Onor de Balzac - tarihin rayuwa, hoto, rayuwar sirri, littafi mai tsarki, aiki

Tari

Onor de Balzac marubuci marubuci ne na Faransa kuma daya daga cikin mafi kyawun Pressaiyov. Tarihin tarihin da ya kirkiro ainihin yana kama da makircin aikinta - rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice, yanayi, rikitarwa da ingantattun nasarori.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1799, an haifi ɗa ne a cikin iyali mai sauƙi a Faransa (yawon shakatawa na birni) a cikin iyali mai sauƙi, wanda daga baya ya zama Uban littafin littafin. Mahaifin Bernard Fancois Balssa yana da ilimin shari'a, wanda ya tsunduma cikin kasuwanci, ya sake tsara filaye na matalauta da kuma manyan mutane. Irin wannan aikin ya kawo shi ribar, haka Francois ya yanke shawarar canza sunan mahaifi na asali don ya zama "matsi kusa da '' 'kusa da hankali. A matsayin "dangi", Balssa ta zabi marubucin - Jean-Louis Gez de Balzac.

Onor mahaifiyar, Anne-Charlotte Launura Salambay, yana da asalin asalin ariscratic kuma yana tsawon shekaru 30 fiye da mijinta, nishadi, 'yanci da mutane. Soyayya ba ta ɓoye daga matar ba. Anna tana da wani yaro mai ban sha'awa wanda ta fara nuna kulawa fiye da marubuci na gaba. Kulawar sama tana kwance a kan cormal, bayan da aka aika da yaron don zama a cikin gidan shiga. Yarencin na marubuci yana da wuya a kira mai kyau da haske, matsaloli masu gogewa da damuwa daga baya sun bayyana kansu cikin ayyukan.

Iyaye da Balzac don karɓar sana'ar lauya, saboda haka ɗanta a kwaleji wandron tare da doka ta doka. Cibiyar ilimi ta shahara don tsayayyen horo, tarurrukan da ke da ƙauna ne kawai don bikin Kirsimeti. Da wuya yaron ya yi magana da dokokin gida, gama da ya sami suna ga ɗan fashi da kuma ba a kwance ba.

Yana da shekara 12, Onor De Balzac ya rubuta ayyukanta na farko, wanda aka yi dariya. Littlean marubucin karanta littattafan litattafan litattafan Faransa, waɗanda aka haɗa waƙoƙi, wasa. Abin takaici, rubuce-rubucen yaransa ba za a iya kiyaye shi ba, malamai na makaranta sun haramta yaro ya yi girma da ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyinsa na farko ".

Mugunanci hade da sadarwa a tsakanin abokan da, tare da malamai, rashin kulawa shi ne bayyanar cututtuka daga yaro. Yana da shekara 14, dangi sun dauki wani matashin mara lafiya na gida. Babu damar murmurewa. A cikin wannan halin ya yi shekara da yawa, amma har yanzu ya fita

A cikin 1816, iyayen Balzak sun koma Paris, kuma a nan tsohuwar marubutan littafi ne a makaranta. Tare da nazarin kimiyya, OHore ya sami aiki a matsayin magatakarda a cikin ofishin notarial, amma ba su sami nishaɗi daga wannan ba. Littattafan Balz Balz Balz Balzac kamar Magnet, sannan Uba ya yanke shawarar tallafawa dansa a allon rubutun.

Francois yayi masa alƙawarin ba shi da kuɗi tsawon shekaru biyu. A wannan lokacin, dole ne a tabbatar da ikon tabbatar da ikon samun kuɗi akan kasuwancinsa ƙaunataccensa. Har zuwa 1823, Balzac ya kirkiro kusan fursunoni 20 na ayyuka, amma mafi yawansu da ke tsammanin sun gaza. Bala'in nasa na farko "Cromwell" ya soki sukar, kuma daga baya Balzac da kansa ya kira matasa kirkirar matasa tare da erroneous.

Litattafai

A cikin farkon ayyukan, Balzac yayi kokarin bin salon rubutu, ya rubuta soyayya, amma ba a samu nasara ba (1825-1828). A cikin marubucin marubucin na baya yana tasiri littattafan V. Scott, an rubuta shi cikin ruhun soyayya ta tarihi.

