Tari
Martin Luther King shine mafi girman adadi na Amurka, kokawa game da 'yancin ɗan adam da' yanci. Majalisar Dakantakan da ke Santa Ana Amfani da kyautar Nobel na Duniya, da kuma ra'ayoyin daidaici ya zama tushen mai girman gaske. Wannan mutumin ya zama alamar kamuwa da rarrabuwa a Amurka, kuma tare da yawancin mutanen da suke a duniya sun yarda.Yaro da matasa
Karni na 20 a Turai. Kodayake an soke bautar a cikin Disamba 1865 saboda yakin basasa, halayen da jama'a suka nuna wariyar launin fata bai canza ba.
An yiwa launin launuka cikin haƙora kuma sun dauki mutane na biyu. Ba za su iya samun aiki na al'ada ba kuma an hana su 'yancin zabi. A Amurka, bayan yakin basasa, ka'idodin da ba a sansu da John Camise ba, gwargwadon abin da 'yan tsiraru masu launin ba za su iya tsayawa a kan wani farin mutum ba. An danganta mutane ga yawan launi tare da akalla karamin yanki na jini na negro.
A wannan lokacin, Martin Luther King an haife shi ne a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1929, Martin Luther King da Atlanta, wanda yake a Kudancin Amurka. A kudu, mafi yawan yawan Yahuda na tsakiyar aji da aka mayar da hankali.
Martin Luther King wani fasin Luther sarki wani fasto ne a cocin Baptist, kuma mahaifiyar Albert Williams Sarki ya yi aure a matsayin malami. Shugaban iyalin ya samo asali ne ta Michael, amma ya canza sunansa da sunan Sonan shekara 6.
Martin Jr. Ya kasance yaro na biyu a cikin iyali, kuma kada ku ce sarakuna na gaba don aji na sama da matsakaita.
An haife sarki cikin tsananin tsaurara da yanayin addini, saboda rashin gaskiya da iyayen wani lokacin sun yi amfani da hukunci na jiki. Amma Martin Manyan da Albert Williams sun yi kokarin kare dansa daga ƙiyayya masu wariyar launin fata.
Lokacin da yaron ya yi shekara 6, abokin nasa wanda ya takait tare da shi a cikin yadi, ya ce mahaifiyar ba ta ba da damar zama abokai da Martin, saboda baƙar fata. Bayan da ke faruwa da Albert, Williams ya yi kokarin cinikin yaron kuma ya ce martin bai fi muni da wasu ba.
Lokacin da sarki ya juya ya ɗan shekara 10, ya rera Rarra a cikin Choir na cocin Baptist. A wancan lokacin, Atlanta shine farkon fim ɗin "wanda iska take", da kuma Chilir ya halarci wannan taron.
Shekarar siyasa mai zuwa, Martin Luther King da girmamawa ta girmamawa ta yi karatu a makarantar Negro. Yaron bai da ya kammala azuzuwan 9 da 12, kamar yadda ya yi nazarin tsarin karatun makaranta kuma ya shiga jami'in Morhauz a waje cikin shekaru 15. A shekara ta 1944, Martin ya zama mai nasara a gasar masu magana, wanda aka yi a Georgia a cikin yawan masu launin.
A sabon wurin karatu, sarkin ya shiga cikin "ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ci gaban da na ficewa na ɗabi'a na 'yan wariyar launin fata suna yin duhu da fari.
A shekarar 1948, Martin ya kawo karshen jami'ar kuma ya karɓi digiri na bachelor da ilimin halayyar dan adam. A matsayin dalibi, Martin Luther sarki yana taimaka wa mahaifinsa a cocin Ebeyer. A wurin aikin Sarki, adadi na gaba Guy na gaba ya kasance mai yawan jama'a ne: A cikin 1947, Guy, Guy ya yarda da mataimakin mataimakin a coci.
Dan siyasar ya ci gaba da yin karatu a cikin taron tauhidin tauhidin a cikin birnin Chester, wanda a Pennsylvania. A nan, juyin juya hali ya karbi matakin Dr. tauhidin a 1951, amma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a cikin makarantar digiri na biyu da 1955 ya samu mataki na Ph.D ..
Aiki
Martin Luther sarki ya tafi a cikin zambayen Uba da kakaniniya, kuma a cikin 1954 dan siyasa ya zama fasto a cocin Baptist. A cikin rayuwa, wani mutum yana motsa ra'ayoyin 'yanci da daidaito mutane. Sarki yana da ikon ƙimar ɗabi'a, wanda ya aiko zuwa madaidaiciyar hanya.
Martin ya kasance mai aiki na Natophal ne, amma a shekarar 1955 ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar cigaba a Montgomery.
