Tari
Shahararren adadi a cikin duniyar kimiyyar halitta Albert Einstein (shekaru na rayuwa: 187-1955) Ku san mutane masu yawa don mutanen da ke fama da cutar saduwa.Einstein shine asalin wanda ya kirkiro laifin kimiyyar ta na zamani: babban masanin kimiyya shine wanda ya kafa na ka'idar karar da kuma marubucin kimanin maganganun masana kimiyya dari uku. Hakanan ana kiranta Albert a matsayin dan kasuwa da kuma wani adadi na jama'a wanda shine likita mai kyau kusan manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a cikin duniya. Wannan mutumin yana jan hankalin ambiguility: Abubuwan da suka faɗi cewa, duk da abin mamaki, leken asiri ne wajen warware matsalolin gida, wanda ya sa ya zama adadi mai ban sha'awa a gaban jama'a.
Yaro da matasa
Tarihin tarihin babban masanin kimiyya ya fara da karamin garin Ulma na Ulma, wanda yake a kan kogin Danue - wannan shine wurin da Albert da aka haife albert a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1879 a cikin matalauta dangin asalin Yahudiya.
Mahaifin kimiyyar Likita Herman ya shiga samar da na fiber-painded katifa, amma ba da daɗewa ba Albert ya koma garin Munich. Herman, tare da Yakubu, ya ɗauki ƙaramin kamfani yana sayar da kayan lantarki, wanda ya fara ci gaba cikin nasara, amma nan da nan bai tsaya gasar wasu kamfanoni ba.
Yayin da yake yaro, an dauke Albert kusan yaro, alal misali, bai yi magana da dan shekaru uku ba. Iyaye suna jin tsoron cewa su Chader dinsu bazai taba koyan kalmomi ba yayin da Albert da ba daidai ba ne yayin da ta koma lebe da aka haddata. Hakanan, mahaifiyar masanin masanin Paulina ya ji tsoron cewa yaron yana da raunin ƙuƙwalwa: Yaron yana da babban kai, wanda ya sha ci gaba, janar ta ta sha gaba cewa jikan ta sha kauri.
Alberret ya yi ɗan kadan tare da takara da ƙaunar kadaici, alal misali, gina gidaje katin. Daga kananan shekaru, babban masanin ilimin halitta ya nuna hali mara kyau ga ya ce: Ya karɓi wasa maraice a cikin sojoji, saboda ta nuna yakin jini. Ba a canza halayyar yaƙi ba a Einstein da kuma duk faɗin ruhunsa: ya sha wahala sosai da makaman makami da makaman nukiliya.
Tunanin mai haske na baiwa wani kamfani ne wanda Albert ya karbi daga mahaifinsa a shekaru biyar da haihuwa. Sai Yaron bai yi rashin lafiya ba, Herman ta nuna masa wani abu wanda yake sha'awar yaro, bayan haka, ya yi mamakin cewa kayan aikin ya nuna wannan hanya. Wannan karamin abu ya bude sha'awar wani saurayi einstein.
Little Albert sau da yawa ya koya wa Yakubu, wanda bayan ƙuruciya ya ba da ɗan ɗan kai ga ainihin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. Tare da karanta littattafan rubutu game da Geometry da lissafi, da kuma warware nasu aiki don matasa ya kasance koyaushe farin ciki. Koyaya, mahaifiyar Einstin ta Painina ta Bulina mara kyau a bi da Irin wannan azuzuwan kuma yi imani da cewa ga ɗan shekaru biyar, ƙauna don daidaitaccen kimiyya ba za a lullube shi cikin komai mai kyau ba. Amma a bayyane yake cewa wannan mutumin zai yi nasara a nan gaba.
Hakanan an san cewa Albert tun da yara sun sha sha'awar addini, ya yi imani da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a fara koyon Allah. Masanin masanin kimiyyar nan gaba da rawar jiki kalli abin da ya sa mafi girman tunanin Littafi Mai Tsarki ya daina yaƙi. Lokacin da yaron ya yi shekara 12, imanin addininsa ya yi watsi da shi a lokacin rani saboda nazarin littattafan kimiyya. Einstein ya zama sadaukarwa ga gaskiyar cewa Littafi Mai-Tsarki ingantacce ne don gudanar da matasa.
Bayan kammala karatun daga makaranta, Albert yana shiga duniyar nan wasan motsa jiki. Malaman sun dauke shi a hankali saboda rashin lahani guda. Einstein ya yi nazari ne kawai wadanda ke da sha'awar, yin watsi da tarihi, adabi da Jamusanci. Tare da Jamusanci, yana da matsaloli na musamman: malamin ya ce idanun Albert cewa ba zai gama makaranta ba.
Einstein ya ƙi shiga cibiyar ilimi kuma yi imani da cewa malamai da ba su san mutane da yawa ba, amma sun lalata cewa an yarda cewa an yarda da komai. Saboda irin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen, matasa Albert yana cikin jayayya da su, don haka ya kasance yana da wani suna kamar ba kawai a bayansa ba, amma kuma wani ɗalibin mara lahani ne.
