Tari
Mutanen da suka yi ƙoƙarin samun amsoshi game da tsarin sararin samaniya, kalli taurari masu ban mamaki kuma mafarkin cinye Cosmos. Konstantin Eduardovich tsiolkovsky ya kawo bil'adama ga cin nasarar sararin samaniya.
Ayyukansa sun yi aiki a matsayin m don ƙirƙirar makamai masu linzami mai ƙarfi, jiragen sama da tashoshin orbital. Tsarin cigaban tunani na tunani sau da yawa bai yi daidai da ra'ayin jama'a ba, amma masanin kimiyya bai daina ba. Karatun na Tsiolkoovsky ya ɗaukaka kimiyyar Rasha a duniya.
Yaro da matasa
A cikin kaka na 1857, an haifi ɗa a cikin dangin Tasiolkovsky. Iyayen yaran sun zauna a ƙauyen lardin IZHEVSK. Konstantin jaririn kira firist lokacin da baftisma. Eduard Igativich (uba) an ɗauke shi ɗan uwan tubalin da aka yi wa'azi, wanda tushensa ya je Poland. Maria Yumshev (mahaifiyar) - Tatar) - Tatarwa a asali, ta sami ilimi a cikin motsa jiki, don haka ya iya sa kansu tare da difloma.
Mama ta koya wa ɗanta rubutu da karatu. Harafin na Constantine ya zama "tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi" na AFAASyev. A kan wannan littafin, yaro mai hankali ya ninka haruffa cikin syllables da kalmomi. Bayan ya kware dabarar karatu, yaro mai binciken ya sadu da littattafan da yawa waɗanda suke a cikin gidan. Manyan 'yan'uwa maza da mata Tasiolkovsky sun ɗauki jariri a cikin yankin mai ƙasa da Duman kuma ba su son sauraron yaran "Bedni". Saboda haka, kostya da aka rubuta game da tunaninsa ga matasa ɗan'uwan.
A shekaru 9 da haihuwa, yaron ya kamu da gogewar. Cutar mai raɗaɗi ta ba da rikitarwa ga jita-jita. Hewardwardaddamar da Konstantin yawancin abubuwan da yara, amma bai daina ba ya kwashe ta hanyar fasaha. Yanke da manne da kayan kwalliya daga kwali da itace. Daga hannun wani yaro mai baiwa, bushara sun fito, masu kallo, gidaje da ƙananan kulle. Na ƙirƙira mai siyar da iska, saboda lokacin bazara da niƙa.
A cikin 1868, an tilasta wa dangi ya matsa zuwa lardin Kirov Vyatka, kamar yadda Uba ya rasa aikinsa kuma ya shugabanci 'yan'uwansa. Dangi sun taimaka wa mutum da aiki, a haɗe da gandun daji. Tsiolkovsky ya sami ɗan kasuwa mai ciniki - tsohon mallakar Shuhavin. Bayan shekara guda, saurayi tare da ɗan'uwansa ya shiga "Vyatka Gystala". Malamai sun zama masu tsayayyen abubuwa da rikitarwa. Ana ba da karatu ta Konstantin Hard.
A cikin 1869, dattijirin ya mutu, waɗanda suka yi karatu a makarantar Makaranta. Mama, ba tare da sakamakon tsira daga asarar yaron ba, a shekara ta mutu. Kostya, mahaifiya mai ƙauna ce, drunges a cikin makoki. Lokacin ban mamaki lokacin rayuwar rayuwar da ya shafi ɗalibin yaron, wanda bai yi haske da alamomi ba. Aikin aji na 2 saboda ba a daɗe ba shekara ta biyu, kuma an yi wa takwarorin da aka yiwa takara a saman kurma.
Na aji 3 na masu siyar da makarantan sun kore su. Bayan haka, an tilasta tsiolkovsky don aiwatar da ilimin kai. Kasancewa a gida, saurayi ya kwanta ya fara karanta abubuwa da yawa. Littattafai sun ba da ilimin da ya wajaba kuma bai zargi saurayin saurayi ba, sabanin malamai. A cikin ɗakin karatu na iyaye, Konstantin da aka gano ayyukan kimiyya da shahararrun masana kimiyya kuma tare da wuce haddi na koyo.
Da shekaru 14, yaro mai baiwa ya bunkasa iyawar injiniya. Da kansa yana haifar da Lathe Lathe, tare da taimakon wane abu ne marasa daidaituwa: motsi masu daidaitawa, windmill, katako, katako mai rauni. Mayar da hankali game da Constantine zuwa halittar "sihiri" kirji da kwalaye, wanda ya bace "hanyar m hanya.
Nazarin
Uba, wanda aka bincika zango, ya yi imani da baiwa ɗansa. Eduard Igativich ya aika da 'yaran matasa zuwa Moscow, inda ya kamata ya shiga makarantar fasaha mafi girma. An shirya yin rayuwa tare da abokin mahaifinsa wanda ya rubuta wasiƙa. Ta yankan, Konstantin ya saukar da takarda tare da adireshin, tunawa da sunan titi kawai. Samun hanyar Jamusanci (Baumansky) nassi, cire dakin da ci gaba da ilimi.
