Tari
Galileo Galili Galili shi ne mafi zurfin zuga na zamanin Renaissance, wanda ya kafa inistics, masu bin sashen na Newton.
An haifi masani na mai mahimmanci na gaba a Italiya, birnin Pisa Fabrairu 15, 1564. Uba vince Galili Galili, wanda ya kasance ga zurfin halittun Asistocrats, ya buga lemu, da kuma rubuta magungunan kiɗa. Virlinzo wani bangare ne na rikicewar Raurrats, wanda mahalarta suke kokarin rayar da tsohuwar bala'in Greek. Sakamakon ayyukan mawaƙa, mawaƙa da mawaƙa shine halittar ƙarni na XVI-XVII na sabon nau'in wasan kwaikwayon.
Mahaifiyar Julia Ammannati ta jagoranci 'ya'ya hudu: Babban Galileo, Virginia, Libya da Michelagelo. Youngeran ƙaramin ya shiga cikin ƙafar Uba, kuma daga baya ya zama sanannenta ga zane mai motsa jiki. Lokacin da Galileo ya yi shekara 8, dangin ya koma babban birnin Tuscany, garin da aka ba da dadewa, wanda aka san shi ne ga aikinta na masu fasaha, mawaƙa, mawuyaci da masana kimiyya.
A lokacin da yake farkon shekarun nan, an bai wa Galilin makarantar a Bendendininte na Vallomboz. Yaron ya nuna damar yin wahala, yaruka masu koyo da kuma daidaitattun kimiyya. Daga mahaifin Galileoo na gaji da kushawa da kuma ikon yin saiti, amma kimiyyar ce kawai ta jawo hankalin saurayin.
Nazarin
A 17, Galileo Galileo ya tafi Pisa don bincika magani a jami'a. Saurayi, ban da manyan abubuwan da aikin likita, zama sha'awar ziyartar aji na lissafi. Wani saurayi ya gano duniyar Laometry da tsarin Algebirin, wanda ya rinjayi Duniya ta Galilea. Ga waɗannan shekaru ukun da ke cewa saurayin ya yi karatu a jami'ar, ya karɓi aikin tsoffin masu tunani da masana kimiyya, kuma ya kuma saduwa da Ka'idar Heliorcus.
Bayan wa'adin shekaru uku na zama a makarantar, an tilasta wa Galiliee don komawa zuwa Florence saboda karancin kudaden don ƙarin horo daga wurin kara. Jagoran jami'ar bai yi shawarwari ga saurayin matasa ba, bai ba da izinin zarafin gama karatun ba kuma samun digiri digiri. Amma Galileo ya sami babban abin mallaka, Marquilalobal del Monte, wanda ya fi son Galilian's Bale-yaren a cikin filin ƙirƙira. A aristocrat patted don Ward kafin tuscan Ducucga Ferdinand i Medichi kuma i in ba saurayin saurayin da albashi a farfajiyar a yankin mai mulki.
Aiki a Jami'ar
Marquis del Monte ya taimaka wa Kimakin Masanin kwarewa don samun wurin malami a Jami'ar Bologna. Baya ga laccoes, Galileo yana jagorantar ayyukan kimiyyar kimiyya. Masanin kimiyya yana cikin batun batutuwan makanikai da lissafi. A cikin 1689, tsawon shekaru uku, mai tunani ya koma jami'ar Pita, amma a matsayin malamin lissafi. A cikin 1692, shekaru 18 yana motsawa zuwa Jamhuriyar Venice, garin shine PADU.
Haɗawa da aikin koyarwa a Jami'ar Kimiyya tare da kwarewar kimiyya, Galileo Sprishites "a kan motsi", "informs", inda ya musanta ra'ayoyin Aristle. A cikin shekaru ɗaya, ɗayan mahimman abubuwan da ke faruwa - masanin kimiyya yana ƙirƙira abin da ya dace ya kiyaye rayuwar ta sama. Abubuwan da ake binciken da Galilem suka yi tare da taimakon sabon na'ura, masanin ilmin taurari da aka bayyana a cikin rubutun "Star Bulletin".
Komawa a cikin 1610 cikin florence, a kula da TUSCAN DUKA Kozimo Medichi II, Galili Medichi Mesay daga cikin cocin Katolika ya hadu. A farkon karni na XVII, mai binciken ya yi aiki tare da babban share. Kuma mabiyan Colericus sun kasance a Jeɓaɓɓiyar bangaskiyar Kirista a wani asusun musamman.
A cikin 1600, Jordan Bruno ya kashe a kan wuta, wanda bai dame kansa ba. Saboda haka, ayyukan Galileo Galili Catolvics an yi la'akari da juna. Masanin kimiyya da kansa ya dauke shi da kimanin Katolika kuma bai gan su tsakanin ayyukansa da Christcentricce game da duniya. Masana ilimin kimiyya da lissafi da aka yi la'akari da littafin wanda ya inganta ceton rai, kuma ba a duk binciken kimiyyar kimiyya ba.
