Tari
Babban karni na falsafanci na karni na 19 ya kasance mai matukar jayayya irin abu. Mai goyon bayan da ra'ayoyin huhun ba su iyakance kansa ba; Kasancewa mai cin ganyayyaki - bai yi tunanin rayuwa ba tare da nama ba; Dukkanin zuciyar horar mata ne, amma sun ƙaunaci al'ummar masu ƙauna. Har wa yau, wannan bambance-bambancen tsakanin falsafancin ɓarna da kwaɗayi ga miyagun rayuwa shine shakku a tsakanin zamanin.Wasu gani a Schopenather "Martyr" suna ƙoƙarin neman hanyar cin nasara da bala'in rayuwa. Wasu suna da yakinin cewa MASTORO wani mai zuwa ne wanda yake ƙaunar matsalolin gaskiyar da ke kewaye, yana cin su cikin cikakken cikakken. Amma ba wanda zai musanya gaskiyar cewa tunanin arthur da lura ya shafi al'adun Falsafa, ya fara farawa don sabon dabaru.
Yaro da matasa
A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1788, yaro ya bayyana a cikin garin Danzig a cikin dangin Schopenhaatoers. Mahaifiya da mahaifiya suna ba da sunan jariri Arthur.
Heinrich floris Schpopenhauer, Uba Arthur, dan kasuwa mai sulusin, wanda ke alfahari da batun, gaji. Yana tallafawa sunan dangi, ya yi duk abin da zai yiwu domin hanin zai yi girma, kuma matarsa da yara ba sa bukatar komai. Heinrich ba kawai dan kasuwa ne mai mahimmanci ba, har ma da wani yunƙurin mutum na mutum mai kirki.
Mutanen da suke da shari'o'in da suka lura da shi, ya tabbata ga gaskiya, waɗanda mahaifin falsafarsa suka yi. A cikin 38, Heinrich ya dauki shekara 18-Johann-henriettu Trozin a cikin matar sa. Babu wani ji a cikin wannan hadisin, akwai lissafi. Wani ɗan sanyi da sanyi da sanyi da sanyi da wannan aure da za su damu da abin da sutura ta saka a yau a kan kwallon. Heinrich ya fahimci cewa ba madawwami bane, kuma yana bukatar magada.
Arthur ya rayu a cikin garinsa daidai shekara biyar. A shekara ta 1793, DANZIG ya nuna goyon baya ga sojojin PRUSSISS kuma ya daina zama birni kyauta. Iyalin da ke ƙauna ba sa son yin tawaye ga masu mamayewa kuma sun koma Hamburg a watan Maris. Shekaru 12, Schopenhaatoers bai canza wurin zama ba. Heinrich yayi mafarki na bada dansa mai cancanci ilimi.
A 9, Schopenhauer Schopenhauer ya aika da Arthur zuwa france ga france ga abokin nasa a cikin Havr. A cikin shekaru biyu, yaron yana karatun a mafi kyawun malamai. Maido da gida, matasa Schopenhauer ya yi daidai da Faransanci, an ba da Jamusanci na ƙasar Falsafa na gaba da wahala. A shekara 11, yaron ya tafi Timetium na Gungun Turai, inda aka same su na musamman 'yan kasuwar' yan kasuwa ne. A cikin wannan makarantar, ban da kullun karɓar abubuwa, suna ƙanƙara, zane, wasa a kan fulawa da rawa sun koyar.
A cikin Janairu 1805, a kan umarnin uba Arthur, kasuwancin kasuwanci da kuma shahara dan wasan ya isa. A nan, yaron ya fahimci wannan kasuwancin ba shine abin da yake so ya shiga nan gaba.
In ba haka ba, a cikin bazara na 1805, mahaifin arthur ya mutu. Heinrich ya fadi daga taga attic ga ruwa canal da nutsar da shi. Biyayya mara kyau yayatawa cewa kashe kansa ne. Damomi daban-daban da ake kira: wasu sun yi jayayya cewa Heinrich game da wannan tunanin fatarar ba da jimawa ba, na biyun ya ce batun lafiya. Yaro wanda ya ƙaunaci mahaifinsa, ya damu matuka mutuwarsa, kuma ko da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan "dalilai" ya kasance mai gaskiya ne - ba zai taɓa yarda da shi ba.
Bayan mutuwar shugaban gidan, wutar a cikin gidan ta wuce Johanna. Mahaifiyar masanin falsafa ba tare da wani reshe na lamiri ba da marubuta, masu fasaha da 'yan siyasa, suna buɗe salon a Weimar. Daga cikin baƙi sun bayyana sanannen mutane: Hiland, 'yan'uwa sun yi murmushi, har ma da samun kansa. Yayinda Johan ya jagoranci bikin biki, Arthur ya ci gaba da yin nazarin dalilin kasuwanci. An yi nazarin saurayin har sabon abokin Rohan bai shafe ta ba don ya ba ɗanta ya ba ɗanta ya ba ɗanta ga Jami'ar Göttingen.