Saboda na dabi'a ta sanda, saurayi bai yanke shawarar shiga ba, amma ya kasance a cikin birnin. Uba ya aiko da ɗan 15 rubles a wata, amma wannan kuɗin ya rasa wannan kuɗin.
Matashin ya ajiye a abinci, yayin da yake cin abinci akan littattafai da reagents. Daga Diaris an san cewa na sami damar zama a kan kopecks 90 a wata, cin abinci da ruwa.
Yau da kullun daga 10:00 zuwa 16:00 ya zauna a cikin ɗakin karatun Chertertovskaya, inda ya karatawar lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, wallafe-wallafe, sunadarai. Anan Konstantin ya san da wanda ya kirkiro da kasuwar kasawar Rasha - Fedorov. Ta hanyar tattaunawa tare da mai tunani, saurayin ya sami bayani fiye da yadda zai iya koya daga furofesoshi da malamai. Shekaru uku da ake bukatar baiwa baiwa don cikakken kwantar da shirin makarantar.
A cikin 1876, mahaifin Tasiolkovsky bai damu da rashin lafiya ba kuma ya sa ɗansa ya gida. Koyarwa zuwa Kirov, saurayin ya zira kwallanin dalibi. Ƙirƙira dabarun koyarwa na kansa, wanda ya taimaka wa yara sosai su sha kayan. Kowane darasi ya nuna wurin zama, wanda ya sauƙaƙe karfafa karatun.
A karshen lokacin Ikonn ya mutu - ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Constantine. Mutumin yana da kwanciyar hankali na wannan labarin, tun daga tun yana yara sai ya ƙaunaci karya kuma ya dogara ga sirrin ciki. Bayan shekaru 2, dangin suka koma ga Dyazan, yana shirin siyan gida na samun kudin shiga. A wannan gaba, akwai jayayya tsakanin mahaifinsa da ɗanta, da kuma ɗan malamin ya bar iyali. Don kuɗi da aka ƙulla da tarurruka har yanzu suna kan Vyatka, yana kawar da ɗakin kuma yana neman sababbin almajirai.
Don tabbatar da cancantar, wani mutum na waje yana ba da jarrabawa a cikin makarantar motsa jiki ta farko. Bayan ya karɓi takardar shaidar, an aika rarraba zuwa Borovsk, zuwa wurin aikin gwamnati.
Nasarorin kimiyya
Matashi mai son kai na yau da kullun yana jawo zane-zane da kuma tsarin ƙa'idodi na tsari. Gidajen suna yin gwaji a kullun, sakamakon wanda ƙaramin tsawa ya ɓata ɗakuna, ƙaramin walƙiya tana haskakawa, da takarda suna rawar jiki, maza suna rawa da kansu.
Majalisar ta kimiyya "RFO" ta yanke shawarar hada da TSIOOLKOVSky a cikin matsayin masana kimiyya. Ma'aikatan Kwamitin sun fahimci cewa koyarwar kai ta baiwa ta bayar da gudummawa ga kimiyya.
A cikin Kaluga, wani mutum ya rubuta yana aiki a kan 'yan wasa, magunguna, cosmic ilmin halitta. Konstantin TSIolkovsky sanannu ba wai kawai a cikin ƙirƙira ba, har ma maganganu masu ban mamaki a sarari. "Falsafarsa falsafarsa" ta faɗaɗa iyakokin sararin samaniya kuma ya buɗe hanyar zuwa sama kafin mutum. Aikin da aka fifita aikin "nufin sararin samaniya" ya tabbatar wa 'yan Adam cewa taurari sun fi kusa da shi da alama.
Jerin binciken kimiyya
- A cikin 1886 ya bunkasa balbata, mai da hankali kan zane-zane.
- Shekaru 3, wani mijin masanin kimiyya yana aiki akan ra'ayoyi da ke da alaƙa da ilimin roka. Kokarin sanya shi cikin aiki da mayafin karfe.
- Dangantakar ilmin lissafi da lissafin sun tabbatar da ka'idar a kan akidar ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da roka zuwa sararin samaniya.
- Haɓaka samfuran farko na makamai masu linzami yana farawa daga jirgin sama mai karkata. An yi amfani da zane-zane na farfesa lokacin ƙirƙirar shigarwa "katyusha".
- Gina bututun Aerodynamic.
- Tsara injin tare da turban gas mai gas.
- Ƙirƙirar zane mai ban sha'awa kuma ya tabbatar da ra'ayin jirgin sama biyu.
- Ƙirƙira wani tsarin jirgin kasa motsi a kan matashin iska.
- Ƙirƙira chassis wanda ya shimfiɗa daga ƙananan kogon jirgin.
