Tari
Viktor Hago marubucin Faransanci shine marubucin Faransa, wanda ayyukansu suka shiga cikin tarihin kuma sun zama marar gari da al'adun rubuce-rubuce. Gothic Mai son Homancecism duk rayuwarsa ta raina dokokin jama'a da raina dokokin ɗan adam. Mafi mashahuri Littafin "Molded" Hugo ya rubuta a lokacin rikicin kirkirar kirkira, amma duk da haka, wannan littafin ya zama abin da ya fi so na magoya bayan marubucin a duk faɗin duniya.Yaro da matasa
Farkon karni na 19: A Faransa, Babban Juyin Juyin Juyin Juyin Juya Halƙatawa ya halaka a kasar, Jamhuriyar Faransa na farko ya zama ya maye gurbin Jamhuriyar farko ta farko. Kasar ta kara da taken: "'yanci, daidaito, daidaito, daurin kai", da kuma matasa Bonapartte wanda ake shirin kawowa nan gaba.
A lokacin da aka lalata tsohuwar tushe, kuma a cikin Faransa sprouts daga cikin hatsi napoleonic Sizhisber Sizhisber Sizhisber Sizhisber an haifi ɗa na uku. Wannan taron ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1802 a gabashin kasar, a birnin Besanton. Yaron da ya ba da sunan wanda ya yi nasara da rauni, a kan abubuwan da mahaifiyarsa Sophie ta buƙaci, jariri ya "karin wuka.
Iyalin kuwa suna da wadata kuma suna zaune a wani gida mai yawa. Leopold ya fito ne daga yawan jin daɗin, amma babban juyin juya halin Faransanci ya yarda mutum ya nuna kansa. Mahaifin marubucin na gaba ya wuce hanyar daga jami'in sojojin Republican zuwa mai goyon bayan Bonoaparte kuma, a ƙarshe, ya zama gaba daya. Hugo Sr. Sau da yawa sun bushe saboda bashin sabis, saboda haka dangin sun koma Italiya, Spain, Marseily, har ma da tsibirin a cikin Bahar Rum da Tuscany. Yana tafiya da ban sha'awa game da ban sha'awa a kan ƙaramar nasara, wanda ya sami amsa a cikin marubutan.
Daga tarihin mahaifiyar Hugo, an san shi ne kawai cewa ta lissafa wa 'yar da jirgin ruwa.
Sophie da Leopold sun yi ƙoƙarin kawo yara uku (Victor, Habila da Ezhena) cikin ƙauna, amma faɗin bayyanar da ma'aurata suka ƙi, don me suke sau da yawa. Ana bin bukatar da na sarauta da Voltaian kuma a cikin juyin juya halin Faransanci kuma a cikin Juyin Juyahirin Faransa ya zama mai goyon bayan daular Bourbon, yayin da Hugo manabliyar ta kasance mai tawakkali ta Napoleon ta hanyar sadaukar da ta Napoleon. Ba wai kawai Rarraba siyasa ba ne ke tilasta iyayen marubuci na gaba don watsawa: Sophie yana da ƙauna a gefe tare da Janar Viktor Legori.
Saboda haka 'yan'uwa uku suka zauna a Sophie,' yan'uwa uku suka zauna a Sophie, sai labari, kuma a shekara ta 1813 Viktor da mahaifinsa ya koma babban birnin Faransa, da kuma shan ƙaramin ɗa tare da shi. A nan gaba, Sophie tayi nadama fiye da sau daya kuma da zarar ya yi kokarin sulhu da matansa, amma bai so ya manta da tsoffin mugunta.
Mahaifiya tana da tasiri sosai akan Victor: Ta yi nasarar sa ɗan 'yanci - an kafa hoton cikakkiyar sarki a yaron ta hanyar karanta littattafai.
Litattafai
Leopold yayi mafarkin cewa ƙaramin yaro ya haɗu da ainihin kimiyyar, banda, yaron yana da gwaninta ga ilimin lissafi, ya yi la'akari da couped da hadaddun daidaito. Wataƙila Dalili na Dean zai yi aiki na Michel Corgly ko kuma da diyya, amma Victor ya zaɓi wata Jami'ar Polytechic.
Mawallafin marubucin da marubutan mara mutuwa ya fi son adadi na Latin waƙoƙi da littattafai, karanta manyan ayyuka tare da rop. Duk da haka, Hugo ya fara rubuta wari da waƙoƙi a cikin yara, koyon Louisig Louisig, tun 1812. Saurayin ya kasance sau da misalin marubucin wasa ne a kan ra'ayoyin makarantun makaranta: Tables na juyawa sun kasance a matsayin Hannun Yaran da aka canza shi daga takarda mai launin.
