Tari
"Muddin mutane suna da fa'idodi fa'idodin wutar lantarki, koyaushe zasu tuna da sunan wasan yau da kullun," in ji Heldgolts na Jamusanci.Michael Farray shine masanin ilimin kimiyyar turanci, mai sanshi, mahaliccin aikin a kan filin lantarki. Ya buɗe shigo da lantarki, wanda shine tushen samar da wutar lantarki da aikace-aikace a cikin yanayin zamani.Yaro da matasa
An haife Michael Farray ranar 22 ga Satumbar, 1791 a cikin Battle Battts, ba da nisa da London. Mahaifiyar - James Fareday (1761-1810), kuznets. Mama - Margaret (1764-1838). Baya ga Michael, Robert da 'yan'uwa Elizabeth da Margaret sun yi girma a cikin iyali. Michael bai riƙa sanar da kansa a makaranta ba, sai ya tafi tare a cikin wani ɗan lokaci a shekara 13.
An kasa ilimi. Karanta littattafai a cikin ilimin lissafi da ilmin sunadarai sun gamsu da sanin ilimin littattafai a cikin shagon na sama. Saurayi ya kashe gwaje-gwajen farko. Gina tushen yanzu - "Leiden Bank". Uba da ɗan'uwa sun goyi bayan Michael a cikin jan zuwa gwaji.
A cikin 1810, saurayi ɗan shekara 19 ya zama memba na kulob na falsafa, wanda aka karanta lafazin kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin taurari. Michael ya shiga cikin rikice-rikicen kimiyya. Wani saurayi mai baiwa ya jawo hankalin malamin masanin kimiyya. Mai siye na littafin William Dance Dance Dance Dance Dance - Kyauta don Ziyarar Lakiki da Aka Suruciya, The Wutar Davolher .
Masanin kimiyya na gaba, ya ji kunya latunan Gempshri Davy, wanda ya shirya kuma ya aiko da farfesa, tare da wasika, tare da wasika don samun wasu aiki a Cibiyar Royal. Davy ya shiga cikin makomar saurayin, da kuma bayan ɗan lokaci, Farmalars mai shekaru 22 da haihuwa ya sami aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Kimiyya
Yin nauyin da aka yi na Mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje, Fahayays bai rasa damar ba don sauraron karu, a cikin shirye-shiryen da suka halarci. Hakanan, tare da albarkar da Davy, wani saurayi ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen nasa. Karatun da fasaha na aikin aikin tare da mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya sanya shi Mataimakin Mataimakin Davy.
A shekarar 1813, Davy ya dauki matsayin wasan na Fahad a cikin tafiya mai shekaru biyu Tarayyar Turai. A yayin tafiya, matasa masanin masanin kimiyya ya sadu da hasken kimiyyar duniya: Andre-Marie Ampera, Joseph Louis Gay-Lousandro Volta.
Bayan dawowa London a cikin 1815, Fahayaya ya karbi gidan mataimaki. A cikin layi daya, abin da aka fi so ci gaba - sanya nasa gwaje-gwajen. Don rayuwar Farrayhay, akwai gwaje-gwajen 30,000. A cikin da'irar kimiyya don pedantry da aiki tuƙuru, ya sami taken "Sarki na gwaje-gwajen". Bayanin kowane goguwa da aka rasa cikin guba. Daga baya, a 1931 an buga waɗannan sigari.
An buga fitowar Bugun farko na FARADY A 1816. Zuwa 1819, an buga ayyukan 40. Ayyuka suna da sadaukar da su ne don sunadarai. A shekarar 1820, daga yawan gwaje-gwajen da suke da Alloys, wani matashi masanin masanin kimiyya ya gano cewa alƙawarin ƙarfe na nishi da ƙari na nickel baya ba da iskar shaka. Amma sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da suka wuce ta metilurgists. An bude bude bakin karfe da yawa an lasafta shi daga baya.
A shekarar 1820, Fahayay ta zama mai daukar hoto ta kwantar da hankali na Cibiyar sarki. Ya zuwa 1821, ya sa wa kimantawa kimiyyar lissafi daga sunadarai. Farrays ya yi a matsayin masanin kimiyya, wanda aka samu nauyi a cikin al'ummomin kimiyya. An buga labarin a kan ka'idar motar lantarki, wanda ya sanya farkon injin injin lantarki.
Filin lantarki
A shekara ta 1820, Farayday, aka ɗauke ta a cikin ma'amala da wutar lantarki da filin magnetic. A wannan lokacin, manufar "DC tushen" (A. Volt), "Eltromalysis", "wutan lantarki", "An gano Lightsromagnet". A wannan lokacin, electrostamics da Eleyrosdynamics sun ci gaba, ana buga gwaje-gwajen Bio, savara, an buga aiki tare da wutar lantarki da magane. A. An buga Ampere a kan Uldicromagnetism.
