
Halitta
A cikin Moscow, wani matashi ya fara sadarwa tare da ɗalibai waɗanda suke jin ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali. A cikin 1908, mayakovsky yanke shawarar zama memba na RSDLP kuma sau da yawa ana inganta tsakanin jama'a. A cikin 1908-1909, an kama Vladimir sau uku, amma saboda an tilasta musu rashin shaidar barin 'yanci.
A yayin bincike, mayakovsky ba zai iya nutsuwa a cikin bango huɗu ba. Ta hanyar lalatattun abubuwa, ana fassara shi cikin wurare daban-daban na tsare. A sakamakon haka, yana cikin gidan yarin na Butyassa, inda ya rike watanni goma sha ɗaya kuma ya fara rubuta waƙoƙi.
A shekara ta 1910, saurayi ya fito daga ƙarshe kuma nan da nan ya bar bikin. A shekara mai zuwa, mai fasaha Yevgeny Lang, wanda Vladimir ya kasance cikin dangantakar abokantaka, ya bada shawarar cewa ya kasance yana zanen. A yayin horo a makarantar zanen zanen, sikelin da gine-ginen, sai ya hadu da waɗanda suka kafa kungiyar 'yan wasan ne "Gilefurists kuma suka shiga cikin cubefurists.
Farkon aikin mayakovsky, wanda aka buga, shi ne waka "dare" (1912). A lokaci guda, saurayin Matasa ya fara aiki a fili a cikin tushe na zane-zane, wanda ake kira kare "rauni."
Vladimir, tare da mambobin kungiyar CubeFururists, sun halarci yawon shakatawa a Rasha, inda ya yi karatu da waƙoƙinsa. Ba da daɗewa ba akwai kyakkyawan bita game da mayakovsky, amma sau da yawa ana la'akari da shi a cikin masu neman taimako. M. Gorky ya yi imani da cewa daga cikin masu farko mayakovsky ne kadai mawaƙi na ainihi.
Na farko tari na saurayin matasa "I" an buga shi a cikin 1913 kuma ya kunshi waƙoƙi hudu kawai. A wannan shekara kuma asusun rubuta rubutaccen wakar Baget "" Nate! ", Wanda marubucin ya kalubalanci dukan jama'ar Bourgeois gaba daya. A shekara mai zuwa, Vladimir ta kirkiri waka mai taɓawa "Saurari", buga masu karatu tare da azalarku da kuma tunanin ku.
Ya jawo hankalin mawaƙi mai ban dariya da kuma jirgin ruwa. 1914 ta hanyar kirkirar bala'in "Vladimir Mayakovsky", an gabatar da shi ga jama'a a matakin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na St. Petersburg ". A lokaci guda, Vladimir ya yi magana da darekor dinta, da kuma jagorancin rawar. Babban dalilin aikin shine tawayen abubuwan da suka danganta bala'in da suka danganta da bala'in da ke tattare da aikin.
A shekara ta 1914, saurayin saurayi ya yanke shawarar da ba da son kai ga sojoji, sai dai Samariyar siyasarsa ta siyasa ta firgita wakilan wakilan gwamnati. Bai buga gaba ba kuma cikin sakaci don sakaci ya rubuta waka ", wanda ya ba da kimanta sojojinsa sarauta. Bugu da kari, da m ayyuka na mayakovsky - "Cloud a cikin wando" kuma "ya bayyana" ya zama ba da daɗewa ba.
A shekara mai zuwa, taron da ya yi da za a iya ganawa na mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich da gidansa Briquette ya faru. Daga yanzu, rayuwarsa tana ɗaya daga cikin duka tare da Lily da OSIP. Daga shekarar 1915 zuwa 1917, godiya ga kare m. Gorky mawaki ya yi aiki a makaranta mai sarrafa kansa. Kuma ko da yake shi, kasancewa soja, ba shi da 'yancin da za a buga, OSIP BRIC ya zo ga taimakon sa. Ya samu guda biyu na Valdimir kuma ya bazu su.
A lokaci guda, mayakovsky ya shiga cikin duniyar satire kuma a cikin 1915 buga sake zagayowar "waka" a cikin "sabon silirone". Ba da daɗewa ba akwai manyan tarin guda biyu na ayyuka - "Mai sauƙi a matsayin wanke" (1916) da "juyin juya halin. Pootakhronik "(1917).
Juyin juya halin Musulunci Babban mawaki ya hadu a hedkwatar tashin hankali a cikin smolny. Nan da nan ya fara aiki tare da sabuwar gwamnatin kuma ya halarci tarin abubuwan al'adu na al'adu. Ya kamata a lura cewa mayakovsky ne ya kama shi daga wani soja wanda aka kama Janar P. Sortayev wanda ya kama Makarantar Makaranta, kodayake a hannunsa ya karbi lambar yabo ta "don himma".
