Tari
Ana kiransa sau da yawa ana kiransa "uba" na masana'antar kera motoci, saboda ya kirkiro hanyoyin da ba a sani ba. Ford ya karɓi takaddar patent 161, don haka mafi yawan masu ƙirƙira yana cancanci. Masanin masana'antu da sadaukar da rayuwa ga samar da motoci masu arha kuma sun nemi samar da injin kowane fata. Henry ta hannun Henry ya fara amfani da shi ne mai isar da injunan yawo. Kwayar kwakwalwar dan kasuwa, kamfanin "Ford Motar", ayyuka a yau karkashin jagorancin zuriyarsa.Yaro da matasa
An haifi masana'antu a gaba a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1863 a gonar Uba kusa da garin Dirborn (Michigan). William Fordiyuwa da iyaye litogat ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka daga Ireland. Yaron ya kawo tare da 'yan'uwa uku da' yan'uwa mata biyu.
Uba da mahaifiyar sun yi aiki tuƙuru a gona kuma an ɗauke su mutane masu arziki. Amma Henry yana da tabbaci cewa a cikin yanayin tattalin arzikin aiki, fiye da amfanin aikin aiki, don haka ba su nemi ci gaba da batun iyaye ba.
Yaron ya yi ilimi kawai a cikin cocin cocin kuma bai koyi ma rubutu ba tare da kuskure ba. Lokacin da ford ya zama shugaban kamfanin, ya kasa jawo kwangila. Sau ɗaya a cikin jaridar, ana kiran masanan masana'antu "jahilai", saboda abin da Ford ya shigar da shi ga littafin. Amma mai kirkirar ya tabbata cewa abu mafi mahimmanci ga mutum ba karatu ne, amma ikon tunani.
A 12, Henry ya rasa mahaifiyarsa, kuma wannan taron ya girgiza yaron. A daidai wannan, mai dan kasuwa mai zuwa ya fara ganin mai bincike. Ford ya yi farin ciki da ma'aikatan jirgin, motsawa a ƙarƙashin aikin motar, kuma ya yanke shawara a nan gaba don tara kayan motsi a nan gaba. Amma mahaifin ya so zama ya zama manomi, don haka sha'awar yaro ya yi a cikin makanikalen da ya fahimci sha'awar yaron.
A shekaru 16, Ford ya tafi detroit kuma ya zama dalibi a cikin keken din na inji. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, Henry ya dawo gona zuwa gona, inda ta yi aiki a gona, kuma da dare ta shiga cikin ƙirƙira. Don sauƙaƙe mahaifin aikin yau da kullun, Ford ya haifar da makogwaro, wanda ke aiki akan fetur. Ganin mahimmancin irin waɗannan kayan aiki, ba da daɗewa ba mai siyarwa ya sami. Henry ya sayar da lambar sade don kirkirar Tomas Edison, sannan ya samu aiki a kamfanin wannan sanannen dan kasuwa.
Harka
A cikin 1891, Ford ya sake shiga detroit sake don zama injiniyan injin at Thomas Edison. Henry ya gudanar da wannan matsayi har zuwa 1899, amma a cikin lokacinsa na kyauta, ya ci gaba da aiki akan ƙirƙirar mota. Ford bai kasance cikin abin da ya fi so ba, amma ya rayu ra'ayin ƙirƙirar mota mai araha. A cikin shekarar 1893, Henry ya yi nasarar cimma sakamakon - an tsara motar farko.
Gudanarwa na Edison ba su tallafa wa Ayyukan Hobbies kuma da shawarar watsi da magana mai ban mamaki ba. Madadin haka, a cikin 1899, na masu masana'antu masu masana'antu na gaba sun yi aiki daga aiki kuma sun zama ɗayan masu mallakar kamfanin detroot. Amma a nan mutumin bai tsaya na dogon lokaci ba kuma bayan shekaru uku sun bar m saboda bambance-bambancen a ra'ayoyi tare da sauran masu mallakar.
A wannan lokacin, ƙirƙirar ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasuwa bai cikin babban buƙata. Don jawo hankalin abokan ciniki, Ford Ford a kusa da garin a motarsa. A lokaci guda, Henry sau da yawa ba'a yi ba'a ba kuma ana kiranta "damu" daga titi. Amma mutumin bai ji tsoron gazawar ba ya raina tsoratarwar asara. A cikin 1902, gidan yanar gizo na ford ya shiga motar motar kuma ya sami damar ci gaba da samun gaban gwarzon Amurka. Aikin mai ƙirƙira shine tallan mota da nuna mutuncinsa, kuma mutumin ya isa sakamakon da ake so.
