Tari
Jibril Garcia Marquez ne marubuci ne na Colombian, wakilin sihiri ne na ainihi a cikin wallafe-wallafe.
Gabriel Garcia Marqueez da aka haife shi a cikin 06.03.1927 a cikin garin Arachartka, a Columbia. Jimawa bayan haihuwar yaron, Mahaifiyar Marquez ya karbi post na malamin magunguna ya koma Barrombia), barin ɗan "Gabi na AROCHATKA" a Arewa "a cikin Arachartka don ta ɗaga kakanta da kakanta.
A cikin hunturu na 1936, mahaifinsa ya ɗauki Jibra'ilu da ɗan'uwansa Shinz, da 'yan watanni daga baya, da danginsa sun koma ga magunguna na gaba. Koyaya, tarbiyar da kakanta da kakanta sun shafi rai da kuma gano hoton Garcia Marquez.
Kakana, Nicolas Ricardo Marquez Mexius, wanda yaron ya kira "Mashan na Mushals da jaruma na masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Nicholas, wanda Jibrilu ya kira "Ubilical Umbilical tare da tarihi da gaskiya," ya kasance kyakkyawan labari. Kakana sau da yawa sun yi magana da 'ya'yan jikokinta: "Ba za ku iya tunanin yawan matacce ba," ya tunatar da cewa babu nauyi fiye da kisan mutum. Wadannan tunanin na garga Marquez daga baya hade a cikin ayyukansa.
Kaka na yaron, Dona tranquilina iguanan, shima ya taka rawa wajen zama dabi'ar yaron. Jibra'ilu ya yi wahayi zuwa ta yadda ta "ake magana a kan sabon abu a matsayin wani abu gaba daya na halitta." A gidansu, labarai game da fatalwowi da kuma Omen sun yi sauti sau da yawa, waɗanda aka yi watsi da mulkin mallaka. Gabriel son cewa ko da mafi yawan labarun da aka fi sani kamar yadda ya kasance gaskiya ne mai ɓoyayyiyar gaskiya. Wannan "mai ban sha'awa style" ya bayyana daga baya a wasu sanannun ayyukan marubucin.
A makaranta, Garcia Marquez wani ɗan kurmi ne, wanda ya fi son rubuta sooro mai ban dariya da zane mai ban dariya. Yaro mai tsauri wanda ba shi da sha'awar wasanni da wasanni, abokan karatun sun kira "El Viejo" ("Tsohuwar mutum").
A cikin shekarun bincike a kwaleji a cikin San José, Garcia Marquee, Garcia Marqueez ya buga wa waƙoƙi na farko a cikin Jaridar Makaranta. Daga baya, godiya ga gwamnatin Jibra'en da gwamnati ta bayar ta hanyar gwamnati, Jibra'ilu ya aika zuwa Kwalejin Jesuit a Sipakira, garin da ke kusa da kungiyar Lipakira, inda saurayin da ke Bogo, inda saurayin da ke Bogo yana cikin wasanni daban-daban: kwallon kafa , kwando da gudu.
Bayan kammala karatu daga makaranta a 1947, Marcia Marquez ya zama dalibi na Jami'ar Columbia na National - Za a yi wa mahaifin fallacin doka. Koyaya, Gabriel ya ci gaba da yin mafarki game da rubuce-rubucen, suna son ƙirƙirar ayyuka, mai kama da salo a kan labarun kakanninsa.
Lokacin da jami'ar ta rufe jami'a bayan tashin hankali na Bogotaso, Gabriel zuwa Jami'ar Caragagana, inda saurayin ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na jaridar gida. A cikin 1950, Garcia Marquez ya yanke shawarar cikakken maida hankali kan aikin jarida, motsawa zuwa Barranquil da kuma saitawa a cikin jaridar "El Heraldo".
Litattafai
Rayuwa da Sabuwar Dating a Barranaqil ya zama tushen ilimi a cikin littattafan aji na duniya. A nan ne Garcia Marquez ya kuma duba al'adar da ke tattare da al'adun kasashen Caribbean kafa.