Nan da nan masaniyar likita nan da nan ya jawo hankalin Arthur, amma a karkashin tasirin malami G. Schulz, saurayin ya mai da hankali ga falsafa, zuwa 1809 zuwa 1811. A cikin 1811, Arthur ya motsa daga Weimar zuwa Berlin. Ann da Falsafer Fihge, wanda yake a wancan lokacin a wannan lokacin a wannan lokacin a cikin shahararrun mutane. Matasan Schopenhauer ya halarci laccoci, colloquums kuma ya akai-akai tare da maigidan. A tsawon lokaci, girmamawa ga Ficht taushi, amma halayyar koyarwa da izgili sun zo.
Arthur tare da himma na zaki da kimiyyar halitta: sunadarai, ilmin taurari, kimiyyar lissafi, dabbobi, geogenicity. Matashin ya saurari hanyar waƙar Scandinavian na Scandinaviƙani, ya yi nazarin aikin marubutan na Renaissance, kuma na tsakiya falsafar. Jiki kawai da tiyoloji ba su jawo hankalin ɗalibi. Jirgin ruwan sauran Kimiyyar matasa Arthur na so ya bushe gaba daya.
A cikin 1813, matashi ya kamata ya sami digirin digirgir a Berlin. Amma shirye-shiryensa sun gyara yanayin soja. A kan ƙirar abun da ke ciki "a kan tushen dokar da isasshen", Arthur yayi aiki a cikin bazara.
A farkon watan Oktoba, kokarin Schopenhauer aka yaba da shi: Ien Jami'ar Dr. Falsafar.
Litattafai
"Zaman zaman lafiya da tunani" - Babban aikin Arthur Schopenhauer. Littafin ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyin Matra game da rayuwa, hangen nesa da hangen nesa, kaɗaici da bashi. Lokacin rubuta wannan aikin, Schopenhauer ya yi hurarrun ayyukan ayyukan da yake da kant. Mai hankali yana so ya isar da mai karatu game da ra'ayin cewa, ba tare da la'akari da fa'idodin waje ba, amincin ciki na jiki - da lafiyar jiki na farin ciki.
Littafin "erystics ko fasaha na lashe takaddun" an rubuta a karni na 19, amma yanzu yana da matukar dacewa. A cikin littafin, Schopenhauer ya bayyana asirin da ya shafi rikice-rikice na nasara. Arthur yayi bayani game da yin daidai, koda kuwa ba daidai ba ne. Dangane da marubucin, don cin nasara da rikicin, kuna buƙatar roko daidai da abubuwan.
A cikin littafin "A kan m da kuma waka da sifa na rayuwa", Schopenhauer ya rubuta cewa ɗan adam yana cikin zaman yana da sha'awar yin bukatunmu, kowane tsohuwar gust yana haifar da sabon abu, mai ƙarfi.
Littafin "misalai na ƙaunar jima'i." Rubutun da aka buga ya gabatar da mai karatu tare da ra'ayoyin ɗabi'a na Schopenhauer. A nan asalin ƙaunar da ake amfani da su, da taimakon ainihin gaskiyar mutuwar mutuwa da mace ta ɗan adam. Rashin ƙishirwar da ba a san shi ba na rayuwa, ikon ilhami, wanda aka gabatar a cikin makircin littattafai, inda kowane mai karatu zai iya samun kansa.
Rayuwar sirri
Schopenhaer bai da kyau ba: fursunoni ya ɗan girma, kunkuntar ido-kai kuma yana da babban kai wanda ya dace da girman jikin.
Duk da rashi mai sheki na waje, mutumin yana yaba alhakin alheri. Yana da nasa hangen nesa. Ko da a cikin zaɓi na tufafi, wani mutum ya kasance wanda aka rabu da kanku. Amma Mizanthropa ya kasance cikin rashin fahimta, har ma da sanya sutura da allura.
Saurayi mai araha mai araha ya kasance baƙo zuwa ga al'umma da 'yan mata. Koyaya, cikin tattaunawa mai wuya, mutumin yana jawo hankali ba ga bayyanar ba, kuma jawabai cewa, a matsayin jawabai, a matsayin syllable na rubutu, sun kasance masu sauƙi kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai ne kuma daidai.