Sa'an nan (1820-1830) marubutan sunyi amfani da manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu kawai:

1. Romanticism na mutum, da nufin nasarorin gwarzo, irin su Robinson Cikin.
2. Rayuwa da matsalolin gwarzo na sabon labari mai alaƙa da kadaicinta.

Sake karanta ayyukan da suka yi nasara, Balzac yanke shawarar motsawa daga sabon abu na mutum, don nemo sabon abu. "Babban aikin" ayyukansa ya fara aiwatar da halayyar jaruntaka, amma al'umma gaba daya. A wannan yanayin, ƙungiyar bourgeois ta zamani ce ta ƙasarsa ta asali.

A shekara ta 1834, ororo ya haifar da aiki, da nufin nuna "zane-zanen kyawawan dabi'u" na wancan lokacin kuma yana aiki a kai a duk rayuwarsa. Daga baya littafin ne ake kira sunan "na Comedy". Tunanin Balzak shi ne ƙirƙirar tarihin falsafancin Faransa, I.e. Abin da wata ƙasa ta zama, tsira da juyin juya halin Musulunci.

Littafin rubutu ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa, gami da jerin maganganu daban-daban:

1. "Etwes game da Nrazakh" (sassan 6).
2. "Nazarin masana falsafa" (22 yana aiki).
3. "Nazarin nazarin" (aiki 1 maimakon marubucin da aka shirya 5).

Za'a iya kiran wannan littafin mai gwanintar. Ya bayyana talakawa talakawa, ƙwarewar jaruma na ayyuka da kuma rawar da ke cikin al'umma ana lura dasu. "Comedy mai ban dariya" yana cike da hujjoji masu ban mamaki, komai daga rayuwa ne, duk game da zuciyar mutum.

Aiki

Onor de Balzac A ƙarshe ya kirkiro da matsayi a fagen kirkirar bayan rubuta waɗannan ayyukan:

• Gobsek (1830). Da farko, rubutun yana da wani suna - "haɗarin damuwa." Anan akwai kyawawan halaye: kwaɗaitaka da kyama, kazalika da tasirin su a cikin makomar jaruma.
• "Shagreen fata" (1831) - Wannan aikin ya kawo nasarar marubucin. An Iffed da fannin soyayya da falsafa. Ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tambayoyin rayuwa da mafita mai yiwuwa.
• "Mace mai shekara talatin" (1842). Babban gwarzo na marubucin ya yi nesa da mafi kyawun kaddarorin a cikin hali, yana jagorantar rayuwa game da ra'ayi don kurakurai waɗanda ke lalata wasu mutane. A nan Balzac Mushro ya kafa tunanin game da 'yan Adam.

• "Bata rasa rashin fahimta" (buga cikin sassa uku na 1836-1842). A cikin wannan littafin, Doveror, kamar yadda koyaushe, ya sami nasarar kusanci kowane daki-daki, samar da hoton rayuwar 'yan ƙasa na' yan ƙasa. Ruwa mai haske wanda aka nuna a cikin aikin: son kai, son kai, sha'awar karfi, dukiya, amincewa da kai.
• "Glitter da talauci na Kurretzanok" (1838-1847). Wannan labari ba game da rayuwar labulen Paris ba ne, kamar yadda farko an gani daga sunansa, amma game da gwagwarmaya na jama'a da masu laifi. Wani aiki mai haske wanda aka haɗa cikin "Multi-gundumar" Districon "Distance" "na Comedy".
• Certativity da tarihin da Balzac na ɗaya daga cikin wajibi ne don nazarin kayan aiki a makarantun ƙasashen duniya bisa ga shirin ilimi.

Rayuwar sirri

Kuna iya rubuta wani sabon labari game da rayuwar mutum mai girma ta Balzak, don kiran wanda ba zai yi nasara ba. Tunanin yaro, wani karamin marubuci ya ƙaddamar da ƙauna ta wata rana kuma rayuwa mai hankali tana neman kulawa, hankali da taushi a cikin wasu mata. Sau da yawa yakan faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da matan da suka girmi kanta a cikin shekaru.