A cikin 1821, hasken ya ga aikin Fahayday "akan wasu sabbin ƙungiyoyi masu lantarki da kuma ka'idar magnetism". A ciki, masanin masanin ya gabatar da gwaje-gwajen tare da wani kifayen Magnetic yana jujjuyawa a kewayen katako, wannan shine, ya aiwatar da canjin kuzarin lantarki zuwa injin lantarki. A zahiri, ya gabatar da farko a duniya, ya zarge shi da farko, motar lantarki.
Furnar da aka gano da korafin William Vollantston (ya buɗe Palladium, Rhodium, an gina gradium, da aka gina yi masa gyara da kuma goniyoeter). A cikin korafi ga Farfesa Davy, wanda masanin ilimin kimiya ya zarge Farrayday a cikin sata ra'ayoyi da ke jujjuya kibiya. Labarin ya yi jin daɗi. Davy ya ɗauki matsayin Vollaston. Kawai taron mutum ne kawai na masana kimiyya biyu da kuma nuna matsayin su ta Fahaya ta iya sasanta rikici. Vollastton watsi da da'awar. Davy da dangantakar Fahays sun rasa tsohuwar su. Kodayake farkon kwanakin ƙarshe bai gaji da maimaita cewa Farrays su ne babban gano su ba.
A cikin Janairu 1824, memba ne na FAYHARY Server London. Farfesa Davy ya sa.
A cikin 1823 ya zama memba mai dacewa a cikin ilimin kimiyya na Paris.
A shekarar 1825, Michael Farrayay ya dauki wurin Davi a matsayin darektan dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar lissafi da sunadarai na Cibiyar Mulki.
Bayan gano 1821, masanin kimiyya bai buga aiki ba. A cikin 1831, ya zama ya zama furotin Vulja (makarantar sakandare ta soja), a shekarar 1833, wani farfesa ne a littafin sunadarai na soja. Ya gudanar da rikisunan kimiyya, lectored a cikin tarurrukan kimiyya.
Komawa cikin 1820, Fahadal ta kasance sha'awar game da kwarewar Hans Erseda: Mowernungiyar Cikin Cikin Wuta ta haifar da motsi na kibiya na Magnetic. A halin yanzu da ke faruwa ya haifar da abin da ya faru na Magnetism. Farahayay ya ba da shawarar cewa, saboda haka, magnetsm na iya haifar da wutar lantarki. Na farko ambaci Ka'idar ya bayyana a cikin littafin masanin kimiyya a cikin 1822. Shekaru goma na gwaje-gwajen sun tafi zagin asirin da ke haifar da shigo da wutar lantarki.
Nasarar ta zo ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 1831. Na'urar, wanda ya ba da izinin farauta don yin kyakkyawar ganowa, wanda ya kunshi zobe na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma saitin taɓun waya daga rauni biyu. A cikin sarkar rabin zobe, an rufe waya, ta kasance wani kibiya ce. Haske na biyu da aka haɗa zuwa baturin wallite. Lokacin da aka kunna halin yanzu, kibiya magnetic tayi hawa a cikin shugabanci guda, kuma lokacin da aka kashe zuwa wani. Fahadaya ya kammala da cewa magnet zai iya canza magnetism cikin kuzarin lantarki.
Sabili da abin mamaki "abin da ya faru na lantarki a cikin wani rufaffiyar da'ira tare da canji a cikin juzu'in Magnetic ya wuce ta hanyar" ana kiranta shigarwar lantarki. Gano na fitilun lantarki ya buɗe hanyar tushen yanayin yanzu - janareta lantarki.
Gasar da aka yiwa farkon sabon jerin gwano na gwaje-gwajen masana nazarin wadanda suka ba duniya "bincike na gwaji kan wutar lantarki". Farrays gogaggen ya tabbatar da yanayin da abin da ya faru na makamashi na lantarki, mai zaman kanta da hanyar, wanda aka haifar da halin da ake ciki na yanzu.
A shekarar 1832, kimiyyar lissafi ta ba da lambar yabo ta Copli.
Fareday ya zama marubucin farkon mai juyawa. Ya kasance yana da manufar "Dokar". A cikin 1836, ta da yawa gwaji, ya tabbatar da cewa laifin na yanzu yana da tasiri ne a kan shugaba harsashi ne, barin abubuwa a ciki. A cikin ilimin kimiyya, na'urar da aka yi a kan ka'idar wannan sabon abu ana kiranta sel na fareday.