A cikin 1903, wani ɗan kasuwa na novice ya haifar da kamfanin "Ford Motar" kuma ta fara samarwa "Ford A". Inventor yana so ya samar da masu siya mai siye da samfurin samfurin da za a bambance shi da amincin da tattalin arziki. A hankali, Ford da ƙirar injin ya sauƙaƙa, matakan daidaitattun hanyoyi da cikakkun bayanai. Kiran da farko ya fara amfani da mai isar da isar da motoci, wanda shine ainihin bidi'a. Dan kasuwa mai baiwa ya sami nasara a masana'antar kera motoci kuma ta ɗauki babban matsayi a wannan masana'antar.
Henry Ford ba ya tsoron matsaloli kuma ya yi gwagwarmaya har ma da abokan hamayya. A lokacin da Ford motar ke fuskantar daidaito na masu sarrafa kai, ɗan kasuwa yana da juriya. Komawa a cikin 1879, George Selden ya karbi karatuttukan motar motar, amma bai san shi ba. A lokacin da sauran kamfanonin da suka gudanar da samar da motoci, Mai kirkirar ya fara zuwa kotu. Bayan kasuwancin farko na kasuwancin farko, da dama kamfanoni sun sayi lasisi daga gare shi kuma sun kirkiro ƙungiyar masana'antun mota.
Gwajin shari'a a cikin Ford ya fara a 1903 kuma ya kasance har zuwa 1911. Masanin masana'antu sun ƙi sayi lasisi kuma ya yi alkawarin kare abokan cinikin sa. A cikin 1909, Ford ya rasa karar, amma bayan bijinsa, kotun ta zartar da cewa dukkan hakkin mallaka ne na Selden, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da injin. A sakamakon haka, kungiyar masana'antar kera motoci ta barke, kuma Skord ya lashe Fasta Fossa don bukatun masu siyarwa.
Nasara ta zo ga mai kirkirar kirkira a cikin 1908 tare da farkon sakin Ford - T. Farashin Ford ya bambanta da sauki, farashin dimokiradiyya da aiki. Ko da Ernest Hemingway ya zabi wannan motar, ta canza a karkashin motar tsabta.
Tallace-tallace na Ford Motar ta karu da sauri, saboda motocin Ford sun kasance mai inganci, amma mara tsada. A lokaci guda, farashin "Ford-T" a cikin shekarun da ya fadi: idan a cikin 1909 farashin mota ya $ 850, a cikin 1910 ya fadi 550.
Don 1910, henry ford na babban Park Park ya kasance gini. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an yi amfani da Majalisar Weryor a nan. Da farko, an tattara janareta, sannan injin din. Yawancin ma'aikatan dozin sun tsunduma cikin siyarwa kowane injin, wanda ke yin ayyuka daban da rage lokacin samarwa. An kuma yi amfani da dandamali mai motsi, tare da sakamakon cewa chassis ya ninka sau biyu. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da suka shafi ɓangarorin samarwa, haɓaka yawan amfanin sa da kuma ƙarfinsa.
A hankali, masana masana'antu sun sayi ma'adanai, ma'adanan bakin kuma suka buɗe sabbin tsire-tsire. Saboda haka Ford ya sami cikakken tsarin hakowa: Daga hakar ore zuwa sakin motocin da suka ƙare. A sakamakon haka, dan kasuwar ya kirkiro daular daular da ba ta dogara da sauran kamfanoni da ciniki na kasashen waje ba. Don 1914, Ford ya saki motoci miliyan 10 ko kashi 10% na dukkan motoci a duniya.
Ya nemi inganta yanayin aiki a masana'antun. Tun daga 1914, jami'an albashi sun karu zuwa $ 5 kowace rana. Amma don karɓar irin waɗannan kuɗin, ma'aikatan ba dole ne su ciyar da hikimarsu ba. Idan an kashe abin da aka sha akan shan giya, to an kori ma'aikaci.
A masana'antar, yanayin aiki a cikin sau uku na 8 hours an sanya shi, maimakon biyu zuwa 9 hours. Hakanan, dan kasuwa ya gabatar da rana guda da hutu. Kodayake ma'aikatan sun bukaci yin biyayya da tashin hankali, dubban mutane sun jawo hankula kyawawan yanayi, da Ford ba su da ma'aikatan. Koyaya, har zuwa 1941, tsire-tsire na masana'antar masana'antar masana'antu da suka dace da haramtawar kwadago.
