Tari
Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev - The jagorar tawagar ƙasa da yakin musamman 1773-1775. Wani mai son kai wanda ya ba da kansa ga Sarkin Peter III.
An haifi 'yan tawaye nan gaba a cikin 1742 a ƙauyen Zimovaye (yanzu yankin Volgograd) a cikin dangin don cossack. Mutanen da ke zaune ƙasar yankin Don wadatar da 'yancin walwala mai ƙauna. Sama da shekaru 110 kafin haihuwar Eme'yan, wanda ya riga ya fito fili ya bayyana nan - Stean razin. Kakannin Pugacheva sa sunan barkwanci Mikhail Pugach, wanda ya fadi a cikin tushe na sunan karshe. A cikin Iyalan iyayen yaro Ivan Mikhailovich da Anna Mikhailovna, dan mai-mace da 'ya'ya mata biyu an kawo su - olyana da Fedosya. Pugachevs mai da'awar Orthodoxy, ya bambanta da matukan jirgin ruwan-anthewers.
A cikin 1760, saurayin ya shiga cikin sabis ɗin kuma nan da nan ya fada cikin yakin neman soji a kan Prussia. Lokaci-lokaci ziyarci dangi, pugachachev ya ziyarci yaƙe-yaƙe na shekara bakwai da Turkawa-Turkish yaƙe-yaƙe. Bayan shekara 10, Emeely aka gina a cikin jerin alamu, amma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin na Arewa, ya shiga gudu a cikin tsibiran Arewa Caucasus. Irin wannan damar da aka ba ta bayan cutar da kamuwa da cuta, wanda shine sanadin aikawar gidansa. Maidowa, Emelyan converges tare da mijin mijinta da jumlolin S. Pavlov ya zama masu bauta.
M
Dalilin da ya ta'addara, wanda aka yi wa tawayen Emelyan pugachel zuwa, shi ne tallafi a cikin 1762 Jadawalin mulkin da aka gabatar "a kan batsa na ɗaukakar". An gyara Serfom na tsawon shekaru 100. A wancan lokacin, duk ƙauyukan ƙauyukan Rasha na Cossacks, 'yan kasuwa da masu girki suna girma a cikin Rasha. Mutanen ƙasa da miliyan sun firgita, amma matsayinsa bai canza ba. Rikicin da ke tsakanin yadudduka na yawan jama'a da masu ƙasa ana kiransu. Pugachev, kamar yadda wani ya bayyana ra'ayoyin mutane, ya dauki matsayin jagorancin Jagora, wanda ya sami nasarar kusanci da yanayin rashin lafiya na jihar kyauta.
Emelyan Ivanovich koyaushe yana ƙaura, ba haɓaka a wuri guda. Sau da yawa, wuraren shakatawa na faratalwa, da ake kira lokacin da ya zama dole azaman tsohuwar ƙarin ƙari ko tsane, amma sau da yawa yana komawa zuwa ga al'adar arna. Pugachev na shekaru uku ya ziyarci Chergegov, a cikin Gomel, a cikin ƙasashen Yaren mutanen Poland, a kan kogin Irek, ya rayu a ƙauyukan Terek Cossacks da Cossacks-nekrasvtsev.
A cikin 1773, Pugachev, bayan hukuncin da ba a samu ba, kuma ta hanyar yanke shawara a kan al'amuran jihar jihar ta Jiha, an yanke masa hukunci game da rayuwa a ƙauyen Belim. Amma daga gwanon dinki ya samu nasarar gudu a lokacin bazara a wannan shekarar.
Tubetection
Emelyan ya ji game da kawar da tayin ya fito da wasan na yaitsky kuma ya hanzarta zuwa misalai don samar da kansa ga Peter Iii kuma ya zama shugaban sojojin Cossack a kan hakkokin Sarki. Pugachev ya yanke shawarar tara rundunar sojoji mai karfi don karya zuwa ga ƙasar kyauta ta fata da can don daidaitawa da cossacks. Al'umma I.N. Zaroubin-Chika, M.G.Sshigayev, T.G.MYASNIKOV, D.K. Gozhevnikov ya shirya almara na da kuma ya fara kiran Ataman Peter III.
Cestack Cossack da ke mafarkin ƙirƙirar masarautar ta Cossack kyauta, a gaban wanda zai tsaya Mutumin nan. Views na hankali na Pugachev ya sami amsa a cikin zukatan da basu gamsu da tunanin mutane masu lalacewa ba.
Pugachev yana zuwa babban maƙasudi, ta amfani da tashin hankali, rashin daidaituwa, mummunan tashin hankali tare da masu mallakar ƙasa da sojoji. Saboda 'yan fashi da bayani, ana kiranta Ataman Don Atami a wani ƙungiya. Tarihin tushen tarihi ba su yarda da ra'ayi ba a cikin biranen da ƙauyuka da shi, ko kuma mutanen suna tsoron 'yan tawayen. A dangane da boye bayanan takardu a game da batun pugacheev ya boye fiye da shekaru 200, ana boye hujjoji da yawa.