Ba tare da kammala karatunsa daga motsa jiki ba, Albert mai shekaru 16 da dangi ya motsa zuwa Sunny Italiya, Milan. A cikin begen shiga makarantar fasaha ta tarayya na Zurich, an tashi masanin masanin kimiyyar nan gaba daga Italiya zuwa Sweden a ƙafa. Einstein ya yi nasarar nuna sakamako mai kyau akan kimiyyar kimiyyar a kan jarrabawar, amma Albert na Albert gaba daya ya kasa. Amma mahalcin makarantar fasaha ta yaba da fitaccen karen matasa da ya ba da shawarar shiga makarantar Switzerland Aarau, wanda, ta hanyar, an dauki nesa daga mafi kyau. Kuma einstein a wannan makarantar ba ta la'akari da baiwa kwata-kwata.
An bar mafi kyawun ɗalibai Aarau don karɓar haɓaka mafi girma a babban birnin Jamus, amma a Berlin low rated da iyawar masu digiri. Albert ya koya matani na ayyukan da dabbobin Darakta ba su jimre, kuma sun yanke musu hukunci ba. Bayan haka, masanin kimiyyar nan gaba ya zo ga majalisar zartarwar schnaneder, wanda ke nuna ayyukan warware ayyuka. Alberrt ya tayar da shugaban makarantar, yana cewa bai yi ne ya zabi ɗalibai don gasa ba.
Bayan nasarar bincike mai nasara, Albert yana shiga cikin cibiyoyin ilimi na mafarkinsa - Zurich. Koyaya, alaƙar da farfesa a cikin matasa na Sashen a cikin matasa na ilimin da ke cikin samari mara kyau ne: Ciki biyu koyaushe suna ta rantse.
Farkon aikin kimiyya
Saboda rashin jituwa tare da furofesoshi a kwararrun Albert, sun rufe hanyar zuwa kimiyya. Ya ba da cikakken jarrabawa da kyau, amma ba cikakke ba, Farfesa ta ƙi dalibi a cikin aikin kimiyya. Einstein ya yi aiki da sha'awa a sashen kimiyya Cibiyar Kwalejin Polytechic, Weber ya ce dalibin sa ne cewa ɗalibin nasa ya zama mai hankali, amma bai fahimci masu sukar ba.
Yana dan shekara 22, Albert ya karbi wani mataki na malami a cikin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi. Amma saboda wannan jayayya guda tare da malamai, einstein ba zai iya samun aiki ba, yana ciyar da shekaru biyu a cikin bincike mai raɗaɗi don samun dama na dindindin. Albert ya rayu da talauci kuma ba zai iya siyan abinci ba. Abokan malami sun taimaka wajen samun aiki akan ofishin mallaka na Patent, inda ya yi aiki mai kyau sosai.
A shekara ta 1904, Alberor ya fara yin hadin gwiwa da Jaridar Perty Medics, kuma a cikin littafin, kuma a cikin 1905 masanin kimiyyar yana nuna aikin kimiyya. Amma juyin juya halin Musulunci a duniyar kimiyyar aikata labarai uku na babban kimiyyar:
- Zuwa ga abubuwan da ke motsa jiki na jikuna, wanda ya zama tushen ka'idar dangantakar;
- Aikin da ya sa farkon ka'idar Quantum;
- Labarin kimiyya, wanda ya yi binciken a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a kan motsi na Browan.
Ka'idar danganta
Ka'idar Einstein ta Einstein a cikin tushen canza ra'ayoyin kimiyya, wanda a baya ya ci gaba kan mitsich da suka kasance kimanin shekaru biyu. Amma ka'idar danganta, wanda Albert Einstein, ya sami damar fahimtar raka'a na musamman, saboda haka kawai aka koyar da shi ne kawai na jimlar ilimi. Tarihin ɗari game da dogaro sarari da lokaci daga sauri: mafi girma saurin motsi motsi, mafi kusantar duka masu girma dabam da lokaci.
Dangane da dari, yana yiwuwa tafiya a cikin lokaci ta hanyar kawar da saurin haske, sabili da haka, dangane da rashin yiwuwar irin wannan tafiya, saurin kowane abu ba zai iya wucewa da haske ba. Don ƙananan kwari, sarari da lokaci ba a gurbata ba, saboda haka manyan dokokin makukan suna da yawa anan, da manyan hanyoyin da aka gabatar don wanda aka lura da shi ana kiran shi Relalaists. Kuma wannan ƙaramin yanki ne na musamman na musamman da kuma gabaɗaya ka'idar ka'idar gaba ɗaya.
Kyautar Nobel
Har yanzu ba a zabi Albert Einstein ga kyautar Nobel ba, duk da haka, wannan lada game da shekaru 12 ta sami kwararren masanin kimiyya saboda sabon ra'ayoyinsa kan kimiyya. Koyaya, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar sasantawa da kuma nakasa allbert don aikin a kan ka'idar tasirin hoto, wanda masanin kimiyya da bayar da kyautar. Duk saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan sabuwar dabara ba ta da juzu'ai ba, sabanin daga, wanda Albert, a cikin shiri.
