Tari
A karni na 17, alamun farko na 'yanci ya bayyana a Ingila. Lokacin da jami'o'in sun koyar da tiyoloji da kuma lokacin da aka kammala lardin Arsistle, da tsakar tarihi sun manta da Falsafa Falsafa, kimiyyar halitta ta zo don maye gurbin. Hakanan, karni na 17 ga Ingila wannan yakin basasa ne, alama ce ta sau a hankali sakamakon yarjejeniyar muhalli zuwa tsarin mulki. A wancan lokacin, an haifi babban falsafa Yahaya, wanda aka haife shi, wanda ayyukansu suka kasance bisa tsarin aikin Falsafa na duniya.Yaro da matasa
An haifi falsafar ta gaba a cikin 1632 a cikin ƙaramin ƙauyen ringi, located kusa da yankin Bristol County.
Mahaifin yaron Yahaya wuri yana daya daga cikin manyan lauyoyi a gundumar da ta rayu cikin wadata.
John Sr. Wetanci, lokacin da Ingila ta yi mulkin Karl, ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin sojojin Colomwell yayin majalisar dokoki. A lokacin juyin juya halin Musulunci, sanannen wuri saboda karimci mara kyau ya rasa duk ajiyar sa, yana ba da kudi ga mabukata. Saboda haka, Uba ya koya wa Sonan da kuke buƙatar ƙoƙarin yin rayuwa don jama'a.
Daga tarihin mahaifiyar masanin kimiyya, an san shi ne kawai cewa sunan da mata - sarki. Informationarin bayani game da macen da ta kawo wa falsafa zuwa litattafan tarihin ba su zo ba.
Yaron ya girma cikin dangin adawar, babu mahaifin, ko mahaifiyarsa ya goyi bayan tsarin mulkin mallaka, kuma bai tallafa wa tsarin mulkin Porchent offlyan ba.
Iyayen Yahaya sun kawo ɗan, kowannensu ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban saurayi. Don haka daga wurin Uban Locke Jr. Soyayya ga 'yanci da aminci don ƙarfafan abubuwa na yau da kullun, daga mahaifiyar Falrosofer ya gada.
Matar ta ji tsoron rasa yara, saboda Brotheraya ɗan'uwa John ya mutu yana cikin jarfa saboda raunin lafiya. Saboda haka mahaifiyar wuri ta ji tsoro a gaban Allah koyaushe addu'a.
Yaro aka kawo wani addini da tsananin, a cikin dokokin Puriyawa. Don mafi yawan, saurayin ya kasance cikin mahaifinsa, haɓaka nasa hanyar, wanda, a nan gaba, John Jr. ya yaba.
John Demon ya riƙe Sonansa a wani nisa daga kansa da cikakken biyayya. Daga nan ya yarda da yaron ya kusanci, da kuma sautin sauti da umarni suka koma ga shawarar rayuwa. A hankali, "mai jagoranci" da "karkashin" ya zama daidai tsakanin kansu kuma suna da alaƙa da abokantaka mai ƙarfi.
Locke ya girma tare da yaro mai kyau da kuma karanta yaro. Abokin Uban, Kanar Alexander Popham, ya ba da shawarar bayar da John Jr. A makarantar Westminster.
Balaga Falsafa ba tare da ƙara ƙara cewa wuri shi ne mafi kyawun ɗalibin a makaranta: Yaron ga dukkan abubuwan da aka bi da su da kuma tare da kusa.
A cikin 1652, kulle ya shiga Jami'ar Oxford, inda ya karanci magani, Helenanci da Latin, wallafe-wallafa, da dai sauransu. Kimiyya ta halitta a ɗalibin matasa ya koyar da Robert Boyle. A cikin shekaru na jami'a, Keke ya fara shiga cikin falsafar lissafi, da desprentes, wanda ya zama farkon duniyar da dalibi ya inganta.
Farkawar John Locke ta inganta malamin sa da mai jagoranci.
Dalili sun kula da abin da ya ƙi kalmomin ƙurar ƙasa waɗanda ba su da wata ma'ana, a duk John ya ce ya yi imani da cewa 'yar'uwar' yar'uwar 'yar'uwa ce.
