Tari
A ambaton sunan Ray Bradbury, kowa zai yi tunanin sha'awar litattafai masu ban sha'awa. Ray Bradbury yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun marubutan kimiyya, mai ba da lambar yabo da yawa, ciki har da ainihin almara. Koyaya, Bradbury bai ɗauki labarin marubucin almara ba.
An haifi Bradbury Rai Douglas Bradbury a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1920 a cikin Ukygan (Illinois, Amurka). Mahaifin marubucin na gaba, Leonard ya zub da Bradbury (1891-1957) - a cikin dangin Birtaniyya, daga cikin mazaunan farko a Arewacin Amurka. Mun koma Ingila a cikin 1630. A cikin tarihin tarihin akwai labarin iyali: Makariyar Rey Mary Bradbury ce "Salem Mayya", an rataye shi bayan shari'ar 1692. Mama Reia - Marie Esther Moherg (1888-1966), Swede.
Baya ga Ray, dangi ya yi girma wani ɗa, Leonard. Wasu wasu (Sam Sam da 'yar'uwa Elizabeth) sun mutu cikin jaraba. Yaron da ya gabata ya hadu da mutuwar waɗanda suke ƙauna, wanda ya bar alama a cikin wasu ayyukan rubutu a nan gaba.
A cikin dangin Bradbury ƙauna art. An biya hankali ga mai canzawa.
A lokacin "babban bacin rai" a ƙaramin gari, Uba ba zai sami aiki ba. A shekara ta 1934, dangin Bradbury sun koma Los Angeles, zaunar da gidan kawu. Ya rayu. Bayan kammala karatun, saurayin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai siyar da jaridar. Babu kuɗi don ci gaba da karatunsa. Mafi girman ilimin kimiya bai samu ba. A cewar marubuci, ya maye gurbin ɗakin karatu a kwaleji. Sau uku a mako, saurayin ya yi tafiya a bayan littattafai a cikin dakin karatu. A lokaci guda, a 12, yaron yana da muradin yin sa. Don siyan littafin ta E. Berruza "jarumi na duniyar Mars" Babu kuɗi, da matasa marubuci ya zo tare da cigabanta da labarin. Wannan shine farkon matakin farko na kimiyyar Bradbury.
Halitta
Yaron ya yanke shawarar zama marubuci. A ƙarshe, aka kafa sha'awar bayan kammala karatun. Mataki na farko na kirkirar kirkirar shine littafin a cikin Wakar Jaridar Waka "a cikin 1936. Ray ya rubuta kananan labarai, yin kwaikwayon salon Edgar by. Henry Chatler, an soki marubucin almara na kimiyyar Amurka kuma mai ba da shawara ga matasa marubuci.
Yana da shekara 17, Bradbury ya zama memba na jama'ar Marubutan Amurka - da Los Angeles "kungiyar Los Angelitts". Labarun sun fara fita cikin tarin almara. An gano salon rubutu na rubutu wanda aka gano cikin ayyukan Bradbury. Daga 1939 na shekara biyu, dakuna 4 na gidan mujallar Fantasy sun saki. A 1942, marubucin ya sauya ga adabi. A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta labarai hamsin a shekara.
Duk da samun kudin shiga, Bradbury bai bar kerewararrawa ba. A cikin 1947, haske ya ga tarin farko na marubucin "duhu mai duhu". Tarin ya hada da aikin na 1943-1947. A karo na farko, haruffan sun bayyana: Uncle Anar (Prototype - Los Angel Uncle Hot) da "baƙon" na CESI. Tarin ya sanyaya da jama'a.
A lokacin bazara na 1949, Ray Bradbury Ray ya isa New York. Zauna a dakunan kwanan daliban na matasa Kiristoci. Labarun da aka ba da shawarar masu shelar 12, amma ba wanda ya zama mai sha'awar. An yi sa'a, don karar Cingdon, Bradbury, buga Dubld. Mai buga a wannan lokacin yana shirya tarin almara na kimiyya. Bradbury na sha'awar mai buga hoton Brainter (dangi ɗaya). Walter ya amince ya buga Bradbury, ya samar da cewa an hada labaran a cikin sabon labari.