Koyaya, a lokacin da telegram ya fito daga kwamitin game da nadin, masanin kimiyya ya kasance a Japan, saboda haka ya yanke shawarar bayar da ladan a 1922 na 1921. Koyaya, akwai jita-jita cewa Albert tun kafin tafiya ta san cewa an zaɓa shi. Amma masanin ilimin ya yanke shawarar kada ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Stockholm ga irin wannan lokacin mai daukar hoto.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar babban masanin kimiyya Shetaven ban sha'awa: Albert Einstein baƙon abu ne. An san cewa bai so ya sa safa, kuma ƙi ya goge haƙoransa. Bugu da kari, yana da mummunan ƙwaƙwalwa don abubuwa masu sauki, misali, akan lambobin waya.
Albert Aure Milich Marigic da ya Shekaru 26. Duk da auren dan shekaru 11 da haihuwa, ba da daɗewa ba matan suna da bambance game da rayuwar iyali, saboda jita-jita, saboda gaskiyar cewa Albert har yanzu Albert ya kasance kamar yadda Albert ya kasance kamar yadda Albert ya kasance kusan sha'awoyi goma. Koyaya, ya ba da shawarar matarsa kwangila game da haɗin kai, gwargwadon abin da ta samu ya cika wasu halaye, alal misali, lokaci-lokaci, sauƙaƙe abubuwa. Amma a karkashin kwantaragin, Milem da Albert ba su ba da kowane dangantaka ta soyayya ba: tsoffin matan har ma sun yi kwana daban. Daga aure na farko, da yaran yana da yara: ƙaramin ƙaramin ɗan adam, kuma tare da babba, masanin kimiyya ba shi da dangantaka.
Bayan kisan aure tare da kimiyyar Milea ta auri Elsa Ladental, dan uwansa. Koyaya, ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga 'yar Ulzy, wanda baya ci jita ga wani mutum wanda ya girmi shekara 18 fiye da ta.
Da yawa waɗanda suka san masanin kimiyya sun lura cewa shi babban mutum ne mai mahimmanci, ya shirya don ciyar da taimako da kuma gane kurakurai.
Sanadin mutuwa da ƙwaƙwalwa
A cikin bazara na 1955, yayin tafiya tsakanin Einstein da abokinsa, saduwa ce mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwa da mutuwa, lokacin da mai kimiyyar shekaru 76 ya ce kuma zai taimaka.
A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, yanayin Albert ya lalata sosai: Likitocin da aka gano Aoryursm, amma masanin kimiyya ya ƙi aiki. Albert sa a asibiti, a inda ya zubo. Ya watsar da kalmomi a cikin yarensa, amma nurse ba ta fahimce su ba. Matar ta matso kusa da gado, amma Einstein ya riga ya mutu daga hemorrage cikin ciki a cikin 18 ga Afrilu, 1955. Duk wanda ya san shi ne ya amsa game da shi a matsayin mutumin kirki mai kirki. Wannan shine rashi mai hauhawa ga dukkan duniyar kimiyya.
Faɗa
Quotes ya ambata a kan falsafa da rayuwa abu ne don wani tunani daban. Einstein ya sifanta kansa da kuma kwanciyar hankali wanda a cikin rayuwarsa bisa ga ƙarni ɗaya.
- Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu kawai don rayuwa. Na farko - kamar dai mu'ujizai ba su wanzu. Na biyun - kamar dai akwai wasu abubuwan al'ajabi a kewaye.
- Idan kana son gudanar da farin ciki rayuwa, dole ne a ɗaure ku da maƙasudin, kuma ba ga mutane ko abubuwa ba.
- Logic na iya kai ka daga abu a cikin abu b, da hasashe - ko ina ...
- Idan ka'idar lafazin an tabbatar da ita, Jamusawa za su ce Ni ne Jamusanci, da Faransanci - cewa ni ɗan ƙasa ne na duniya; Amma idan ka'idar ta karanci, za ta sanar da ni ta Jamusawa, kuma Jamusawa Bayahude ne.
- Idan rikici a kan tebur yana nufin rikici a kai, to menene tebur mai amfani?
- Cutar ciyawar teku ta sa ni mutane, ba teku ba. Amma na ji tsoro, kimiyya ba ta sami magani daga wannan magani ba.
- Ilimi shine abin da ya rage bayan duk abin da ya koya a makaranta an manta da shi.
- Dukkanin mu na kwayoyi ne. Amma idan ka yi hukunci da kifin ta hanyar iyawar ta hau kan itace, za ta rayu tsawon rai.
- Abinda kawai zai hana ni koyo shine ilimin da ya karba da ni.
- Yunkurin ba zai yi nasara ba, amma don tabbatar da cewa rayuwar ku ta zama ma'ana.