A cikin 1611, Galili, Galili Galilie ya koma Roma don nuna alamar Paparoma Paul V. Gabatar da na'urar masanin kimiyyar kashe mafi daidai kuma har ma ya sami amincewar kwarewar kwarewar babban birnin kasar. Amma bukatar masanin masanin ya jure yanke hukunci na karshe game da matsalar tsarin Hitocationic na yanke hukuncin rabo a gaban cocin Katolika. Papps ya bayyana Galili tare da m, an gabatar da tsarin zargin a 1615. An gano manufar Heliorcastrism a matsayin Hukumar Roman na karya a cikin 1616.
Ilmin filosofi
Babban Postatular na Duniyar Galili shine karbar ra'ayin duniya, ba tare da la'akari da tunanin mutum ba. Sararin samaniya shine madawwami kuma mara iyaka ne, ta hanyar Allahntaka Phelench. Babu wani abu a sararin samaniya baces ba tare da alama ba, kawai canji ne a cikin yanayin kwalin faruwa. Duniya ta duniya tana dogara ne da motsi na kayan masarufi, tunatar da karatu wanda za'a iya koya wa dokokin sararin samaniya. Saboda haka, ayyukan kimiyya ya kamata a dogara da ƙwarewar da sanin duniyar da ke kulawa da duniya. Yanayi a kan Galileo Truin gaskiya ne na falsafa, fahimta da abin da zaku iya kusantar gaskiya da kuma undardimar komai.
Galili shi ne kudirin hanyoyi biyu na kimiyyar halitta - gwaji da cirewa. Tare da taimakon farkon hanyar, masanin masanin ilimin ta shaidar hujjoji na farko, na biyu sun dauki madaidaiciyar motsi daga gogewa daya zuwa wani, don samun cikakken ilimi. A cikin aikin, mai tunani wanda yake dogaro da farko akan koyarwar Archimedes. Yanke roƙon dan Aristotle, Galili bai yi watsi da hanyar nazarin da mai ilimin arishan ba.
Ilmin taurari
Saboda ƙirƙira a cikin 1609, The Telescope wanda aka ƙirƙira ta amfani da ruwan tabarau na convex, Galiliey ya fara lura da saman saman luminais. Amma karuwar uku a na'urar farko ba ta rasa masanin kimiyya don gwaje-gwaje-gwaje-gwaje, kuma ba da daɗewa ba sararin samaniya yana haifar da abin da masanin ilimin sararin samaniya tare da ƙara 32-ninka a cikin abubuwa.
Luminin na farko, wanda Galili ya yi nazarin dalla-dalla tare da taimakon sabon na'ura, wata. Masanin kimiyya ya gano tsaunika da fasahar kumar da kuma takura a saman tauraron dan adam na duniya. Gano na farko ya tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a cikin kaddarorin jiki ba ta da bambanci da sauran jikin sararin samaniya. Wannan shi ne farkon yarda da yardar Aristotle game da bambanci a duniya da yanayin samaniya.
Babban gano na biyu a fannin ilimin taurari ya shafi gano tauraron dan adam hudu na Jupitter, wanda a cikin karni na 20 ya riga ya tabbatar da hotuna na yau da kullun. Don haka, ya karyata muhawara game da abokan adawar Copericisicus cewa, idan wata ya juya a duniya, kasar ba zata juya a kusa da rana ba. Galili Saboda ajizancin da na farko telescopes ba zai iya kafa tsawon lokacin rudani na wadannan tauraron dan adam ba. An gabatar da hujja ta ƙarshe na juyawa na wata na Jupiter bayan shekaru 70 kamar yadda masterini Cassini.
Galileo ya gano kasancewar aibobi na rana, wanda ya yi tsawo. Galiley ya yi tunatar da hasken, Galiley Galiley. Kallon Venus da Mercury, masanin sararin samaniya sun ƙaddara cewa bikin taurari sun fi kusa da rana. Galili Galili Galili ya gano zoben Saturn har ma da bayyana duniyar neptune, amma har zuwa karshen wannan binciken ya kasa ci gaba, saboda ajizanci na fasaha. Kallon tellowpe a bayan taurarin milky hanya, masanin kimiyya ya tabbatar da m adadi mai yawa.
Gwajin gwaji da a zahiri, Galilin tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ta juya ba kawai a kusa da rana ba, har ma a kusa da kalmar sirrin copernicic. A Rome, bayan da aka sanya liyafar maraba a cikin Vatican, Galiliee ya zama memba na Kwalejin Cibiyar Dei.
Makaniki
Dalilin tsarin jiki a cikin yanayi bisa ga Galili shine motsi na inji. Masanin masanin kimiyyar duniya wanda aka yi la'akari dashi azaman mahimmin abin da ya ƙunshi dalilai mafi sauƙi. Sabili da haka, inji sun zama tushe na kimiyya a cikin ilimin kimiyya na Galili. Galileo ya yi bincike da yawa a yankin kai tsaye na inji, kuma ya bayyana umarnin binciken nan gaba a cikin ilimin lissafi.