Yarinya wanda ya dinka a cikin wani matasan da ke son cin abincin menoeenaism, da ake kira Carolina Jeremmanman. Schopenhauer ya faɗi cikin ƙauna da rashin sani, yanke hukunci don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar iyali, har abada daɗa kyau ga kansa. Amma ƙaunataccen ba mai sauki bane: Ba na son ɗaukar kaina tare da auren Uzami, Carolina ya tambayi yarinyar masanin mai ba shi kaɗai. Arthur bai gano cikin matakai ba, me yasa kudin kashe shi sosai. Bayanin zipper fashin da ya haskaka kai: mata a cikin yanayi s wul ne kuma nesa ba da nisa. Wadannan halittun basu iya gina makomar gaba ba. Mace ƙauyuka ne na zunubi da kuma rashin aminci.
Saurayi ya zama sexist, amma duk da wannan fahimta, saurayin ya ci lokaci mai yawa a kamfanin na kyawawan halaye, idan sa'a, wanda ya nuna cikin ƙaunar farin ciki.
Carolina ya shuka hatsi, amma Tushen ya girma lokacin da Jan Jariri Iteriya ya bayyana a rayuwar Arthur. Yarinyar kyakkyawa ce, mai arziki da tsari. Saduwa ya faru ne a cikin 1822, a lokacin tafiye-tafiyen Schopenhauer a Italiya. Saurayin yana cikin sama ta bakwai daga farin ciki da farin ciki tunani game da aure. Wani lokaci ɗaya ya rushe tsare-tsaren Falsafar: yayin da yake tafiya a kusa da garin, masoya ta yi karo da marubutan Turanci.
Abokin A gaban shahararren Donjana ya kasance yana daɗaɗɗiya da kuma haushi. Arthur yana jin tsoron cewa a nan gaba akwai irin wannan kyakkyawar mace mai farin ciki tare da saukaka ƙaho kuma da sauri ta ƙi haɗuwa da yarinya mai haɗari.
A nan gaba, Schopenhauer ya tsiya musamman tare da 'yan mata mai sauƙi: ya sami abin da ake buƙata, ya jefa su. Duk sabon "labari" shi ne ɗaukar fansa na Italiyanci.
Bayan shekara guda, Arthur ya koma Dresden kuma ya ruwaito wa duk cewa rayuwar rayuwar ba ita ce gare shi ba kuma tare da ƙaunar mata ta ƙare.
Mutuwa
Schopenhauer ya bambanta da koshin zarguwa. Babu cuta da zata iya jurewa da shi. Saboda haka dalibin "Afrilu" bugun zuciya 1860 da haske rashin jin daɗi a cikin kirji a wannan lokacin ba a haddasa shi cikin Falsafar.
Watanni huɗu, 21 Satumba 21, likita ya sami jikin rashin rai na Schopenhauer: Cutar ta sami "mamaki" lokacin da wani mutum ya sha kofi a cikin falo. Ciwon huhu na huhu ya zama posthum na falsafa.
Ba a buɗe jikin ba, saboda, yayin rayuwar Schopenhauer, a rubuce, ki ƙi wannan hanyar. A lokacin da aka binne shi a kan shugaban da aka danƙa da shi ta hanyar Laurel wreath. Duniya na rashin damuwa ya ci nasara a duniya a ranar 26 ga Satumba a makabartar gida a Frankfurt.
Rashin daidaituwa na dutsen, ya kama shi da na ƙarshe, ya daidaita jigon karshe. Babu wata hanyar magana (ranar haihuwa), babu wani abin dawo da (kwanakin mutuwa). An zana kalmomi biyu kawai akan waccan murhun: Arthur Schopenhauer.
Faɗa
"Kowane mutum da za a iya saurarensa, amma yana da daraja magana da kowane". "Scurulility na mutane ba bisa ƙauna ga mutane," Don haka a asibiti ne don mutane masu rikitarwa. "" Don haka Don 'T kasance cikin hasken littattafai, zan yuwu in je yanke ƙauna na dogon lokaci. "" Lokacin da mutane suka haɗu da Dickey suna ƙoƙarin dumama a cikin daren sanyi. Suna cikin sanyi, ana matse da juna, amma mafi ƙarfi suna yi, amma mafi mawuyacin da suke karuwa juna da ɗimbin ɗakunansu. Tilastawa saboda azaba mai rauni, sun sake matsawa saboda sanyi, sabili da haka - duk dare mutu. "Littafi daya
- "A kan tushen dokar da isasshen tushe" (1813)
- "A wahayi da launuka" (1816)
- "Zaman Lafiya kamar Will da Aiwatarwa" (1819)
- "Oh zai cikin yanayi" (1826)
- "A kan 'yanci na" (1839)
- "A cikin kyawawan halaye" (1840)
- "Babban matsalolin da'a biyu" (1841)
- "Parraga da Peralaipomen" (1841, 1851 - FASAHA BIYU)
- "Sabon paralepomena" (1860)