A farkon 20s, Ford ta sayar da karin motoci fiye da duk masu gasa a cikin tara. Daga cikin motocin goma a cikin Amurka, keran Turai bakwai ta ford. A wannan lokacin, masanan masana'antu sun fara kira "King na mota."
Tun daga 1917, Amurka ta halarci yakin wani bangare na entente. Sannan tsire-tsire na Henry sun dauki cikar umarni na soja da kuma samar da kwalkwali, masks gas, submanes da tankuna. Amma dan kasuwa ya jaddada cewa baya son neman kudi a kan zubar da jini kuma ya yi alkawarin mayar da sakamakon riba. A patriotic sauktuwar Ford an maraba da shi da kawunan hada-hada, wanda ya ta da ikon Masana'antu.
Bayan yaƙin, mai kirkirar kwayar halittar ya fuskanci sabuwar matsala - salla ta Ford-T sauke. A matsayin "Ford Motar" an iyakance, kuma mai siye yana son iri-iri. Bayanin Ford wanda zai iya ba da motar wani launi, idan irin wannan launi baki, yayi daidai da gaskiya, amma ba ya amsa buƙatun kasuwa. Dan kasuwa ya yi wani shiri a kan samun dama, wanda ya aiwatar da mota akan bashi, amma "Janar Mota na kamfanin" ya ba da shawarar samfuran da suka fice.
Tallace-tallace ya fadi cikin sauri, kuma don 1927, Ford na barazanar fatarar fata. Daga nan sai mai ƙirƙira ya dakatar da tsarin samarwa ya shiga ƙirƙirar sabon mota. Kungiyar SOGAD Har ila yau sun taimaka wa Sonan da suka halarci ƙirar ƙirar motar. A wannan shekarar, masana'antu masana'antu ta gabatar da Ford-wani samfurin, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar bayyanar yanayin da ke haifar da halayen fasaha. Wadannan sababbin sababbin abubuwan jagoranci sun dawo da matsayin jagoranci a kasuwar mota.
Komawa a 1925, dan kasuwa ya yanke shawarar kirkirar jirgin sama, wanda aka kira "Ford Atways". Saitun nan sai aka siyar da William stund kuma ya fara samar da jiragen ruwa. Bayan haka, Hort Trimmor ya shahara musamman. Wannan jirgin saman mai fasinja yana cikin samarwa serial a cikin 1927-1933. An samar da kwafi 199, wanda aka sarrafa har zuwa 1989.
A cikin 20s, Henry Ford ya ba da tallafi ga dangantakar tattalin arziki daga USSR. Masarautar samar da taro na Soviet na farko "Fordson-Putilaye", gabatar da shi a cikin 1923, an kirkire shi ne bisa tushen transpor ". A cikin 1929-1932, ma'aikatan motoci sun ba da gudummawa ga ginin da kuma sake gina masana'antu a Moscow da Gorky.
A farkon shekarun bacin rai, ford ya cika da hanzari, amma a 1931 Rikicin ya taba "Ford Motar". Wani digo a cikin tallace-tallace da ƙara gasa tilastawa Ford sake don rufe masana'antun masana'antu da rage albashin ga sauran ma'aikata. Gwaun taron ya fara karya ne zuwa ga shuka "Rouge", 'yan sanda sun tarwatsa mutane kawai tare da taimakon makamai.
Har yanzu, Ford ya sami wata hanya daga cikin mawuyacin hali saboda sabon kirkirar. Masana'antar Masana'antu ya gabatar da "Ford V 8" - Motar samfurin wasanni, saurin wanda ya kai 130 kilomita / h. Sabuwar samfurin ta sanya shi ya yiwu a ci gaba da samun cikakken aikin kamfanin da kuma ƙara yawan tallace-tallace.
Ra'ayoyin siyasa da Anti-Semitism
A tarihin rayuwar Henry Ford Akwai shafuka da yawa waɗanda suka sa hukunci daga zamani. Don haka, a cikin 1918, Mai kirkirar da ya sayi bugu "da 'yan' yanci 'yan zaman kansu" kuma bayan shekaru biyu sun fara rarraba ra'ayoyin anti-semitic. A cikin 1920, da yawa daga cikin littattafan wannan batun an hada a cikin littafi guda - "Bayahude na kasa da kasa". Bayan haka, ra'ayoyin da wallafe-da wallafe-wallafen sun yi amfani da samammis da himma suna amfani da su da samari matasa.
A cikin 1921, an yi haramci-mutanen Amurkawa 11 da aka yi da yanke hukunci game da ra'ayoyin da ke ciki, gami da shugabannin uku. A cikin 1927, Ford ya ba da kuskuren da aka shigar kuma ya buga wasiƙar motsin kaina a kafofin watsa labarai.
