Tari
Semen Dejnev - Erdrowack Ataman, sanannen Ataman, sanannen saboda bincikenta Siberiya.
Dezhnev da aka haife shi kusan 1605, kodayake masana tarihi ba su da takardu da ke tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar. Game da wurin da na haihuwa, Ivanovich tsaba shi ma babu yarjejeniya. Mutane da yawa Malaman tarihi jingina zuwa ga gaskiya cewa Dejnev, kamar sauran gidan haya (Vasily Poyarkov, Yerofee Khabarov, Vladimir Atlasov) an haife shi a Veliky Ustyug. A cikin wannan birni a yau shine abin tunawa a Dezhnevu.
Koyaya, akwai tabbaci cewa a kan Sasarar Sandge a cikin yankin arkhangelsk a cikin karni na 16 (ko a baya), Peasantes-pomor Djnev, ana zargin shi, dangi na tsaba na Ataman sun rayu.
Dezhnev an haife shi ne a wani mutum mai sauƙin gaske da svrzlism ya shiga cikin aikin ban da ban mamaki da ƙarfi: Ta sami labarin mallakar kamun kifi, ya koyi kasawar kamun kifi, ya fasa tushe na jigilar kaya da kayan abinci.
Ɓama
A cikin 1630, sun karbi 'yan free mutane su bauta a Siberiya. A cikin Tobolsk, ana buƙatar mazaje 500, a cikinsu suna faɗo da Deznev. Babban matakin gabatar da kai, wanda aka aiko zuwa gefen nesa ya kasance babban ostyg.
Tare da wurare tare a arewacin Dali, An aika da maza ne ga dalilai daban-daban: Da yawa sun jawo sha'awar su zama dalaucin, wasu ya tsara abubuwan da suka samu game da baiwa ta Siberberia. Kusan kowa yana fatan cewa sabis ɗin zai kawo musu arziki.
Sabis a cikin 1630-1638. A cikin zirin Tobolsk da yenisisk, inda tsaba Ivanovich aka canjawa gaba daga baya, Dezhneva ya kawo wa majagaba a kan binciken da bunkasa sabbin yankuna.
A cikin 1639, Dezhnev ya nuna iyawar da ba a sani ba a cikin Orguty Volth, wanda ya ki da ya biya Yasak (haraji na halitta) ga hukumomin Rasha ba, duk da yarjejeniyar jaridar, duk da yarjejeniyar Rasha. An aika da Cossacks uku na jaraba zuwa wannan Sachai ta mutu. Dezhnev ya kuma yi kokarin guje wa zubar da jini, simulating kyakkyawar dangantaka tare da gimbiya - Sakamakon haka, madaidaici mai wuya ya cika.
A cikin 1641, a cikin mutane 14, a karkashin jagorancin Mikhail Stadukhina, Dezhnev ya tafi oykon don tara Yasmyk daga evens da yakuts. Da yawa rubuce game da Stadkin da Dejno, kuma a cikin 1984 Soviet fim "mikhailo da kuma duk sun bayyana ga mai kallo. Amma kar a manta cewa Stadichin ya zama sanannen mutum ne, kuma gudummawarta ga wuraren binciken yanki na Rasha ne ke da mahimmanci.
Bayan an yi hanya mai wuya ta hanyar babban ridages na Verkhoyssky Ridge da kuma zuwa zuwa Kogin Kogin, Stadukhina Detchment ya ji daga kogin kogin kogin kogin kogin kogin kogin kogin kogi. Fita cikin zama, matafiya a cikin teku an caje shi da bakin kogin na ƙazanta kogin, zama ya gano.
A cikin 1647, an nada Dezhnev a kan balaguron fedotition Fedot alekseever (Popova ko Hollogorz), amma yunƙurin yin iyo tare da bankunan Chukotka ba shi da nasara.
A watan Yuni 1648, Dezhnev da Alelseev suna ɗaukar ƙoƙari na biyu na balaguro: Daga bakin Kochy (da kuma "daban-daban na nahaniyar na Afirka" ya tabbatar da su. Abin lura ne cewa Popov ya yi yawo tare da matarsa-yakutka, wanda ya zama mace ta farko a cikin kasar, wacce ta shiga cikin balaguron Polar.
Caper a cikin bakin ciki, wadanda matafiya suka guji kuma wanda suka kira "babban dutse", daga baya ne ake kira Dezhnev na Cape. Akwai zato cewa Semen Ivanovich ya sami Alaska, wanda ya kasance mai yiwuwa ya iya yin jarumtar da kuma jarumi.
Kimanin mutane 90 suka halarci yakin nan, da yawa daga cikinsu sun mutu cikin raƙuman ruwa. Jirgin ruwan Popova ya kwashe zuwa ga gaci Kamchatka, inda 'ya'ya biyu suka mutu daga zing. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, sauran morelodes, Dezhnev ya sauka a kudu da kuma aadr bakin da ya kai bakin kogin. Daga baya, Dezhnev sanya up zane na Anadyr, aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki cikin iyo a kan kogin da kuma yanayin da yankin da kuma gaya game da Eskimos rai a kan gaba daga cikin Chukotka Larabawa da kuma a cikin makwabta tsibiran.