1917-1918 sun lura da sakin da yawa ayyuka na Mayakovsky sadaukar da sadaukar da kai ga abubuwan da suka faru na juyin juya hali (alal misali, "juyin juya halin yanzu"). An gabatar da bikin farko da na juyin juya halin da ke wasa da buff.
Ya kasance mai son mayakovsky da fim. A shekara ta 1919, motocin fim uku a cikin duniya, wanda Vladimir ya yi dan wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun duba zane-zane da darektan zane. A lokaci guda, mawaƙin ya fara aiki tare da girma kuma ya yi aiki a kan karagar kai da satridical. Daidaici Mayakovsky aiki a cikin jaridar "ma'adanin na comman".
Bugu da kari, a cikin 1918, mawaƙin da aka kirkira 'yan kungiyar "Comt", za a iya bayyana hanyar da za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan kwaminis. Amma a cikin 1923, Vladimir ya shirya wani rukuni - "hagu gaban Arts", da kuma lik ɗin da aka dace "lem".
A wannan lokacin, akwai halittar ayyuka masu haske da yawa masu haske kuma abin tunawa da abin tunawa da "(1923)," Vladta Ilyich Leen "(1924). Muna jaddada cewa yayin karanta waka ta ƙarshe, I. Stalin kansa yana nan a wasan kwaikwayon Bolshoi. Bayan wasan kwaikwayon na Mayakovsky, an bi da oving, wanda ya kasance minti 20. Gabaɗaya, ya kasance duk shekarun yaƙi na Vladimir mafi kyawun lokacin, abin da ya ambata a cikin waka "mai kyau!" (1927).
Babu ƙarancin mahimmanci da kuma cikakken shine don mayakovsky lokacin tafiya sau da yawa. A shekarar 1922-1924, ya ziyarci france, Latvia da Jamus, wanda ya sadaukar da ayyuka da yawa. A shekarar 1925, Vladimir ya tafi Amurka, ziyartar garin Mexico, Havana da kuma yawancin Amurka.
An lura da farkon shekaru 20 na rikice-rikice tsakanin Vladimir Mayakovsky da Sergey Yesinin. Latterarshen wannan lokacin ya shiga cikin masu ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta - abokan adawar da suka saba da su. Bugu da kari, mayakovsky ne mawaki na juyin juya halin da kuma birnin, da Yesenin a cikin aikinsa ya wuce ƙauyen.
Duk da haka, Vladimir ba zai iya amincewa da kwarewar da ba shi da kariya daga abokin hamayyarsa, kodayake ya soki shi ga ra'ayin mazan jiya da jaraba ga giya. A wata ma'ana, sun kasance dangi da rayuka - tsananin fushi, rauni, a akai bincike da yanke ƙauna. Suna da haɗin kai har ma da batun kisan kai, wanda yake a cikin aikin mawakan biyu.
A cikin 1926-1927, mayakovsky ne ya haifar da kashi 9 dazenarians. Bugu da kari, a cikin 1927 mawaƙa ta sake amfani da ayyukan mujallar LEF. Amma bayan shekara guda baya barin mujallar da kungiyar da ta dace, daga baya ta ji dadin su. A cikin 1929, sansanin Vladimir sansanin Ref kungiyar, amma shekara mai zuwa ta fito daga gare ta ta zama memba na "rapp".
A ƙarshen 20s, mayakovsky na roƙo zuwa wasan kwaikwayo. Yana shirya wasa biyu: "Klop" (1928) da "Bana" (1929), an tsara su ta musamman ga wasan kwaikwayon na wasan kwaikwayo. Sun samar da wani sashi na gaskiya na 20s tare da duba nan gaba.
Mai aiki ya kwatanta Mayakovsky Tall da Kwarewar Molierere, amma masu sukar sun hadu da sabon ayyukansa garkuwa da maganganu. A cikin "Bedpie" sun sami flaws na zane-zane, amma har ma da zargin halayyar akida aka zaba ga banda. A cikin jaridu da yawa, labaran masu laifi sosai, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna da kan layi na labarai ".
Fatan nan 1930 ya fara ga mawana mafi girma tare da mutane da yawa na abokan aiki. Mayakovsky ya faɗi cewa ba marubucin ba "marubuta", kuma kawai "abokin" ". Amma duk da sukar, a cikin bazara na wannan shekarar, Vladimir ya yanke shawarar taƙaita ayyukansa, domin da ya shirya wani nune-nune waya "20 Shekaru".
Nunin ya kori dukkanin nasarorin da yawa na Mayakovsky, amma sun kawo m m. Tsohon abokan aikin ba su ziyartar mata mawaka ba ne a LEFU, ko babban jagorar ƙungiya. Wata azzalumi ne mai wahala, bayan wannan babban rauni ya kasance cikin ruhafin mawãyi.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1930, Vladimir mara lafiya da yawa kuma ma yana tsoron rasa muryarsa, wanda zai kawo karshen jawabinsa a kan mataki. Rayuwar sirri na mawãjiyar mawuyacin hali ya zama ba da nasara ga farin ciki. Ya kasance sosai, saboda tubali ne na yau da kullun da kuma ta'aziyya, ta hagu zuwa ƙasashen waje.