Dan kasuwa yana goyan bayan haɗin tare da Nsdap kuma har ma ya ba da tallafin na Nazis. Hitler addu'a Ford kuma yana kiyaye hoton mai ƙirƙira a cikin mazaunin Munich. A cikin littafin "gwagwarmina", an ambaci Ba'amurke guda ɗaya - Henry Ford. A cikin garin Possi (Faransa) tun 1940, Henry Ford, wanda ya ba da motoci da incines na jirgin sama.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekarar 1887, Henry Ford CLara Bryant - 'yar mai sauki manomi. "Sarki mota" ya rayu tare da Clara tare da farin ciki. Matar ta zama abin dogaro ga masu kirkirar kwaro. Bryant ya yi imani da mijinta lokacin da mutanen gari suka yi masa dariya suka yi soki abokan aiki. Wata rana, a cikin hirar, Ford ya sake rayuwa wata rayuwa ne kawai idan ya iya sake yin wasa Clara.
An haifi ɗan Edel kawai (1893-1943) daga wasu mata (1893-1943), wanda daga baya ya zama babban mataimakan Uba. Akwai sau da yawa sabani tsakanin Henry Ford da Edceel, amma bai tsoma baki da dangantakar abokantaka da aikin haɗin gwiwa ba. Uba wani mai ban sha'awa ne, yana son rudani dancing da kallon jirgin na tsuntsayen, Jazz, noisy jam'iyyun da hadaddiyar jam'iyyu.
Mutuwa
"Sarki Mota" ya mallaki "Ford Motar" har zuwa 30s, bayan da ya mika ikon Edesul. Dalilin kula da wani dan kasuwa na dan kasuwa daga shugabancin kamfanin ya rikice tare da kungiyoyin kwadago da kungiyoyin kasuwanci. Sonan Ford tun 1919 ya aikata ayyukan shugaban majalisa, don haka gaba ɗaya ya kwafa shi tare da sabbin iko. Bayan mutuwar Sonan a cikin 1943, tsohon masana'antu ya sake kaiwa da mai mulkin mota daga cutar kansa.Amma tsoffin shekarun ba su ba da izinin ta sarrafa kamfanin ba a matakin da ya dace, sabili da haka shekaru biyu bayan haka ya ba da 'Yarda Brazza da jikokin Brazza. Figportara mai kyau ya mutu a kan Afrilu 7, 1947 daga basur zuwa kwakwalwa. A lokacin, Ford ya dan shekara 83.
"King na Mara" ya yi nasarar gane mafarkin yara, barin bayan kansa daya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni a duniya. A lokaci guda, babban aikin masana masana'antu ba albashi bane, amma ci gaba ne a rayuwar mutane tare da taimakon beloved azuzuwan - ƙirƙira da samar da motoci.
Bayan ransa, Henry Ford Hagu na tarihin "Rayuwata, nasarori na, nasarantana ne", wanda ya bayyana hanyoyin shirya aiki a cikin kamfanin. Hukumar da aka gabatar a cikin wannan littafin da suka haɗu da kamfanoni da yawa, da kuma abin da aka ambata daga maganganun da ke da ke kasancewa mai dacewa a yau.
Komawa a 1928, dan kasuwa ya karbi lambar yabo ta Elliot Stordson ga nasarori a cikin masana'antar kera motoci. Yawancin littattafai da fina-finai sun sadaukar ne zuwa tarihin rayuwa da nasarorin Ford. Don haka, a cikin 1987, an fito da fim ɗin ta hanyar Ford: injin inji ", bayar da labarin mai ƙirƙira a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alamu na Amurka.
Faɗa
- "Idan kana da himma, zaku iya yin komai. Babbar sha'awa ita ce tushen samun ci gaba "
- "Idan ga alama cewa an sanya duk duniyar da aka tsara ku, ku tuna cewa jirgin ya tafi da iska!"
- "Sirrina ya yi nasara a cikin ikon fahimtar mahimmancin wani mutum da duban abubuwa kuma tare da shi kuma daga ra'ayinsa."
- "Ingancin shine yin wani abu mai kyau, ko da babu wanda ya duba
- "Idan kuna buƙatar daga wani don ba da lokacina da kuzari na kasuwanci, to, ku kula saboda ba ya fuskantar matsalolin kuɗi"
- "Abubuwan da ke faruwa kawai guda biyu kawai suna tilasta mutane suyi aiki: ƙishirwa saboda albashi da kuma tsoron dabi'ar."