Don daren, ray ya bayyana sake duba abin da zai biyo baya a cikin hanyar rubutun kuma ya samar da shi tare da mai shela - sigar sarkar ta samar da ita da makircin farko game da duniyar Mars, wanda aka tattara a cikin aiki guda. A cikin Martian Tarihi, Bradbury da ba tare da gangara ba a tsare tsakanin ci gaban jaruntakar duniyar Mars da isowar mulkin mallaka a kan yamma. Roman da aka rufe ya nuna kurakurai da ajizanci na bil'adama. Littafin ya juya tunanin almara na kimiyya. Bradbury dauke da Martanian Tarihi tare da mafi kyawun aiki.
Ganawar Ray Ballbury da aka samu tare da mafita a cikin 1953 The Nooco "451 digiri Fahrenheit". The Novel ya dogara ne da labarai biyu: "Firestmen" (ba a buga ba) da "Mai tafiya a kai". Bangaren farko ya fito daga sassan a cikin mujallar "PlayBoy", wanda ya fara samun shahararru.
A cikin Ebigrah, littattafan sun ce digiri 451 Fahrenheit - zazzabi na takarda takarda. A cikin makircin Roman ya gaya game da al'adar masu amfani da yawa. Marubucin ya nuna wa jama'a da ke saita sayo dabi'ar kayan cikin babi. Littattafai, tilasta wa mai karatu ya yi tunani, za a ƙone tare da gidajen masu mallakar haramtattu. Babban gwarzo na Nove wuta Guy Montag, wanda ke shiga cikin konewa littattafai, ya yi imanin cewa yana da abin da ya dace. Guy ya hadu da 'yan wasan' yan majalisa 'yar shekara 17. Da sani ya juya kan jarraba hoton wani saurayi.
Roman ya sami karamar coot Gidan Bugawa "Littattafan Bellantine" don makarantun sakandare sun sake yin gyara kuma cire guda 70 daga littafin. A cikin 1980, marubucin ya nemi yin wani labari ba tare da raguwa ba.
A cikin USSR, wani labari, duk da mummunan maganganun a cikin ɗakunan akida, an sake shi a cikin 1956. Fim din "451 digiri Fahrenheit" a shekarar 1966 Darektan Faransa ya dauke daga Faransa Francis. A shekara ta 1984, an fito da alamar alamar "Salamandra" kan dalilan littafin.
A cikin 1957, ya kasance wani bangare ne na tarihin rayuwar "ruwan inabin daga daskarewa" ". Wannan Bradbury ba shi da kama da sauran aikin. A ciki, kwarewar yara na marubucin suna shafa. A makircin ya gaya game da kasada rani na 1928 'yan'uwa Tom da Douglas yafa, suna zaune a cikin karamin garin garin kore. Ray ya zama prototype na ɗan shekaru 12 na Douglas.
Bradbury ya so ya ƙirƙiri aikin da ake amfani da shi. Bradbury mai ban dariya da Bradbury nace kan labari a kan sassa biyu. Kashi na biyu, wanda ake kira marubucin "bazara, ban kwana!", Na ga hasken rabin karni, a 2006.
Wani labari, ya haɗa da Bradbury Ray da yara, "Daga turɓayar 'yan tawayen." Wannan labari ne game da dangin Elliot din na Elliot, wanda wadatar halittu masu ban mamaki ke zama a cikin gida. The labari ya hada da Labarun "Taron Iyali", "Mayya mai Girma", "Mai kikita Einda" da sauran. Rubuta labarun da sauran. Tare da yaro mai shekaru goma, tare da ɗan'uwansa a kan Haleeeee, ya zo ga tete ne. Da aka tattara masara mai tushe da kabewa. Auntan Ayun da yake sanye da yarataccen ɗan yaro kuma ɓoye a cikin gidan da ke cikin gidan kakakin don tsoratar da duhun baƙi. Hutu ya wuce cikin nishadi mai hadari. Marubucin ya kira abubuwan da ke da tsada game da wannan yanayin.
Tarin "magani daga Melancholy" an sake shi a shekarar 1960. Ya buga labarai na zamani 1948-1959. Labarun Labarun: "Meadow Day" (1957), "Dragon" (1955), "Daren farko na ice cream (1958)," Daren farko na barin "(1956), "Raintemunes" (1959) da sauran. Tarin ya sadaukar da ilimin halin dan Adam, yanayin yanayin ɗan adam.