Martin Luther Sarki ya shugabanci kauracewa layin bas a Montgomery. A cewar yarjejeniyar da ba ta da juna, fasinjoji ba su da hakkin su mamaye layuka huɗu na farko na bas, wanda aka yi niyya ga Farin Citizensan ƙasa. Hakanan, wasu direbobin bas sun nuna rashin jituwa da ba da izini ba kuma an ba su damar cin mutuncin Amurkawa. Jama'a Parks Rossa Parks ya ki ba da izinin "mane gata", wanda 'yan sanda suka kama shi. Kuma wannan ba farkon batun ba da hukunci ga jama'a, a Amurka akwai wani aiki mai yawan gaske na mutane masu launin fata. Direban bas bai yiwa wani barazana ba, koda ya harbe fasinja na Amurka.
Martin Luther King, ba m tare da wannan matsalar ta jama'a, shirya wani m ba mai tashin hankali na sufuri, wanda duhu yake da fata. Fasahar ta kai fiye da shekara guda, kwanaki 382. Canza launin ya ki matsa kan safarar jama'a kuma ya tafi ƙafa tare da kira don 'yanci da daidaito. Wasu lokuta motocin Amurkawa na Afirka sun kori ƙaunatattun su, amma ba su yi amfani da jigilar jama'a ba. Kimanin mutane 6 da suka halarci hannun jari.
Tsawon lokacin da aka yi nasara, a shekarar 1957 gwamnatin ta yanke shawarar cewa hakkin wasu yankuna na Alabama sun gaza hotuna da tambayoyi tare da Martin a kan murfin.
Ba duk mutane da ke goyon bayan Sarki ba, yayin zanga-zangar ya yi ƙoƙari sosai, kuma sun yi kokarin busa gidan. Martin Luther Sarki ya zama nau'i na yawan launi, kazalika da alama ce ta gwagwarmaya don daidaitaccen yanci da haƙƙoƙi. Don da sarki ya kirkiro hanyar adawa ta duniya Martin Luther, an ba da kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nel.
Sarki ya tara zanga-zangar don kowane bayyani na rarrabuwa. Don haka, a shekarar 1962, Martin ya shiga alumma "Mottar Kiristocin Alabamiya ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Sarki ya karfafa gwiwa ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar na jami'an jami'a wadanda suka tafi ga tarbiyya. Kodayake Martin Luther King, Martin Luther ya yi tashin hankali yanayin, 'yan sandan da aka kirkira, alal misali, kan masu zanga-zangar sun fito daga zuriyar da suka fito don karnuka. Martin King kansa ya kasance mai kama da shi.
A shekarar 1962, Jami'ar Mississippi ta dauki nauyin baƙar fata James Meredith, wanda ya zama launin farko da ya shiga cibiyar ilimi. A cikin Amurka akwai abokan aiki na musamman don launi, waɗanda ba su da 'yancin yin karatu akan par da fari.
Ya ci gaba a cikin al'ummar Amurka, amma ba kowa bane ya yarda da rajista na Amurkawa zuwa jami'o'i, alabama Gorge Wallace ya kuma taɓa hanyar zuwa ga jami'a biyu baƙar fata.
Martin ya kare martaba da mutuncin 'yancin ɗan adam da ci gaba da gwagwarmaya na dogon lokaci tare da rarrabuwa.
Amma sanannen gabatarwa ya kawo mafi girman shahararren ra'ayi, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1963 kuma ya fadada Martin Biography. Kimanin mazaunan 300,000 suka hallara a kan Maris zuwa Washington hannun jari. Sarki ya nuna mafi yawan magana, wanda ya fara da kalmomin: "Ina da mafarki." Martin Losed Reduchization kuma ya gaya wa cewa ba matsala wane ɗan ƙasa ke yi, babban abin shine yana ciki. Shugabannin Marsha sun gana da shugaban Amurka Kennedy sun tattauna matsalolin da suka shafi mahimmanci. A shekarar 1964, dokar "kan kare hakkin jama'a", wanda ya ba da hakkin launin fata na haƙƙin 'yan kasa da ba ferruous ba.
Tunani da ra'ayoyi
Ba a iyakance shi da matsalar rarrabuwa ba. Wannan dan siyasar da aka yi don daidaitawa da 'yancin dukkan' yan asalin Amurka na Amurka, sun gamsu da matakin rashin aikin yi da yunwar.
Manta sau da yawa yayi balaguro kuma ya yi magana, yana kiran mutane don gwagwarmaya don haƙƙoƙin da ya kamata a tabbatar wa kowane mutum daga haihuwa. Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Martin Luther King, gwagwarmaya ta jama'a ya kamata ta kasance ba mai tashin hankali ba, saboda yana yiwuwa a yarda da taimakon yaren, kuma ba tare da taimakon taro ba. Luther ya rubuta littattafai da yawa da suka zama tushen motsa jiki a hannun dama da oda a cikin al'umma.
Rayuwar sirri
A lokacin rayuwarsa, Martin Luther wani mutum ne mai ban sha'awa tare da ra'ayin kirki, ya nuna misalin wani danginsa na abin mamaki, miji da miji, ƙaunar 'ya'ya huɗu. Tare da dalibi na Conservatory na Cortet Scott Mashin ya sadu da shi a cikin 1952, kasancewa a Boston.