Bayan hidimar shekaru 11 a kan Anadr, a fall na 1650, Dezhnev ya dauki wani yunƙurin da ba a yi nasara ba don kogin Penzhina (Kamchatka ƙasar) ya koma. Bayan shekara ɗaya da rabi bayan haka, Dejnev ya buɗe babban fayil na ruwa a kan mashin (CORGI) a cikin yankin Anadr. Samun kashi mai rauni ne tushen tushen kudade, wanda ba za'a iya fada game da Jawo ba.
A cikin 1654, tarihin tarihin Ivanovich ya cika da kamfen guda biyu - a kan Chudans na Chukotka) da Koryakov (asalin asalin Koryakatka). A lokacin rawar jiki tare da na farko dezhnev, buga wuka a cikin kirji. Tafiya ta biyu ta zama dole, tunda Koryaki ya zaɓi hanyar Waltrus a kan "gorge na Rasha", zama masu fafatawa kai tsaye.
Daga 1662, Dezhnev ya yi tafiye-tafiye uku da yawa: daga Yakutsk zuwa Moscow da baya, shekaru 4 bayan haka kuma daga baya shekaru, daga inda mai binciken bai dawo ba.
Rayuwar sirri
Dezhnev bai yi magana ba, saboda haka wasu mutane suka rubuta wa umarni a kansa a gare shi, sun nemi Ataman idan da ya cancanta.
Akwai 'yan Rasha da' yan matan Rasha a Yakutia, don haka yan jari-kai galibi jakets. Don haka Dejnev ya auri sau biyu - duka ma'auranta sun kasance jaket. Matar ta farko ta hanyar Nexigtor ta zama Abaibwa Sichu, wanda ya ba shi ofan ƙaunarka - bayan haka ya bauta wa Voicedop Voicedop. Wataƙila, Dejnev ya kawo Hichu daga kogin Yana ko kuma ta kasance daga Lensky Yawo. Babu ingantattun bayanai kan wannan. Abin sani kawai an san cewa kafin fitowar matar a cikin kamfen na gaba, Abay rai ya yi baftisma a firist kuma ya karɓi sunan Orthodox.
Abakaye, a bayyane yake, ya riga ya dawo daga Moscow a cikin 1666, don haka majabcin ya karɓi matar da budurwa mai fama da Blacksmith, Calletement). Matar ta kasance tsofaffi, daga auren aure ta haifa da ɗan Osip. A waɗannan kwanakin da gwauraye ta hanyar da mazaye da sauri, aure, duk da yara da yara.
Shado daga Blacksmith ya kasance mallakar ƙasa - Bembol a tsibirin kusa da Yakutsk. Dezhnev ya yi alkawarin kula da stepskey kuma bi tattalin arzikin. A cikin aure na biyu, an haifi ɗan Athanasius ne a tsaba na Ivanovich, wanda daga baya, yake mahaifinsa, ya yi wa Ayuba Aadr. An ambaci wani pelagya a cikin takardu daban-daban - masana tarihi ya tabbatar cewa wannan ba shine mace ta uku ta Dezhnev ba. Pelagia - sunan kirista, wanda aka ba shi drip lokacin baftisma.
Wataƙila, Dejnev, kamar bayi da yawa, godiya ga matan Yakut da danginsu za su iya bayyana kansu da yardar kansu, wanda ya taimaka masa a kamfen.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1671, bayan sabis na gaba, Dezhnev ya tafi Moscow. Koyaya, shekaru da yawa na gwaji da sanyi da yunwar, wuya hayin a cikin hunturu da bazara, da raunuka da yawa sun lalata lafiyar Ivanovich tsaba. A babban birnin, ya kamu da rashin lafiya, ba za mu iya komawa ba kuma komawa zuwa Yakutia.
A cikin Moscow, mai binciken ya rayu game da kusan shekara guda kuma a farkon shekarar 1673 ya mutu - an faɗi a cikin albashin "littafin bustling" na albashin Yakutsk. A lokacin mutuwa, Dezhnev ya kusan shekara 70, kusan hamsin daga cikinsu ya kwashe cikin iyo da kamfen.
Inda jikin Ataman yake hutawa, ba a sani ba. A karni na 17, a cikin Moscow, ba a ɗauka don samar da babban kujera na gama gari ba - marigeded an binne kusa da majami'u na Ikklesiya, kuma akwai yawancin gidajen ibada a babban birnin.
Bude da nasarori
- bude kogin Kogin kogin;
- ya buɗe madaidaiciyar rarrabuwa biyu a saman;
- Na farko ya wuce daga Arctic Tekun cikin shiru;
- Ya buɗe kogin da aka buɗe ta nazarin namisi;
- Ya yi nazarin hanyar gabashin Asiya.