Tari
Thomas Morm sanannen marubuci ne, da falsafa da lauyan daga Ingila, wanda kuma ya kuma gudanar da shugaban bayan kasar nan. Shahararrun Thomas aiki ne da ake kira "Utopia". A cikin wannan littafin, yana ɗaukar tsibirin da aka kirkira a matsayin misali, nuna hangen nesan sa game da tsarin siyasa na siyasa.
![Thomas Mor. Thomas Mor.](/userfiles/126/17605_1.webp)
Falsafer shi ma wani adadi na jama'a na yau da kullun: Shi baƙo ne zuwa ga zamanin gyarawa, kuma ya karfafa rarraba addinin Furotesta cikin ƙasar Turanci. Daraja don gane matsayin Herrichic Viii na shugaban Cocin Ingididdigar, ya kashe shi a kan cin amanar tashin hankali. A karni na XX, An kirga Thomas Mora don fuskantar tsarkaka tsarkaka.
Yaro da matasa
Tarihin Tarihin Thomas Mora ya fara a cikin zuriyar London ta yi hukunci a kan gidan mafi girma mafi girma na Sirh Mora. Thomas ya bayyana a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1478. An san mahaifinsa da mahimmanci, gaskiya da manyan ka'idodi na ɗabi'a, wanda ke da niyyar ƙaddara alaƙar duniyarsa ta ɗansa. Ilimin farko na ɗan shahararren gadonta ya samu a cikin makarantar nahawu na makarantar St. Anthony.
A shekaru goma sha uku, Majalisa ya karɓi shafi tare da Cardal John Iron, na ɗan lokaci ya yi aiki da shugaban Ingila na Ingila. Mutumin da ya faɗi don ɗanɗano na farin ciki, wani mai sihiri da saurayi. Cardinal ya bayyana cewa za a "zama mutum mai ban mamaki."
![Hoton Thomas Mor Hoton Thomas Mor](/userfiles/126/17605_2.webp)
A shekara ta goma sha shida, Mor ta shiga Jami'ar Oxford. Malaman nasa sune manyan lauyoyin Burtaniya na karni na XV: William Gros da Thomas Linakr. An ba da karatun ga wani matashi da sauƙi, kodayake ya fara jawo hankalin kalmomin da aka bushe sosai, nawa aikin ɗan Adam na wannan lokacin. Don haka, alal misali, da kanta wanda ke da kansa wanda aka fassara zuwa Ingilishi da ke Turanci da kuma takobi "takobi na grany" daga Italiya Pico Della Mirandol.
Shekaru biyu bayan isowar Oxford Mi-Jr., A gefen mahaifinsa, ya koma London don cimma ingantaccen ilimi a fagen dokar Turanci. THOMAS Dalibi Dalibi ne kuma tare da taimakon Kataloli na wannan lokacin nazarin dukkanin duwatsun Ingilishi kuma ya zama mai cikakken lauya. A lokaci guda, yana da sha'awar falsafa, yana yi nazarin ayyukan da tsoffin litattafan tsoffin.
![Erasmus rotterdamsky Erasmus rotterdamsky](/userfiles/126/17605_3.webp)
"Mai Gudanar da" a cikin duniyar dan Adam don Thomas Morddam, wanda lauyan lauyan lauitar ta hadu a rantsuwar da na Ubangiji. Godiya ga abokantaka da Rottererdam, masanin Falsafa ya shigar da da'irar kananan Adam na lokacinsa, da kuma a cikin da'irar Erasmus. Kasancewar ziyarar Thomas Moromas Moromas, rootddamsky ya haifar da Sira "Y yabi ga ɗalibai".
Mai yiwuwa, lokacin daga 1500 zuwa 1504 Theanyan lauauna da aka yi a cikin gidan sufi na London Cartesan. Koyaya, bai so ya sadaukar da rayuwa ga hidimar ga Allah kuma ya zauna a duniya. Koyaya, tun daga nan, Thomas Mor bai bar halaye da aka samu ba lokacin rayuwa a cikin gidan su yi addu'a da hutun da ya kamu da kai kuma ya sa vlasanita. An hade wannan tare da sha'awar yin hidima da taimaka wa kasar.