Lokacin da yaron yake dan shekara 14, hurarrun wakilin farko ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi na farko da Romancecism Francois Shaturbrands kuma ya yi mafarkin zama kamar mawaƙin ƙasar. A cikin littafin tarihin tarihin tarihin, marubucin "majami'ar Parisian ta vergil 10 Tetradok: 'yar wasan ne saboda yanayin asibiti.
Daga baya, saurayi mai mahimmanci ya sami rubutun da mahaifiyarsa ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa, da kuma ƙona ta, idan aka duba abin da ya fi so da rubuce-rubuce. A littafin rubutu na ƙarshe, Victor ya rubuta cewa maganar banza ce da zana hoton kwai, a ciki igiyar tana.
Lokacin da Viktor ya yi shekara 15, ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai goyon bayan sarauta da kuma wani muhimmin abu na tushen yanayin gargajiya.
A cikin 1813, matasa hugo ya shiga cikin gasar karar, wanda ke wakiltar mambobi ne na Juyin Juyin Game da fa'idodin Kimiyya, Les Svantages Win Tudes, wanda yake samun yabo da kuma sake dubawa. Wasu alƙalai ba su yi imani ba cewa marubucin wakar an mai da 15, saboda a cikin aikin Victor ya yi da alama a matsayin mai girma tare da ƙirar duniya.
Matashin marubucin ya yaba da daular Bourbon a cikin ayyukan: don Odu "don maido da mutum-mutumi na Heinrich IV", saurayin ya karyata da yardar hukumomin Faransa da suka biya wa yarinyar da ke da karfin gwiwa. Dole ne in karfafa kudi ta hanyar, tunda Leopold ya ki don taimaka wa dan kudi saboda rashin yarda da makarantar Polytechnic.
Lokacin da yaron yake dan shekara 17, ya da, ya ci gaba da buga mujallar tare da sunan mujallar da Catuty ", wanda ya fito tare da mawakiyar mawaƙi a ciki da rubuce-rubuce na jama'a.
Littattafan Gyu sun nuna hanya na nuna wariyar launin fata, kuma a cikin rubuce-rubucen marubucin, yanayin siyasa na Bahar Romaneon, babban aikin ɗan adam ya kasance, babban aikin mutum shine halayen mutum.
Mazaunan Faransa dole ne su lura da rashin daidaituwa na jama'a, talauci, bayi, halayyar mata da sauran abin da aka narkar da mata, kodayake an dauki Paris a matsayin garin soyayya. Hugo, kamar duk wani marubuci, mai lura ne mai lura wanda ya damu da abin da ke kewaye da shi. Haka kuma, a cikin ayyukansa, Victor bai yi zurfin annabcin zamantakewa ba, yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da masu karatu cewa za a iya sanin matsalolin jama'a kawai lokacin da mutum ya koya game da nuna godiya da ɗabi'a.
Sau da yawa, ayyukan marubucin Faransanci sune Subtox Sport, a farkon littafin na farko "(1829) marubucin marubucin ya bayyana game da hukuncin kisa ga hukuncin kisa, gyaran tunani da gari na Jarumi na ƙararrawa, an lalata shi don halaka.
Hakanan, manufar falsafa ita ce aikin Vikostor Hugo "mutumin da ya yi dariya" (Victra Victor yana son suna "umarnin sarki") wanda marubucin ya rubuta. Littafin labari ya bayyana mummunan tashin hankali na zamantakewa, wanda Verkhovna ya sadaukar da shi. Aikin ya ba da labarin Ubangiji Guinpane, wanda a cikin ƙuruciyarsa akwai fuska don hana kaza zuwa kursiyin. Saboda rashin aiki na waje, an kula da yaron a matsayin mutum na biyu-mutum, ba mai kula da ingantattun jam'iyyunsa ba.
"An ƙi"
Littafin labari "Molded", Hugo a cikin 1862 - saman aikin marubucin Faransa, wanda fim din ya yi shi daga baya. Manufar dabarun rubutu ya ƙunshi matsalolin rayuwar da ke kewaye da rayuwar, kamar yunwa da talauci, da kuma ga talauci a ɗan guragu, wanda ya ga ikon mafi girma, wanda yake iko da mafi girma .
Samun aikin shine Jean Balzhan, wanda saboda dangin tauraron sace a cikin Botlochka. Saboda mummunan laifi, mutumin ya karɓi shekaru 19 a kurkuku, kuma bayan mafita ga nufin shi ne sakamakon da aka hana shi hakkin rayuwa shiru.
Duk da m matsayi a cikin al'umma, gwarzo na Roman yana da manufa - don yin yarinyar mara gida a goat farin ciki.