Marubuci ya yi ya yi ya yi zunubi al'umma ta zamani duk rayuwarsa, tana ganin mai amfani. Bradbury ya yi imani cewa a cikin duniya babu isasshen kulawa ga kimiyya, ci gaban masana'antar sarari. Mutane sun daina yin mafarki game da taurari, suna da sha'awar kayan. Bradbury yana aiki da ɗan adam don dakatar da hali ga gaba. Babban misali shine "Murmushi", aikin da ke faruwa a nan gaba. Mutane sun lalace, suna ƙone duk littattafan. Babban nishaɗin shine lalata jama'a na abubuwan da suka tsira daga fasaha. A square shine jujjuyawar waɗanda suke so su tofa cikin hoto "Mona Lisa".
Labarin da aka sake sake sake fasalin Bradbury - "da tsawa". Labarin almara na kimiyya ya dogara ne da "ka'idar hargitsi", wanda aka saba da ake kira "tasirin tasirin". Wannan aiki ne game da daidaituwar Phillic na dabi'a a duniya. Labarin labarin ya ta'allaka ne a zuciyar fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo "da tsawa", "inje" shekaru "," 100 da suka wuce ".
Kiyayar marubucin ba ta da alaƙa da silima da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Bradbury ya rubuta yanayin, mafi shahararren wanda shine "moby dick". Marubucin da manyan jerin abubuwan wasan talabijin daga "wasan kwaikwayo na Ray Bradbury" wanda aka buga daga 1985 zuwa 1992.
Rayuwar sirri
Taimako mai mahimmanci ga matar mai niyya. Mai siyar da kantin sayar da littattafan Margaret ya zama matar Ray Bradbury a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1947. Kudin shiga daga labarai da farko bai kawo babban kuɗi ba, don haka a farkon rayuwar iyali, babban mai ma'adinai mata ne.
Auren ya yi farin ciki kuma ya kasance mai farin ciki ga mutuwar Mangie, kamar yadda marubuci Laskovo ya kira matarsa ƙaunataccen mace, a 2003. Ya kasance marubucin da aka sadaukar ga littafin labari "Mariya Tarihi", rubuta: "matata Margaret tare da ƙauna ta gaske."
Braadbury da matansa suna da 'ya'ya huɗu - Betin Bettin, Ramon, Susan da Alexander.
Mutuwa
Ray Bradbury ya rayu shekara 91. Rayuwa tana da arziki a cikin bayyanuwar wuya. Kowace safiya, a cikin tsufa, marubucin ya fara ne a tebur. Ya yi imanin cewa keresaukan kerawa ya tsawaita rayuwarsa. An cika rubutun littafi mai rikodin kafin mutuwa. An saki littafin karshe a 2006.
Bradbury yana da wata ma'ana ta ban mamaki. Ko ta yaya ga tambayar game da shekarun Bradbury ya amsa:
"Ka yi tunanin kanun labarai a cikin jaridun duniya -" Bradbury ya juya shekara ɗari! Zan ba ni wani irin kyautar: kawai don gaskiyar cewa ban mutu ba. "Yana da shekara 79, marubucin yana da bugun jini. Ya ciyar da sauran rayuwarsa a cikin keken hannu. Bradbury ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2012 a Los Angeles. An rushe gidan marubucin marubutan a cikin 2015.
Kimanta kerawa da lambobin yabo
Ray Badbury ya karbi kudinsa a filin ban mamaki "Introlta" da "Benjamin Franklin". Ya ba da kyautar makarantar makarantar, wanda aka zaɓa a cikin "Hall na ɗaukaka" kyauta "Promeey kyauta (1984). A Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Kasa da Kasa a fagen Art (2004) da taken "mafarin". Mallan Ray - Lauri na kyautar Pulitzer (2007) da kuma Pefen Pulitzer na Belam a cikin nadin "na dukkan rayuwa."
Sunan Ray Bradbury ne astereroid. NASA sararin samaniya ya yanke shawarar bayar da sunan marubuci na farko, wanda ya gabatar da wanzuwar rayuwa akan duniyar Mars dasa ml Purnet a duniya. "Unionungiyar uwa ta Uniony" 15 ga Oktoba, 2015 ta amince da sunan "Bradbury" na MARS.
A Hollywood "Gaihuwar Gidara" akwai tauraro na ɗan rai.
Littattafai
- "Mariya Tarihi"
- "Digiri 451 Fahrenheit"
- "Ruwan inabi daga Dandelions"
- "Matsalar tana zuwa"
- "Mutuwa abu ne mai kowa"
- "Kabarin Madawwana"
- "Green inuwa, farin kifi whale"
- "Wani wuri yana wasa da orchestra"
- "Leviafi-99"