Ganowa da ayyuka
An bude Mikal Faura mai ba da izini ba kawai ga kimiyyar lissafi ba. A cikin 1824, da Benzeylene ya bude su. Masanin kimiyya ya kawo siffar ruwa na chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ya samu Hexhloran kira.
A shekara ta 1835, FAARYAYE saboda cutar an tilasta musu yin hutu na shekaru biyu a aiki. Dalilin cutar ana zargin cewa yana hulɗa da masanin kimiyya yayin gwaje-gwaje tare da ma'aurata na Mercury. Ga ɗan gajeren tafiya bayan murmurewa, a cikin 1840, Farfesa sake rauni. Rashin ƙarfi, akwai asarar ƙwaƙwalwar da aka yi. Lokacin dawo da shi an jinkirta tsawon shekaru 4. A cikin 1841, a cikin kasancewar likitoci, masanin masanin ya ci tafiya ta hanyar Turai.
Iyalin sun rayu cikin kusan talauci. Dangane da shaidar tarirogaya daga tarihin John John John ya karbi fensho na 22 fam a kowace shekara. A shekarar 1841, Firayim Minista William Lam, ubangidi William Lam, ubel Melbourne, a karkashin lafiye na jama'a da aka sanya masa hukunci yana sanya fam 300 a shekara.
A shekarar 1845, babban masanin masanin ilimin ya jawo hankalin al'umman duniya tare da wasu karin bincike: Gano sakamako mai ban mamaki ") da Diamagnetism (Magnayning na kayan filin sihiri na waje yana aiki a kai).
Gwamnatin Ingila ba ta taba tambayar Michael Fareday don taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin da suka shafi batutuwan fasaha ba. Masanin ilimin kimiyya ya bunkule wani shirin kayan aiki na kayan wuta, hanyoyin hada lalata da filayen jiragen ruwa, kwararre ne ta hanyar shari'a. Kasancewa ta dabi'ar mutum mai kyau da ƙauna, ƙi yarda da shiga cikin ƙirƙirar makaman sunadarai don yakin da aka yi tare da Rasha a cikin yakin sunadarai.
A cikin 1848, Sarauniya Victoria ta gabatar da gidan a bankin hagu na Thames, Kotun Hampton. Kudin Sarauniya ta biya kudin da suka biya da haraji a kusa da gidan. Masanin kimiyya tare da danginsa sun koma wurinsa, ya bar karar a cikin 1858.
Rayuwar sirri
Michael Fareday ya auri Sara Barnart (1800-1879). Saratu - 'yar uwa fried fareday. Tsarin hannun da zukatan 'yan shekaru 20 da haihuwa bai kai ba nan da nan - matasa masanin kimiyya ya rushe. Barka da bikin aure mai kyau a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1821. Shekaru da yawa daga baya, Fahayday ya rubuta:"Na yi aure - wani taron cewa fiye da duk wani gudummawa ga farin cikina a duniya da kuma matsayina na ruhuna."Iyalin Farrayday, kamar dangin matarsa, membobin kungiyar Sandemian ". Dattijon Dattijon ya yi dattijon Dattijon.
Mutuwa
Michael Farray ba shi da lafiya. A cikin gajerun lokuta, lokacin da cutar ta ja da baya, sai ya yi aiki. A cikin 1862, ya gabatar da hasashen game da motsi na layin na almara a filin Magnetic. Tabbatar da ka'idar ta sami ikon Peter Zeeman a cikin 1897, wanda a cikin 1902 ya sami kyautar Nobel. Farrayaya Zeeman ya kira mawallafin ra'ayin.
Michael Fareday ya mutu a kan tebur a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1867 yana da shekara 75. An binne shi kusa da matarsa a babban makami a London. Masanin ilimin kimiyya ya tambaya kafin mutuwarsa game da jana'izar jana'izar, don haka dangi ne kawai suka zo. A kan dutse, sunan masanin kimiyya da shekaru rayuwa an sassaka.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Masanin kimiyyar lissafi bai manta da yara ba. Laccoci ga yara "tarihin kyandir" (1961) ya tuba har wa yau.
- Hoton Farahayay ya sanya a kan lissafin Burtaniya na shekarun 20 na 1991-1999.
- Akwai jita-jita cewa Davy bai amsa wasa na yau da kullun ba don neman aiki. Sau ɗaya, a ɗan lokaci rasa lokacin gwaji, farfesa ya tuna da saurayi mai nagarta. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare na masakilin, saurayin don haka ya girgiza Davy tare da euris dinsa wanda ya ba da shawarar Mikal ɗin Michael a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
- Bayan ya dawo daga yawon shakatawa na Turai tare da dangin Davie Farawars, jiran wurin mataimakinsa a Cibiyar Royal ta kasance a can.