Dangane da nazarin marubucin marubucin na Faransa, littafin ya dogara da ainihin abubuwan da: A 1846 Hugo da aka kama wani mutum da aka kama saboda wani yanki na buroki.
Hakanan, Victor ya bayyana rayuwar ɗan saurayi - Syrota Gavrosh, wanda ya mutu a lokacin tashin hankalin da suka wuce wanda ya wuce 1831.
"Cathedral na Parisian Matar ta"
Tunanin "Cathedral na mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mace" ta taso daga Viktor Hugo a 1828, da littafin Hugo ya zama mai kirkirar farko: marubucin ya zama ɗan Faransa na farko da ya rubuta a aiki tare da wani yanki na tarihi.
Victor ya dogara da kwarewar shahararren masanin marubucin masanin marubuci Walter Scott. "Cathedral na Parisian mahaifiyarmu" tana da wata ma'ana ta siyasa: A lokacin rayuwarsa, marubucin Roman ya taka don sake gina al'adu.
Sabili da haka, Cathic Cathedral a cikin Paris, wanda hukumomi zasu tafi rushe, ya zama babban gwarzo na aikin. Roman ya faɗi game da zaluntar mutum da kuma faɗakarwa na har abada na alheri da mugunta. Wannan littafin yana da ban mamaki kuma yana gaya wa mummunan mummunar mummunar mummuna, cikin ƙauna tare da kyawun Esmeraldo - Mazaunin Paris, waɗanda ba su yi ba'a da batutuwan haikalin. Bayan mutuwar Hugo, an kiyaye aikin: ya dogara ne da sanannen "Horbun daga Notre Dame" (1996).
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar sirri ta Victor Hugo ta bambanta kansa da cewa yana da irin dangantaka tare da jima'i. A cikin matasa, marubucin ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da Adel Fuse, wakilin wakilcin wakilin bourgeoisie. A cikin 1822, ƙaunataccen ƙaunataccen aure. Ma'aurata suna da yara biyar (ɗan fari na farko sun mutu a cikin jariri), amma kyakkyawa na ADEL ya fara sakaci Hugo: Ba ta ɗauki mata da marubuci ba kuma ba ta karanta guda ɗaya daga ayyukansa ba. Amma matar ta canza mijinta tare da abokinsa Saint Laint-Beva, sun ƙi Victor a cikin jin daɗin jan hankali, amma ta taɓa yin shuru na dakatarwa.
Daga baya, hugo ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da ƙauna mai labulen mutane, wanda ke kunshe da sarkin Anatowa, ba tare da ƙin yarinya cikin alatu ba. Sabon Passasy ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da marubuci wanda ya nemi gama labari tare da mai arziki. Amma a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin Hugo, ya juya ya zama wawaye mai kyau: Daga alherin ado da sabon amarya ya ba da kuɗi kaɗan don kashe kuɗi da sarrafa kowane tsabar kuɗi.
Sabuwar ƙaunataccen VICHOT yana da mafarki ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, amma marubucin bai yi wani ƙoƙari ba domin yarinyar za ta sami rawar wasan kwaikwayo.
Daga baya, sha'awar Jultate ya tsufa, kuma bai kasance ba da nishadi da 'yan mata na dare daya, saboda liyafar da ta shirya wani ofishi daban a gidansa.
Mutuwa
Babban marubucin ya mutu a cikin bazara na 1885 daga huhu. Sakon Game da mutuwar Viktor Hugo Mig ya tashi a kan duka Faransa, miliyoyin mutane da ke yiwa kuma sun halarci jana'izar litattafan rashin mutuwa.
Daya daga cikin wuraren da suka fi so game da magoya bayan Hugo shine tsibirin Jersey, inda Victor ya gudanar da shekaru 3 masu farin ciki kuma ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mawaki.
Littafi daya
- "An ƙi"
- "Cathedral na Parisian Matar ta"
- "Mutumin da yayi dariya"
- "Ranar karshe ta yanke hukuncin kisa"
- "Casa'in da uku"
- "Kozett"
- "Ma'aikatan teku"
- "Gavrosh"
- "Claunta GE"
- "Ernani"
Faɗa
- "Sanya masarauta, kuma ka rushe abin da aka makala na ';
- "Manyan mutane da wuya su bayyana shi kaɗai";
- "Tunani ba wasa bane a cikin gandun daji";
- "Downtown, wanda ya san hanyar, ya fi ɗan bindiga, yana bayarwa a bazuwar";
- "A kan ƙarfin ƙarfinta. Yana da mahimmanci a kan wanda hannun dama yake ";
- "Wani mutum ya bautar kawai gidan mace, har ma da jikinta, kuma mafi sau da yawa jiki fiye da rai. Rai - ƙaunataccen, jikin farka ne. "