Babban Chiang ya fi son shi iyayensa, kuma sun ba da izinin aure. A lokacin bazara na 1953, sarki da cortet sun auri gidan mahaifiyar. Martin Sarki Send ya tafi Martin.
A cikin faduwar 1954, sarakunan sarakunan Alabam zuwa birnin Montgomery, inda ayyukan Martin Luther ya fara.
Mutuwa
A cikin Fabrairu 1968, a cikin garin Memphis, Tennessee ya shirya dan wasan American Giran Amurkawa. Ma'aikatan sun yi farin ciki da rashin biyan kudade da ba su da yawa, da kuma halaye da halaye na, wanda ya yi kama da rarrabuwa: wanda ya yi amfani da shi saboda mummunan yanayi, ba kamar baƙi ba, wanda ya kamata Tattara shara ko da a cikin tsawa.
Mutane sun yi farin cikin mayaƙin martaba don haƙƙin Martin Luther, mai kare mai kamshi na yawan jama'a.
A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, sarkin ya sake bin Tenessee, amma siyasa dole ne ta canza jirgin, kamar yadda jirgin ya sami barazanar fashewa. A cikin birni, wani adadi na jama'a yana kama ɗaki na 306 a cikin otel "Lorein".
A ranar daga baya, Martin Luther Sarki ya tsaya a kan baranda na dakin, yayin da mai laifin Belokeli James Earl Ray ta Raifels daga bindiga. James ya harbe sau daya: harsashi ya fada cikin Jaw Martin Luuther King. Dan siyasa ya mutu a asibiti na St. Yusufu a 19:05. A ranar kiyayewa, Martin ya ce jawabin "na hau kan dutsen." Masu sauraro suna tuna ambaton daga jawabin:
"Kamar kowane, Ina so in yi tsawon rai. Tsawon rai yana da muhimmanci. Amma ba na tunani game da shi yanzu. Ina so kawai in cika nufin Ubangiji. "James ya kama 'yan sanda: wani saurayi ya rubuta sanin Allah. Mutumin ya yi imani cewa azabtarwa za ta yi laushi. A kotu, an ba da laifin shekara 99 da ɗaurin kurkuku. Daga nan ray ya bayyana cewa bai yi laifin kisa ba, sai dai kotun nace a kan laifin da ake kara.
Duk da haka, a halin Sarki Sarki, akwai mutane da yawa da ba a san ba da laka. Misali, bai kasance ba a sani ba, wane kayan aiki ne ga kisan ya yi amfani da sniper, kuma babu wata hujja ga James Cikin yunƙurin a kan sarki. Matar Martin ta juya ba da farin ciki da shawarar Kotun, saboda, a cikin rasuwar mijinta, mai laifi bai tsere daga kurkuku ba, kuma maƙarƙashiya ta siyasa. Saboda haka, cortet din ya ga labarin game da mutuwar Ray, kawai shaida.
Wanda ya kashe MARIN MARIN, DAGA CIKIN SAUKI NE RUWARTHY, wanda har yanzu ba a magance shi ba.
A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar siyasa a Amurka, kowace Litinin ta uku ta Janairu ita ce ta tarayya "Day Martin Luther Sarki". A ƙarshe, an kafe hutu kawai a cikin 2000.
Hakanan a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Martin Martin, finafinai na shirye-shirye suna ba da labarin ayyukansa. Kabarin yana cikin tarihin gidan tarihi na kasar Martin Luther King.
Faɗa
Martin Luther King ya shahara ga maganganun ba kawai game da 'yancin ɗan adam ba, har ma game da ɗabi'a. Version ƙarfin hali, ƙarfin hali, juriya da nability - wataƙila, karamin sashi na halaye da ɗan siyasa ɗan siyasa ke mallaka.
- Loveauna ita ce kadai iko da zai iya juya duk wani abokin gaba a cikin aboki.
- Idan mutum bai gano wani abu da ya shirya ya mutu ga kansa ba, bai iya rayuwa cikakke ba
- Idan an gaya mini cewa gobe ƙarshen ƙarshen duniya ya zo, to a yau zan shuka itace.
- Kimiyya ta kimiyya ta mamaye ci gaban ruhaniya. Mun gudanar da roka da mutane marasa ma'ana.
- Matsakaicin ma'aunin darajar ɗan adam ba yadda yake yin halayyar ta'aziyya da dacewa, amma yadda ya ci gaba da yin gwagwarmaya da sabani.
- Cowerdice tambaya - ba lafiya ce? Shafi mai tambaya - Shin yana da hankali? Abun banza ya tambaya - ya shahara? Amma lamiri ya tambaya - daidai ne? Lokaci ya zo lokacin da kuke buƙatar ɗaukar matsayi wanda ba amintacce ne ba ko masu hankali, ko da bukatar ɗauka, saboda yana daidai.