Hare-hare daga kowane bangare suna kwance a kan mayakoovsky mai tsauri mai tsauri, da kuma rauni rai na mawaƙi bai iya tsayawa ba. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, Vladimir Mayakovsky ya kori kansa a cikin kirji, wanda shine sanadin mutuwarsa.
Bayan mutuwar mayakovsky, aikinsa fadi a karkashin haramcin haram da kusan ba a buga shi ba. A shekara ta 1936, Lilyma Bell ya rubuta wasika zuwa I. Stalin tare da bukatar taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙwaƙwalwar babbar mawaki. A cikin ƙudurinsa, Stalin ya yaba da nasarorin da mamaci kuma ya ba da izinin buga ayyukan Mayakovsky da ƙirƙirar gidan kayan gargajiya.
Rayuwar sirri
Loveaunar Lyukovsky ta duniya ta kasance Lily bric, an gudanar da taron a cikin 1915. A wancan lokacin, yarinyar yarinyar ta sadu da 'yar uwarta - Elsa Treole, kuma da zarar yarinyar ta jagoranci Vladimir a gidan Brik. Mayakovsky da farko karanta wakar "girgije a cikin wando", sannan kuma ya sadaukar da likitanta. Ba abin mamaki bane, amma samfurin na gwarzo na wannan wakar shine Sculptor Maria Denisov, wanda mawaƙin ya fada cikin 1914.
Ba da daɗewa ba sabon labari ya barke tsakanin vladimir da Lily, yayin Osip Broc ya rufe idanunsa don ya wuce matarsa. Lilya ta zama Gishiyama Mayakovsky, ba ta sadaukar da kusan kusan dukkanin ayoyin ƙaunarsa ba ne. Ya bayyana zurfin da babu iyaka ga bric a cikin wadannan ayyukan: "Fline-Spine", "Mutum", "ga duka", "Lelichka!" kuma da sauransu.
Yana son tare sun halarci fina-finai na fim "suna tare da fim ɗin fim" (1918). Haka kuma, tun daga 1918, bulo da kuma babban mawaƙi ya fara zama tare, wanda ya dace cikin ra'ayi na ƙauna a wancan lokacin. Sun canza wurin zama sau da yawa, amma duk lokacin da suka zauna tare. Sau da yawa, mayakovsky ko da yake kunshe da dangi na Broks, kuma daga kowace tafiye-tafiye na Laxury (alal misali, motar Renauls).
Duk da abin da aka makala mai iyaka ga Mawaki zuwa Lelichk, akwai waɗansu ƙaunataccensa a rayuwarsa, har ma da yaran suka ba shi. A cikin 1920, mayakovsky ne na kusanci da mai zane Lily Lily Lily Lily Lilinskaya, wanda ya gabatar da shi da dan Gleb-Nikitu (1921-1986).
1926 alama wata ganawa ce ta azaba. Vladimir ya hadu da Ellie Jones - wani mai ƙaura daga Rasha, wanda ya ba shi 'yar' yar Kabilar (1926-2016). Hakanan, dangantakar MIFOletic da ke hade da mawaka tare da Sofia Shamardina da Natalia Brjanienko.
Bugu da kari, a cikin Paris, babbar mawaƙi ya hadu da wani hijira na Tatiana Yakovleva. Raunen da aka barke tsakanin su a hankali ya ɗaure kuma ya yi alkawarin juya wani abu mai mahimmanci da tsawo. Mayuvsky son Yabovleva ya zo Moscowva ya zo Moscow, amma ta ki. Sannan a shekarar 1929, Vladimir ya yanke shawarar zuwa Tatiana, amma, matsaloli tare da samun takardar izinin zama mai wahala.
Loveaunar da ta ƙarshe Vladimir Mayakovsky ne saurayi kuma mai aure Cocinskaya. Mawakan ya nema daga wata yarinyar shekara 21 da haihuwa don barin mijinta, amma Veronica ba a warware shi a kan irin wannan canje-canje a rayuwa ba, saboda Mayakovsky mai shekaru 36 da alama ya zama mai ban mamaki.
Matsaloli a cikin dangantaka tare da matasa ƙaunataccen covered mayakovsky zuwa ga m mataki. Ta kasance na karshe wanda ya ga vladimir kafin mutuwarsa kuma ya tambaye ta kar ya je wurin karatun Reharsal. Bai da lokacin rufe ƙofar yarinyar ba, kamar yadda mai rauni ya ji daɗi. Polonskaya bai yi kuskure ya zo jana'iz din ba, saboda dangin mawaƙa sun ɗauke shi da laifi a cikin mutuwar ɗan asalin.