Siyasa
A farkon miliyan 15, Thomas Mor ya koyar da haƙƙin haƙƙin da ke tare da gudanar da aikin lauya, kuma a cikin 1504 ya zama memba na majalisar daga 'yan kasuwa na London. Yin aiki a majalisar, ya fiye da yadda ya bai wa kansa ya bayyana a kan harajin ba da hukunci, wanda ya karfafa mazaunan Sarki Heinrich VII. Saboda wannan, lauya ya faɗi cikin rashin biyayya ga mafi girma echelons na gwamnati kuma an tilasta wa ya ƙi yin aiki na siyasa na ɗan lokaci, koma baya ga lauya aiki.
![Lauyan Thomas Morm. Lauyan Thomas Morm.](/userfiles/126/17605_4.webp)
Lokaci guda tare da jagorar alƙalai, a wannan lokacin, Thomas More da tabbaci yana ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ƙarfinsa a cikin wallafe-wallafen. A lokacin da cikin 1510, sabon shugaban Ingila - Heinrich VIII - ya sake yin sabon sabon majalisa, marubucin da lauya ya sake samun wani wuri a jikin babban jami'in majalisar dokoki. A lokaci guda, Mulki sun karbi matsayin Mataimakin City Sheriff London, kuma a cikin shekaru biyar (a 1515) ya zama memba na wakilan ofishin jakadancin Ingilishi da aka aiko don sasantawa.
Sannan Thomas ya fara aiki a kan "Utopia":
- Marubucin ya rubuta littafin farko na wannan aikin a cikin fanders kuma ya ba da jimawa ba bayan ya dawo gida.
- Littafi na biyu, babban abin da ya kasance shine labarin tsibirin almara a cikin teku, wanda ya fara buɗe a baya, kuma a ƙarshen ɓangaren ɓangaren aikin da ɗan gyara da kuma sanya kayan.
- An buga littafin na uku a cikin 1518 kuma an haɗa shi, ban da rubuce rubuce na marubucin, "Mazaunin marubucin, waƙoƙin da ke cikin waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi da kai tsaye.
"Utopia" an tsara ta ne don shahararren masana da masana kimiyya da masana kimiya na mutane. Ta yi tasiri sosai kan cigaban akida na Uwararren Utopists kuma ta ambaci shan ruwa na kayan aiki, daidaiton amfani, samar da daidaito, da sauransu. A lokaci guda, tare da rubuta wannan aikin, Thomas Mor Morm aiki a kan wani littafin - "Tarihin Richard III".
![Thomas Morg - Tariography, hoto, rayuwar sirri, Falsafa,](/userfiles/126/17605_5.webp)
Sarki Heinrich ya yaba sosai da "Utopia" na lauya mai baiwa kuma a shekarar 1517 ya yanke shawarar sanya shi ga mai ba da shawara na mutum. Don haka sanannen utpian ya shiga majalissar Royal, ya karɓi matsayin Sakatare na sarki da damar yin aiki a kan umarnin diflomasiyya. A cikin 1521, ya fara zauna a babbar talabijin ta Ingilishi - ɗakin tauraron.
A lokaci guda, ya sami taken, lambobin yabo na ƙasa kuma sun zama mataimakin ma'auni. Duk da nasarar aikin siyasa mai nasara, ya kasance mai ban tsoro da gaskiya, game da sha'awar wanda Ingila ya san adalci. A cikin 1529, Sarki Heinrich ya taimaka mana mai ba da shawara na dama zuwa mafi girman jihar Phote - post of Oub Chancellor. Thomas Morn ya zama farkon daga Bourgeoisie, wanda ya sami damar ɗaukar wannan post.
Aiki
Babban darajar tsakanin ayyukan Thomas Mora yana da aikin "Utopia", wanda ya haɗa da littattafai biyu.