Hakanan, Falsafa na gaba ya fara bin koyarwar John Wilkins, wanda yake da alaƙa da kimiyya, kuma masanin kimiyya Richard ya sanya ƙaunar saurayin don magani.
Ka'idar ilimi
John Locke ya rubuta mabuɗin "gwaninta na ɗan Adam razuming" a 1690. Kutunan Locke ya ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan kimiyya akan "ra'ayoyin Orgenal", sannan wannan ƙa'idar ta yi la'akari da dalika a karni na 17, wanda aikinsa ya yi nazarin John Locke.
"Tunani na litogenes" ilimin mutum ne wanda ba za'a iya siya ba, kamar yadda basu dogara da ji ba. Wato, waɗannan ka'idodin da ke haifar wa ɗan adam izini na duniya ta hanyar "ilhabi".
Amma Yahaya Locke bai goyi bayan wannan ka'idar ba, amma akasin haka, ya yi aiki a cikin labarinsa game da nuna hankali daga mahimmancin ra'ayi. Dangane da Falsafar, mutane suna za su zaba wasu ra'ayoyi (alal misali, binciken magani) ba saboda "ƙazamar" ba, amma saboda amfani. Masanin kimiyya ya yi imanin cewa tushen ilimin mutum shi ne tushen rayuwar da ake ginawa akan tsinkaye mai ban sha'awa.
Ana samar da hadaddun dabaru da dalili kuma ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyi masu sauƙi. Kuma kyawawan ra'ayoyin masu sauki suna faruwa sakamakon kwarewar rayuwar mutum: mutum ne "blank takarda", wanda ke cike da hangen nesa reflexia.
Don haka, Yahaya Lockis ya yi watsi da kagara, wanda ya rubuta cewa ruhu yana tunani koyaushe, kuma tunani ne na dindin rai na rai.
Dangane da ilimin falsafar Turanci, ilimi shine gwaninta, kuma a cewar diyya, yanayin tunani ne na mutum.
John Locke shine mafi girman Ingilishi na Ingilishi na karni na 19, amma dukkanin abubuwan da aka kammala na masanin kimiyya ba su da kansa da kansa, amma godiya ga wasu adadi. Sabili da haka, duk da fassarar tunani mai ban sha'awa, Yahaya Locke yana cikin marubucin kuskuren ra'ayi na Falsophical.
A cikin "gwaninta na hankali", tasirin ilimin halayyar dan adam Thomas da kuma kimiyyar Ishaku Newac Newton za a iya gano.
Manufar karni na gida a gaskiyar cewa iyakancewar duniya da sarari tana cikin mafi girman mafi girman duniya - Allah. Kowane halittu yana yin hulɗa da wasu kuma yana da burin ta. Nasin mutum ne sanin Allah, Masani ga Allah, sabõda haka abin alfahari a duniya ya zo.
Da
Bayan bayyanawar jami'ar Oxford, Locke yana koyar da tsoffin harsuna na shekaru, amma nan da nan da nan da nan suka bar wannan post din, ta hanyar ɗaukar tayin anthony Ashley Cooper SheflyBey. Lokacin da Anthony ba shi da lafiya da rashin lafiya, John Locke ya sanya daidai ganewar asali. Marasa lafiya da aka gabatar da John don aiki a matsayin gidan likita da kuma ɗaga yara biyu.
A wancan lokacin, Locke ya rubuta wasiƙu zuwa ga aboki Clairka da kuma bayyana ra'ayin tarbiyyar. Edward ya tattara wasiƙar falsafa ta waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen aikin kwadago "tunani na ilimi."
John ya tabbata cewa ayyukan mutum ya dogara da shi ba daga tsinkayensu ba ne, amma daga ilimi, wanda ke samar da halaye, nufin nufin mutum. Haka kuma, a cewar Locke, Ilimin Jiki ya inganta lokaci guda tare da ruhaniya. Jiki yana cikin ci gaban tsabta da lafiya, da ruhaniya a cikin ci gaban ɗabi'a da mutunci.