A cikin 1955, labarin farko na Garci Marquez "game da tsohuwar Kanal aka buga - don neman mai shela, marubucin ya ɗauki shekaru 7. Da zarar, Kolombian ya lura cewa daga gaba daya rubutacce tun daga shekarar 1973, "Predliage aiki, saboda" mafi sani ne da gaskiya. "
Shekaru shida, labarin na biyu na marubucin "Kanal Duk wanda ya rubuta cewa" game da kanar shekaru 75 a kurkukun, tsohon garokoy yaƙin. Tushen labarin da ake nuna labarin ya nuna labarin tasirin labarin da rinjayar Ernest Hemingway.
A cikin waɗannan abubuwan biyun, da kuma wasu daga baya ayyuka, Garcia Marqueez na iya nemo nassoshi game da La Viivassia, yakin basasa tsakanin al'ummomin mai sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin shekarun 1950s. Hannu 'Hannu suna fuskantar yanayi mara kyau, kamar curfew, jaridu na ƙasa da sahunnan a cikin labarai. Akwai wani nassoshi da kuma a farkon labari "awa na gari" (1962), amma marubucin ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi amfani da aikinsa a matsayin dandamali don farfagandar siyasa.
Idan ayyukan farko na Garcia Marquez an rubuta a cikin nau'in "hakikanin", sannan daga baya wani marubuci ya yi gwajin gargajiya. Don haka, salon littafin 31 "shekara ɗari na kadaici fahili, kuma mafi kyawun misalin da ya kasance yanki ne mai kyau a kan yadda kyakkyawar mace, rataye Twear igiya, ba zato ba tsammani ya dauko sama kuma yana ɗaukar iska.
A cikin 1972, Garcia Marquez ya san cewa tare da farkon ayyukansa, sun buga tarin "kare" - an haɗa da labaran farko tsakanin 1947 da 1955 da farko buga a cikin jaridu na gida. A cikin kananan labarai, Garcia Marquez, ba tukuna sun tabbatar da yanayin, amma ya yarda da kansa ga gwaji, amma ya kasance mai kyau ya kasance mai kyau na shari'arsa.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Garcia Marquez, ta hanyar jirgin ruwan na Venezuela Ya Rimeez, ya fara rubuta littafin kaɗe "kaka. Yi aiki a kan littafin da aka kwashe fiye da shekaru 7, har zuwa 1975, lokacin da aka buga littafin littafin. A cewar garcia Marquez, wannan labari ne "waka game da kadada iko." Shiryar da littattafan ke haifar da jerin barkwanci game da ayyukan da manufofin rayuwa wadanda basu bayyana ba cikin tsari na zamani.
A cikin 1981, wani sabon labari ne wanda aka buga a cikin hanyar wani dan wasan na mutuwa mutuwa. Aikin da aka rubuta a cikin salon Jarida-Jarida, Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, ya kafa tushen fim ɗin Francesco Rossie.
A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1982, Marcia Marquez ne aka baiwa Marquez a Nobel kyaututtuka a cikin kasashen duniya masu arziki da ke nuna rikice-rikice da rayuwa a nahiyar. " Jawabin marubucin ya cancanci a matsayin "kadaici na Latin Amurka." Garcia Marqueez ya zama na farko Colombian da na hudu Latin, sun ba da kyautar Nobel a littattafai.
A cikin 1985, Marcia Marque ne wani wani littafi, wanda ya zama mashahuri - "kauna yayin annoba." Roman yana bincika soyayya a cikin nau'ikan da ba daidai ba, "manufa" da "an cire su." Littafin ya dogara da tarihin traciyot na dangantakar da marubutan marubuci, Louise da Jibra'ilu. Mahaifin yarinyar, da kakaki ta, ba ta yarda da zabi na Louise ba - sanannen matar ta ji ta. Gabriel-Babban Bin da ake buƙata don rubuta ɗaruruwan son son sonƙoƙi da haruffa kafin iyayen Louise ya ba da damar matasa aure.
Shekaru hudu bayan haka, tarihin tarihin Garcia Marquez ya cika da wani labari "Gabaɗaya a cikin Labyrinth". Tsarin aikin yana da wuya a rarrabe - ra'ayoyin masu sukar lamirin wannan ci. Kalmar nan "Sabon soyayya" "da irin wannan salo wanda ke haɗu da albashin Latin Amurka, bayan-albasa da postmodernism.