Kashi na farko na aikin wani ɗan jarida ne na yau da kullun (aikin ɗan wasa ne da yanayin aikin jarida). A ciki, marubucin ya bayyana ra'ayoyin sa game da yadda tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa. Morearin Moreer ya soki hukuncin kisa, abin alfahari da magabtarwa, yana da wahala sabanin mutane tare da "dokokin" zubar jini game da ma'aikata. A wannan bangare, Thomas yana ba da shirin sake fasalin don gyara halin da ake ciki.
![Thomas Morg - Tariography, hoto, rayuwar sirri, Falsafa,](/userfiles/126/17605_6.webp)
Kashi na biyu yana gabatar da koyarwar mutum na Mora. Babban ra'ayoyin wannan koyarwar an rage zuwa masu zuwa: Shugaban Majalisar Sarki mai hikima ya kamata ya maye gurbinka da jama'a, aiki mai zaman kansa ya kamata a maye gurbinsa, ya kamata a yi amfani da kuɗi Kawai don kasuwanci tare da sauran ƙasashe (na gaba ɗaya a kan waɗanda ke jagorancin jihar), za a aiwatar da samfuran samfurori bisa ga buƙatun. Falsafar Mora ta Phorsophy dauko cikakken dimokiradiyya da daidaito, duk da kasancewar sarki.
![Thomas Morg - Tariography, hoto, rayuwar sirri, Falsafa,](/userfiles/126/17605_7.webp)
"Utopia" ya zama tushen ci gaba na gaba da koyarwar Utopian. Ciki har da, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar matsayin dan Adam na wannan sanannun falsafar, kamar Tommaso Camplanella. "Tarihin Richard III", sauran ayyukan da Thomas Mor, ya zama har yanzu ba a sake daukar nauyin muhawara tare da wani aiki na tarihi ba, wasu sun fi fasaha. Utucist kuma ya rubuta da yawa fassarori da masu aiki.
Rayuwar sirri
Tun kafin a cika zamanin Renaissance da shahararren aikin Thomas Mra da kuma kafin ya fara ɗaukar manyan hotuna a jihar, dan Adam ya auri Jane Chast daga Essex. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1505. Ta kasance yarinya ce mai natsuwa kuma nan da nan ta haifi mijinta na yara hudu: Godan da 'yan matan Cecil, Elizabeth da Margaret.
![Iyalin Thomas Mora Iyalin Thomas Mora](/userfiles/126/17605_8.webp)
A cikin 1511, Jane ta mutu saboda zazzabi. Thomas Morm, ba son barin yara ba tare da uwa ba, da nan da nan ya yi aure da amintaccen mice alice Midleton, wanda ya yi rayuwa cikin farin ciki kafin mutuwa. Ta kuma haihuwa daga auren farko.
Mutuwa
Ga Thomas Mora, Quotes daga ayyukansa ba almara bane na zane-zane - wanda ya yi imani sosai da duk tanadin koyarwarsa kuma ya kasance mai addini. Sabili da haka, lokacin da Henry VIII ya so ya dakatar da aure tare da matarsa, Morned ya nace cewa wannan zai iya yin Paparoma. A cikin aikin na ƙarshen, an buga m Clement a wancan lokacin, kuma ya yi gaba da tsarin da aka karye shi.
![Kahny Thomas Mora. Kahny Thomas Mora.](/userfiles/126/17605_9.webp)
A sakamakon haka, Heinrich VIII Rage alies da Rome kuma ya tsaya a kan hanyar don ƙirƙirar cocin Anglican a cikin ƙasarsu. Ba da daɗewa ba, Anna Bobley aka yi masa hukunci, sababbin matarin da sarki. Duk wannan ya sa zuciya mai ƙarfi a Thomas Moram, amma bai taimaki gidan sarki Elizabeth ba, har ma ya taimaki al'adar sarki.
Ba da daɗewa ba majalisar ta dauki matakin "aikin kursiyin": Duk Turanci Kulawa da rantsuwa kuma Anna Bolin Juyinsa da kuma ƙin Sashin 'ya'yan Henry da Anna Bolin daular Tudor. Thomas Mon ya ƙi kashe rantsuwa kuma an gama a hasumiya. A cikin 1535, an kashe shi da laifun cin nasara.
A shekara ta 1935, an kirga shi ne domin a guje wa fuska da kuri'un Katolika.