Tunanin da aka gabatar a cikin haruffa na Clairki suna nuna yadda One Lock:
- Burin Jiki, bin ka'idar horo, yau da kullun na rana da kuma liyafar abinci mai sauki;
- Darussan ilimi da wasannin ilimi;
- Yaron ya kamata ya ci gaba da sha'awar kuma yi abin da ya hana tunani kuma hakan ba ya sabawa halin kirki;
- Tun daga farkon zamani, yara suna buƙatar koyar da ƙwararrun mutane.
- Hukuncin na zahiri na yaron yana faruwa ne kawai tare da rashin biyayya ga halaka.
Ra'ayoyin siyasa
An kafa Jagoran John na John Locke a cikin ƙuruciya saboda iyaye.
Daga duniyar yanar gizo na Eceke, ra'ayin juyin juya halin demokradiyya, wanda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen na Falsafar: da "tunani a kan zalunci na azzakari" da ".
A cewar masana falsafa game da jihar, ya kamata ya ba da garantin 'yanci da kuma' yancin ɗan adam ɗan adam. A Booke ta ce dole ne mutane su yi zababbai ne, mutum dole ne ya yi biyayya da doka, kuma ba zina da raira hankali da manyan mutane ba.
John kuma ya fara gabatar da manufar rabuwa da hukumomi kuma ya kasance sadaukar da ka'idar kwantaragin jama'a.
Jihar ta wajabta don ba da tabbacin kariyar kowane mutum da al'adunsa, da kuma warware ayyukan wani laifi. Don haka, Lock yana da ra'ayi game da tsarin mulkin jihar mulkin tsarin mulki na doka.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin pinching da kadaici, John Locker ya wuce kn. Da alama babban falsafa mai rai ne wanda yake ƙaunar rayuwa. Koyaya, idan ba ta sami gida da bawa ba a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, to Locke ba shi da wani. John ba shi da rashin gida wanda ya ciyar da rayuwar gaba ɗaya cikin gidajen ƙasashen waje a matsayin malami, misali - labari tare da anthony.
John bai sanya kansa manufa don samun ayyukan tsakiya ba, duk abin da ya kasance mai tsari ne. Ya kasance cikin likitansa lokacin da wani zai tambaye shi, siyasa tayi nazari lokacin da zai yiwu, da sauransu.
Picky John Locke ba su ci amanar abu ba ga duniyar duniya, kuma yana yin hukunci da Littafi mai tsarki, yana jiran mutum a cikin bayan duniya. Zai yuwu a bayyana wannan a matsayin fa'idar zuriyar da lafiyar ta. Wani lokaci mutane masu raɗaɗi mutane suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci, amma koyaushe suna shirya mutuwa, tantance kansu a matsayin baƙi a wannan duniyar.
Babu mata da 'ya'yan masanin kimiyya. Locke yayi kokarin hada abubuwan da suka hada da manufofin guda biyu - Addini da Kimiyya.
Mutuwa
Shekarun da ya gabata na rayuwa, Locke da aka ciyar a cikin gida gida wanda mutum ya saba da 'yarsa. Matar tana sha'awar Falsafar, don haka kyawawan dabi'u na wuri sun mamaye dangin ta.
Clocke Leke rasa jinsa, fiye da yadda ya yi baƙin ciki, domin bai ji masu ba da gudummawa ba.
Falsafa ya mutu sakamakon asma ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1704 yana da shekaru 72. An binne masanin kimiyya kusa da inda wurin zama.
Faɗa
- "Duk wani sha'awar da ke tattare da jin daɗi ko wahala."
- "Da wuya a sami wani abu mafi mahimmanci don ilimi, don rayuwa mai kwanciyar hankali da kuma nasarar kowane al'amari da ikon mutum ya mallaki tunaninsu."
- "Ƙarfin hali na gaskiya an bayyana shi a cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma a cikin kwanciyar hankali na bashinsa, duk da kowane bala'i da hatsuwa."
- "Ayyukan ashirin za a iya gafarta musu maimakon cin zarafin gaskiya."
- "A cikin wani mutum, talauci ya kawo, ƙarfin hali ya zama m ..."