Tarihi
Tom Sawyer shine mai tawaye, Fidget, tawagar da babban mai kasada, ya zauna a cikin littattafan guda hudu na marubucin Mark Twain. Tsohon dan jarida ya yashe ta hanyar azaba ta kirkira kafin a sami fam ɗin da ake so don aikin kuma, a zahiri, gwarzo, wanda aka ƙaddara ya zama fi so matasa masu karatu. Kasadar mai gamsarwa wanda aka kirkira martani ga marubucin ga babban mai wanzuwa da kuma Jagora na Intrangie. Fantasy da ba a kula ba, masu nauyi da mugun ayyuka - rayuwar yaro daga garin St. Petersburg ba zai yi hassada da wani yaro ba.Tarihin halitta
Mark Twain ya ba wa yara littattafai guda hudu waɗanda abubuwan ban sha'awa na Geter: "Kasadar Passy Finn", "Kasadar Passy Finn." Wani samfur da ake kira "Kwayoyin tom Sawyer" marubucin bai da lokacin gama gama gari.
Littafin farko da aka haife shi da wahala: Twargajiya ta fara ta a 1872, kuma ta gama kawai lokacin bazara 1875. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa aiki ne da marubucin a karon farko a cikin asalin tarihinsa ya rubuta a kan wani nau'in rubutu. Littafin Autiographical yana dogara ne akan yara marubuci, lokacin da duniya ta kasance, cike da mafarkai game da karewa da nasarori, kula da rayuwar manya baya karye. Mark Twain ya ce, har da kuma jarumawa na Romanov, kasancewa wani yaro, yana son ne a sami tarkon, a gina matattarar, a kafa harsashin ginin, a kafa tsibirin, a kafa tsibirin, a buɗe.
Sunan halin da marubucin ya aro daga Sulomas wanda Sawkas, wanda aka kawo makomar a California. Koyaya, abubuwan da aka gabatar sun yi aiki a matsayin saurayi uku daga ƙuruciya mai nisa, wanda ta yi magana game da gabatarwar. Abin da ya sa mai ɗaukar hoto ya juya tare da irin wannan rikice-rikice.
Na rubuta litattafan da ba su da yawa ga yara saboda iyayensu, suna ƙoƙarin isar da Moms da ubs cewa yaran ba su isa rufin saman kai. Kuna buƙatar ƙoƙarin fahimtar sihiri duniyar yaron, ba don kimanta ayyukanta ba kawai mara kyau - da "babban" ra'ayi yana bayan kowane aiki. Kuma hakika, harshe mai sauƙi, babban adadin abubuwan da aka yi da kuma walƙiya, abin kunya da aka yiwa masoya mai kyau.
Kwanan Rubuta littattafai masu zuwa - 1884, 1894 da 1896. Bayan litattafan da aka yi kokarin fassara akalla marubutan dozin, amma fassarar Korni Chukovsky an gane shi mafi kyawun aiki. Marubucin ya gabatar da aikin 'ya'yan Soviet a 1929.
Tarihi da makirci
Tom Sawyer yana zaune a cikin karamin garin St. Petersburg, jihar Missouri a bakin kogin Mississippi a cikin dangin untan - ta dauki rasuwar mahaifiyar. Kwanaki suna tashi don makarantu a makaranta, a cikin yaƙe-baya a kan titi, da Tom ya jagoranci abokantaka da faduwar gas da kuma faduwa da taushi kuma sun faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da kyawawan 'yan wasa da-goshin becky. Gabaɗaya, komai kamar matashi ne.
Mai kyakkyawan kyakkyawan kyakkyawan yanayin kowane matsala don juya zuwa taron riba. Don haka, abin da aka goge na shinge da yaron ya umarci inna a cikin hanyar horo ya zama kasuwancin riba. Tom tare da irin wannan ecstasy da kuma godiya yana aiki tare da burodin da ka ma so ka gwada wajibi. A wannan yanayin, Sawyer ya dage dukkan yanayin "yanayin", bayan da ya sake cika bankin yara tare da kwallayen gilashi, da kuma bera mai gani.
Wata rana, babban halin Roman ya hadu akan Finna Street, da jayayya ya barke tsakanin yaran a kan taken a kan taken a kan taken magance warts. Geclberry ya gaya wa wata hanyar da aka kashe cat da kamfen da dare a cikin makabarta. Daga wannan gaba, ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa na abokai sun fara.
Yaran sun zama shaidu ga kisan a cikin makami a makami, a kamfanin tare da abokin aikin abokin aiki Joe yaƙin Jirgin Sama ya tafi kan Tafiya zuwa Tsibirin kusa. Ga abokai ko da sun yi nasarar nemo kirji da zinariya kuma su juya zuwa cikin maza mafi yawa a cikin birni.
Kasadar abokai na ci gaba a cikin littafi na gaba, inda Gelcluser Finn ya zo da gaba. Tom ya taimaka wa abokin yin ya ce bawan Jim, ya tage duka impemet. Kuma a cikin litattafan na uku suna zuwa kuma suna kan duka balan - jerin gwaje-gwaje na jiransu kan tafiya a Amurka, kan sukari da tekun Atlantika.
A nan gaba, babu mai ba da ziyartar Arkansas, inda, sake tare da Finn, yaron ya shiga cikin binciken a cikin kisan da sata da lu'ulu'u.