Baya ga littattafai, Garcia Marquez ya shiga cikin duniyar sinima. Ya rubuta al'amuran sama da fina-finai sama da 25 da kuma serials, kuma bisa ga ayyukansa, an harbe fina-finai 17.
A cikin 2000, jaridar "La Marionteta" na Mexico Cevabas "na Mexict Cevabnaster Johnny Wales an buga a cikin jaridar" La Repubta "a Peru. A cewar wasu dalilai, marubucin ayar an danganta shi a Garcia Marquez. Ya fara yada jita-jita da sauri cewa yana canza layin ban kwana ba wata wasiƙar da ba ta da lafiya. Kwana biyu da aka yi amfani da wakar biyu akan tashoshin rediyo, rubutun da sauri yada a yanar gizo, amma ya juya da zaran buga littafin Marquez.
Aikin ƙarshe a cikin aiki na Columbian ya zama labarin "tuna da baƙin cikina na baƙin ciki", wanda aka buga a 2004 a cikin Spanish. Littafin ya zama rubutaccen rubutu na farko na marubucin bayan dogon hutu. A shekara ta 2011, darektan ne ya mallaki littafin Henning Karlsen.
Rayuwar sirri
Garcia Marquez sun gana da matar matan nan ta gaba Mercedes Barcha, lokacin da ta kasance dan makaranta. A a gama aure, matasa su jira ga balagarta. Masu ƙauna sun yi aure a cikin 1958 kuma sun koma Caracas. A shekara ta gaba, an haifi ɗansu na farko Rodrigo Garcia, wanda ya zama talabijin da darektan fim.
A shekarar 1961, Chet ya yi tafiya a cikin kudancin Amurka na Amurka kuma daga karshe ya zauna a garin Mexico. Marubucin koyaushe yana mafarkin ganin jihohin kudu, saboda ya burge shi "Kudancin" Littattafan William Falner.
Shekaru uku bayan haka, Jibrilu ya haifi ɗa na biyu, Gonzalo, wanda yake aiki a matsayin mai zanen kaya a cikin garin Mexico.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1999, marubucin ya gano tare da Lymphoma. Garcia Marquez ya wuce hanya na Chemotherapy a cikin asibitin rehaneles Clinic kuma ya shiga jihar gafara. Wannan taron ya sa Colombian ya fara rubuta memoirs:
"Na kawo sadarwa tare da abokai zuwa mafi karancin, an kashe wayar da kuma shirye-shiryen masu zuwa," ya fada cikin wata tattaunawa da jaridar El Tiemo.A cikin 2012, ɗan'uwan marubuci, Jaime, ya sanar da Garcia Marquez ya ji rauni a cikin demedia. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a bazara, Gabriel a asibiti mai tsananin sanyi - ya sami kamuwa da cuta a cikin urinary fili da huhu. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2014, Garcia mai shekaru 87 Marquez ya mutu sakamakon ciwon huhu.
An kirkiro jikin marubucin a lokacin bikin dangi a Mexico. A Afrilu 22, shugabannin Columbia da Mexico sun ziyarci bikin hukuma. Jaridar jana'izar tare da urn tare da toka da marubucin marubucin ya tashi daga gidan da Garcia Marquez ya yi shekara 30, zuwa fadar Arts (Palacio de Bellas Arts). Mazauna garin birni na marubuci, Aracharasi, shima ana gudanar da jana'izar alama.
Faɗa
- "Idan kun haɗu da ƙaunarku ta gaskiya, to ba zai tafi ko'ina daga cikinku ba - bayan sati ɗaya, ba wanda bayan shekara guda."
- "Wannan babban sa'a ne a rayuwa - don nemo irin wannan mutumin don ya yi kyau a duba, yana da kyau a gaya wa, da gaske dariya da kuma sa ido ga taro na gaba . "
- "Zai fi kyau in zo cikin lokaci fiye da jiran gayyata"
- "Zan iya nuna godiya ga waɗanda ba tare da ku ba tare da ku ba, kuma kada ku farautar masu farin ciki ba tare da kai ba!"
- "Mafi m hanya don rasa mutum shine kasancewa tare da shi kuma fahimci cewa ba zai zama naku."
- "Duk duniya tana son zama a tsaunuka, ba tare da fahimtar cewa abin da muke hawa dutsen ba."