- Binciken nau'ikan mai don roka, da shawarar cakuda hydrogen da oxygen.
- Sanarwa da littafin kimiyya da Fantasy littafin "a waje da ƙasa", wanda ya faɗi game da tafiyar mutum mai ban mamaki ga duniyar wata.
Rayuwar sirri
Auren TSiolkovsky ya faru a lokacin rani na 1880. Auren ba tare da ƙauna ba, na yi tsammanin cewa aure ba zai tsoma baki tare da aiki ba. Matar 'yar da bazawara take. Barbara da Konstantin sun rayu cikin aure tsawon shekaru 30 kuma sun samar da yara 7. Yara biyar sun mutu har yanzu suna cikin jaruma, tsofaffi sun kashe sauran biyun. 'Ya'yan biyu sun kashe kansa.
Biography konstantin Eduarvich pestrite masifu masifa. Masanin masani na bin mutuwar dangi, gobara da ambaliyar ruwa. A cikin 1887, TSIOolkovsky gidan ƙone. A cikin Wuta ta mutu dabam-dabam, zane da samfura. 1908 ba baƙin ciki ba. Sama da gidaje daga bakin teku na Okka ambaliyar mazaunin farfesa, suna lalata makirci na musamman da motocin.
Samun nasarorin kimiyya ba su yaba wa ma'aikatan makarantar gurguzu ba. Daga mutuwar Tsiolkovsky ya ceci al'ummar masu son shirye-shiryen duniya, suna sanya shi fensho. Mahukunta sun tuna da wanzuwar wani muhimmin labarin ne kawai a shekarar 1923, lokacin da jihar Jamusanci ta Jamus a Flagge Frights buga a cikin Latsa. Jihar ta nada dan Rasha ga Jusius Genus na Rasha.
Mutuwa
A cikin bazara na 1935, likitocin sun gano tare da furote ciwon kansa. Bayan da tunanin cutar, mutumin ya yi alkawarin, amma ya ki komawa asibiti. A giculted ta hanyar zafin har abada a cikin faɗuwar sun yarda da aikin.
Likitoci da sauri sun cire ƙwayar, amma ba a iya dakatar da rarraba sel. Kashegari, an kawo asibitin zuwa telegagram daga Stalin, wanda ya yi fatan saurin murmurewa.
Babban masanin kimiyya ya mutu a cikin kaka na wannan shekarar.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Wuta bayan Scarlet
- Kai tsawon shekaru 3 ya karu da shirin jami'a,
- Da aka sani, kamar malami na mamaki,
- Dauke da rashin yarda
- A cikin Kaluga, an gina gidan kayan gargajiya, inda ake sanya hotuna da abubuwan da masanan masanin kimiyya
- Mafarkin ingantacciyar duniya inda babu laifi,
- Miƙa don rarraba masu kisan kai ga atoms,
- Lissafta tsawon lokacin jirgin roka mai yawa.
Faɗa
- "Dole ne mu bar duk ka'idodin kyawawan dabi'u da dokar da suka burge mu idan sun cutar da mafi girman burin. Abin da kawai za mu iya kuma komai yana da amfani - wannan shine babban dokar sabuwar ɗabi'a. "
- "Lokaci na iya kasancewa, ba mu san inda ya kamata a nema ba. Idan lokaci ya wanzu cikin yanayi, har yanzu ba a buɗe ba. "
- "Roka a gare ni kawai hanya ce, kawai hanyar shigar azzakari cikin zurfi na sarari, amma ba hanyar ƙarewa a cikin zurfin sarari ba, zan yarda da shi . Duk jigon yana cikin koma daga ƙasa kuma a cikin sulhu na sarari. "
- "Adamu ba zai dawwama a cikin ƙasa ba, amma a bin haske da sarari, farko zai fara shiga iyakokin sararin samaniya, sannan ya lashe sararin samaniya mai shigowa."
- "Babu mai halitta Mai halitta, amma yana samar da rana, duniyoyi da rayayyunsu, babu Maɗaukaki wanda ya zama mayaka wanda mazaunansu suke."
- "Ba zai yiwu a yau ba zai yiwu gobe."
Littafi daya
- 1886 - ka'idar Aerostat
- 1890 - ga tambayar tashi ta hanyar fuka-fuki
- 1903 - kayan ƙa'idodi na halitta
- 1913 - haskaka mutum daga mulkin dabbobi
- 1916 - Yanayin rayuwa a wasu duniyoyin
- 1920 - Tasirin tsananin rauni
- 1921 - Darasin Duniya
- 1923 - ƙimar kimiyyar abu
- 1926 - Mai sauƙin hasken rana mai sauƙi
- 1927 - Yanayin rayuwar halittar halitta a cikin sararin halitta
- 1928 - Kammala da sararin samaniya
- 1930 - iska
- 1931 - Jin daɗin abubuwan sunadarai
- 1932 - Shin injin din zai yiwu?