Garkuwa
Mark din Twain ya kasance sau da yawa a cikin aikin da ya shahara. A karo na farko, Kasadar da Youngiyoyin Matasa sun korar ta koma Fina M William Taylor a 1917. Koyaya, hoton bai yi nasara ba. Amma fim na gaba, John Crwell a 1930, ya ba da shugabannin haya. Shekaru 40 daga baya, Amurkawa sun maimaita nasara - da waƙar kiɗa na Director don Taylor da sau biyu don zinare. Babban aikin ya tashi daga Johon Wiskea.
Faransanci ya yanke shawarar kusanci da kasada na yaron ɗan Amurkawa tare da iyakoki, wanda shine jerin haske "Kasadar Tom Sawyer" (1968), a cikin karamin tsari. A cikin maraɗa, reloly aljan shiga.
A cikin ƙasar SOVITZOV, alamar Romawa tweedyed decoders shima bai kula ba. Dangane da "Kasadar Sawyer", baƙar fata da farin yada teba'in da aka kirkira Liva frenkel da GleB Zatvnitsky a 1936. Koyaya, fim na Stanislav govorkhinhin "Kasadar Tom Sawyerkhin da Gercloberberry Finn", wanda ya bayyana a kan Scan fim din Soviet a 1981, ya ci babban shahara. Hoton Tom yayi kokarin fitar da Fedor Fedor, da abokinsa Gelclberry shi ne makomar da ke gaba Celadislav Galkin, wanda rawar da ta samu.
GOVOVOVOVOVOVOVKHIN tattara akan saitin 'yan wasan da sunan. A haruffan littafin Amurka sun yi wasa Ekaterina Vasilyeva (Aunt Bykov (Maflan Potter). Matsayin ƙaunataccen Tom - Bakki - ya yi 'yar Andrei Monovamaria Merova. An saka ma'aikatan fim ɗin: labarin layin fim ɗin da halittar Ukraine, Caucasus, Abkhazia, kuma a cikin kogin Mississipp, Dnipro ya bayyana.
Sabon karatun daraktan karatun littattafan Tuna da aka gabatar ga Kotun masu sauraron Hermin Huntmin Huntamin. A cikin "Tome Sibier" (2011), Louis Hofman (Tom) da Leon Sid (GECClberry) sun sanya matsayin.
Prodom Boris Shenfelder yayi magana a cikin wata hira:
"Tunanin cire fim ɗin game da Sawyer ya zo wurina bayan kallon" hannaye nesa daga Mississippi "da" dabarun kwastomomi ". Tunani kan waɗannan zane-zane guda biyu, na yanke shawarar cire irin wannan fim don yara da matasa manya, wanda ba zai haifar da abubuwan da yara ba kuma zai zama daga zamaninmu. "Tunanin da aka juya ya zama cikin nasara.
Siffar allo na ƙarshe na wayar salula Mark Tweed ya faru ne a cikin 2014. Fim ɗin "Tom Sawyer da Gerclus Finn Fin" na hadin gwiwar Jamus da Amurka sun sanya Joe Kastner. Yaron almara mara amfani ya taka ledauta.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A karkashin sunan St. Petersburg yana boye garinsa Hanneton, inda alamar ta haife ta kuma ta girma. Yanayin Tom Sawer yana da ainihin prototypes. Misali, intan, polly polly "sukan 'daga mahaifiyar marubuci, da Becky - yarinyar yarinyar laura Hawkins.
- Gidan wasan kwaikwayon kiɗan yara na dan wasan na yara a shekara ta 2005 ya sanya musyida "Tom Sawyer". Kiɗan da kalmomin waƙoƙin sun rubuta mawuyacin, musamman masu sauraro kamar kayan "Star Kogin".
- Gidan da ke da / Storey biyu na dangin Hawkins har yanzu suna yin nadamar titin asalin garin marubucin marubuci. Hukumomin Hannibal za su gyara ginin kuma bude gidan kayan gidan becky harcher. Game da, a cewar magoya bayan kerawa biyu, yana da tsada "cewa sosai" shinge daga titi, inda yara suka bayyana a cikin sabon labari ya faru. Conves, wanda wata rana ta yi asara tare da baya, ana samun su cikin kusancin sulhu.
- Mark ɗin alamu Twain ya cire masu fasaha daban-daban, amma mafi kyawun aikin ana ganin hotunan Robert ƙirƙira.
Faɗa
"Yana faruwa sau da yawa yakan faru cewa ƙananan uzuri na kowane kin amincewa, da wuya shi ne a cire shi." "Babu mafi muni da wawa da ɗan wawa. Ba don wani abu da ya ce: "Tsohon kare ba zai koyi sabon mai da hankali." "- Me kuke yi da rabon ku, Tom?- Zan saya drum, wani sabon saher, jan taye taye taye taye, wani Bulldog kwikwiyo da aura.
- Shin za ku yi aure?
- Da kyau Ee.
- Tom, ku ... ba ku cikin hankalinku! "" Abin da yake mai daɗi ne, yana da wuya a isa. "" Babban abu shi ne yin imani. Idan kun yi imani, komai zai zama da kyau - ko da mafi kyau fiye da yadda zaku iya aiki "." Ɗaukaka, ba gaskiya bane kuma mai mahimmanci, amma don ainihin daɗin abin da ke cikin zamanin, da Bambanci tsakanin mutum da kuma farkon an haɗa su da gaskiyar cewa fara ba wawa bane. "" 'Yan matan suna da abin da za ku iya koya a cikin mutum - ba su da ƙidaya.