Babban marubucin na karni na 19 ba mutum ba ne kyakkyawa, kamar yadda za'a iya gani a hoto. Amma yana da magana mai iya magana, fara'a, ta sami damar kawar da mazauna matan aure a cikin wata hanya ta Monologe kadai kaɗai ta hanyar Replica.

Matarsa ​​ta farko ta zama Mrs. Laura de Bernie. Tana da shekara 40 da haihuwa. Wata saurayi ne ga mahaifiyarsa, kuma watakila, ya sami nasarar maye gurbin ta, ya zama babbar budurwa da kuma shawarar. Bayan tsinkaye na littafinsu, tsoffin masu son kansu sun riƙe dangantakar abokantaka har mutuwa har zuwa mutuwa.

Lokacin da marubucin ya cimma nasara daga masu karatu, ya fara karɓi ɗaruruwan haruffa daga mata daban-daban, kuma da zarar Balzack ta zo da balzac yarinyar da baiwa baiwa ta baiwa baiwa. Haruffa masu zuwa ta zama ta hanyar bayyananniyar girmamawa cikin ƙauna. Don wani lokaci, orsor yayi daidai da baƙo, kuma bayan sun hadu a Switzerland. Uwargidan ta juya ta auri cewa ba kunya ba.

An kira wurin da aka kira Aljama Gankaya. Ta kasance mai hankali, kyakkyawa, saurayi (shekara 32) kuma ya fi son marubucin. Bayan Balzak ya sanya wannan matar taken taken babban ƙauna a rayuwarsa.

Masu ƙauna da wuya sun ga juna, amma sau da yawa sake aikawa, da tsare-tsaren na gaba, saboda Mijin Evelina yana da shekara 17 da haihuwa kuma a kowane lokaci zai iya barin rayuwa. Da yake da ƙauna ta gaske a cikin Gankaya, marubucin bai ci gaba da kansa daga kotawa ga sauran mata ba.

Lokacin da ayar ayar Emzslav Ghanae (miji) ya mutu, Everelina ya tura Balzac, saboda bikin-da Bikin Faransa ya yi barazanar rabonsa da 'yan watanni da ya gayyaci Rasha (wurin zama).

Shekaru 17 kawai bayan saduwarsa, ma'auratan sun yi aure (1850). Onor sannan ya kasance yana da shekara 51 kuma shine mutumin da ya fi kowa farin ciki a duniya, amma sun kasa rayuwa rayuwar aure.

Mutuwa

Marubucin ƙaramar marubuta zai iya mutuwa a cikin shekaru 43 yayin da ya fara cin nasara da cututtuka daban-daban, amma godiya ga sha'awar ƙauna da ƙaunar Evelyn, ya kiyaye.

A zahiri bayan bikin aure, Gankaya ya juya cikin wata jinya. Likitoci sun tsallake mummunan ganewar asali ta hanyar rashin lafiya. Marubucin bai iya tafiya ba, rubuta har ma karanta littattafai. Matar ba ta bar mata ba, tana son cika kwanakinsa na ƙarshe zuwa zaman lafiya ta ƙarshe ga zaman lafiya, kula da ƙauna.

A ranar 18 ga Agusta, 1950, Balzac ya mutu. Bayan haka, ya bar matarsa ​​da ba za a iya mallakarsa ba - manyan bashin. Everelina ya sayar da dukiyoyinta a Rasha don biyan su kuma tafi tare da 'yarta zuwa Paris. A nan, bazawara da aka tsara a kan mahaifiyar Propzaik da sauran shekaru 30 na rayuwarsa ta sadaukar da ita ga lamuran abin da ya fi so.

Littafi daya

• Shuana, ko Brittany a cikin 1799 (1829).
• Shagreen Fata (1831).
• Louis Lambert (1832).
• Gidan Banker Nusingen (1838).
• Beatrice (1839).
• Matar Centnable (1834).
• Ajiye maganganu (1834).
• Mayya (1834).
• Soyayya da haƙuri (1834).
• Rasshowing Berth (1834).
• Rashin hankali (1834).
• Fachino Canaya (1836).
• Asirin na Mendajean de Cadignan (1839).
• Pierre ciyawa (1840).
• A uwargida uwarga (1841).