Masanin masanin ya fara kafa dokar faduwar da kuma tabbatar da shi da hukunci. Galilieo ya bude dabarar jiki na jiki tashi, motsawa a wani kwana zuwa sararin samaniya. Matsayin motsi na abin da aka bari yana da mahimmanci ga teburin zane-zane.
Galiliey da aka tsara dokar Inertia, wanda ya zama mahimman kayan masarufi. Wani gano shi ne mai ma'ana ga ka'idar danganta kayan aikin gargajiya na gargajiya, kazalika da lissafin dabarun da aka yi na pencillation. Dangane da nazarin ƙarshe, farkon sa'o'i tare da pendulum a cikin 1657 ta Geugulu na Geugicome an ƙirƙiri.
Galiliee ya fara jan hankali ga juriya da abin da ya shafi ci gaban ci gaban kimiyyar siyasa. Dalilin masanin masanin ilimin yana daga baya tushen dokokin kimiyyar kimiyyar lissafi kan adana makamashi a fagen nauyi, lokacin karfi.
Ilmin lissafi
Gilashin hukunce-hukuncen lissafi ya kusanci ra'ayin ka'idar yiwuwar. Kasancewa mai bincike kan wannan ilimin, wanda masanin masanin ya bayyana a cikin binciken "tattaunawa game da wasan a cikin kashi", wanda aka buga shekaru 76 bayan mutuwar marubucin. Galiliee ya zama marubucin shahararrun matala a kan lambobin halitta da murabba'un su. Kukunin Galili a cikin aikin "Tattaunawa game da sabbin kimiyyar guda biyu". Abubuwan da suka samo asali ne tushen tsarin saiti da kuma rarrabuwa.Rikici tare da coci
Bayan 1616, lokacin juyawa a cikin tarihin ilimin kimiyya na Galilahen, an tilasta shi shiga inuwa. Masanin kimiyya ya ji tsoron bayyana nasa ra'ayin a sarari, don haka kawai littafin Galilius ya buga bayan sanarwar sanarwar ta 1623 "Probreshchik ne na 1623" Probreshchik. " Bayan sun canza iko a cikin Vatican Galiliee, ya yi imani cewa sabon mahaifiyar Urban VIII zai zama mai kyau ga ra'ayoyin Copernikovsky fiye da magabacin sa.
Amma bayan bayyanar a cikin 'yan jaridu a cikin 1632, rubutun tattaunawa "game da mahimman tsarin guda biyu", mai binciken ya sake farfado da masanin kimiyya. An maimaita labarin tare da lokacin da aka kawo ƙarshen Galile.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwa a Padua, saurayi Galbile sun hadu da batutuwan da Spestean Jamhuriyar Gambiya, wanda ya zama matar farar hula na masanin kimiyya. A cikin gidan Galili, 'ya'yan Virtenba da' yar Viriya da Libya. Tunda yaran suka bayyana a waje da aure, 'yan matan daga baya dole ne su zama auruwan. A cikin 55, Galillieo ya yi nasarar halarci thean, haka sai saurayin ya iya yin aure ya ba da jikan, wanda a nan gaba kamar inna ya zama wani mayaudara.
Bayan binciken ya bayyana cewa, ya bayyana cewa, ya koma kungiyar Villa a Arheryry, wadda ba ta kusa da gidan da 'ya'ya mata ba. Saboda haka, sau da yawa, galili na iya ganin abin da aka fi so, tsohuwar 'yar matar, har zuwa mutuwarta a cikin 1634. Yetin Liber din bai ziyarci mahaifinta ba saboda jin zafi.
Mutuwa
Sakamakon ɗaurin kurkuku a cikin shekaru 1633, ya ƙi bin ƙasar Galili na Galili ya faɗi a ƙarƙashin wata yarjejeniya. Masanin masanin ilimin ya sanya a karkashin tsaron gida a cikin garin Archeryry tare da ƙuntatawa na sadarwa. Galilieo ya zauna a Villa na Tushan ya zama cikin sauƙi har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakin rayuwa. Zuciyar Genius ta tsaya a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1642. A lokacin mutuwa, akwai daliban guda biyu - Viviani da Torriclli kusa da malamai. A cikin 30s, na ƙarshe ayyuka na mai tunani an yi - "tattaunawa da" shaidar lissafi guda biyu game da Furotesta Holland.
Bayan mutuwar Katolika aka hana don rufe ƙura Galileo a cikin Santa Croce Basilica Crypt, inda masanin ya so ya taurare. Adalci gwada a 1737. Daga yanzu, kabarin Galili yana kusa da Michelagelo. Bayan wani shekaru 20, cocin ya gyara ra'ayin giamiocastrism. Dole ne baratar da Galili ta jira sau da yawa. Kuskuren binciken an gane shi ne kawai a cikin 1992 da Paparoma John Paul II.