Yakin musamman
A kaka na 1773, babban m sojan sojoji da aka shirya, wanda zai tallafa wa Serfs. Emelyan ya kuma dogara da al'ummomin Bashkirov, Tatskov, Kazakhs, The Kazakhs, hakanan kazakhs, da hakan, ta haka ne keza kiyayya game da gwamnatin Rasha. A cikin rundunar rikicin, gwarzo na Bashkir mutane salvat yulaev da sojojinsa suka taimaka wa gwarzon dan kasar Bashkir.
An gudanar da muminai a cikin hunturu na 1773 don tattara sojoji 25 da dubu, a Arsenal wanda akwai bindigogi 86 da kayayyaki. A shugaban kungiyar soja ya tsaya takarar, wanda ya tsunduma cikin jerin sojoji, batutuwan siyasa da na zamantakewa a cikin manyan 'yan tawayen. The "Sirruka Duma" Pugacheva ya kasance a cikin Bordy Sloboda Sloboda tare da jaraba da alkawuran sarki Peter III.
Tare da a bayyane fa'idodin ƙungiyoyi na pugachev, ya yi yawan kuskuren da suka rinjayi sakamakon tashin hankali. City na farko, wanda ya ɗauki 'yan tawayen, ya zama garin yaitsky, to lokacin da Pal Orongg. Share yankunan arewacin, pugachev ya kame sojojin kayayyaki, da fatan samar da sojojin manyan manyan bindigogi. Sojojin Cossack sun sauka zuwa ƙananan yaron Bolga, a biranen da suka yi aiki da sarki.
Rashin aiki da nasara ya sami damar pugachev a kashe alkawuransa da ya rage zubar da karaya da rage shayarwa. Yankin da tashin hankali ya cika daga Yammaci Siberiya zuwa yankin Perm, lardin Tambov kuma ya sauko kan ƙananan masoyiyar. Pugachev ya kama birnin Saraask, Penza, Satatov, Chelyabinsk, UFA, Krasnoufimsk. Ataman ya kafa iko a cikin magnetic, karaga, petrovlovsk, steppe da kuma Triniti gigge. Amma waɗanda suka bari a bayan yankin Volga suna zama mai amfani don martanin sojojin gwamnati zuwa ga 'yan tawayen.
A karshen bazara na 1774, sojojin Michelon ya yi nasara da Cossacks kusa da Tsarityn, juya abokan gaba zuwa tekun Caspian. Ga dubu 100 na rubles, pugachawev ya ci abokan aikin F. F. E.Kumakov, I.Keduleveveau da I.Kfevologican, kuma a cikin kogin, babban fursuna, an kama babban kurkuku.
An sanya pugacheva a cikin keji, wanda ba zai yiwu a kawar da dukkanin girma ba, kuma a cikin wannan tsari, a karkashin sharewa na Alexander Sevareov, isar da babban birnin. Maganar da bakin ciki da minsions sun tsunduma cikin kotun majalisar dattijai. An daidaita hukuncin kisa da kanka tare da Cather Catherine II. Baya ga Emelyan pugyva, A. Pugchav, M. G. Shigayev, T. I. Tornov ya yanke wa kwata.
Sakamakon tashin hankali ya kasance lalata iyalai sama da 3,000, tsire-tsire 60 na jiki. An lalatar da katangar soja, aka saki majami'ar Orthodox kuma aka ƙone birane. Pugachev Cossacks ya kasance da rashin yankan gwamnatocin gwamnati, sun yiwa matansu da 'ya'yansu mata. 'Yan tawayen sun kashe firistoci, har da mutane masu sauƙaƙa, ba tare da ladabi ko jarirai ba, ko kuma tsofaffi. An sanya mutane a kotu a kotu. Burin PugacheV bai kai ba, da ya ruga a cikin laifukan jini.
Yakin yaki da gaske yana shirin zartar da hukuncin da ke mulkin jihar Rasha. Gwamnati da, sama da duka, Sarauniyar Catherine Ii ta dauki matsananci matakai don kauda tunawa da tunanin 'yan tawayen a cikin mutane. Kauyen da Emelyan an haife shi an canza shi zuwa wani wuri kuma an karɓi sunan potemkin. Rogin Yaik ya sake suna kan ayoyi, kuma yaitskaya cossacks - ga urayes. Zaporizizhia Schish na har abada daina wanzuwa a matsayin ilimin mai haɗari mai haɗari. Yawancin ƙauyukan Cossack sun canza daga tsakiyar kuma sun yi rauni.
Mutuwa
Bayan an yanke wa shari'ar pugachyv da abokan tarayya hudu sun yanke wa bariki. Amma hukuncin kisa mara kyau, kuma a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1775, a murabba'in bolotnaya na duk biyar an fille kansa da farko, sannan ya fadi.Kafin kisan pugemachev ya yi hankali, an yi masa baftisma ga duk bangarorin huɗu, a kan cocin, a bayyane a cikin nesa, kuma ana buƙatar gafara daga mutanen Orthodox.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1760, Edelyan pugkiya ya kama matar Sofhia Dmitrievna Neshezhezhev, ɗan asalin ƙasar Esalovskaya. Amma ba da daɗewa ba sun aika da sabon sassan zuwa Yakin tare da Prussia, kuma matan da aka yi kuma ta kula da iyayensa. Bayan dawowar ɗan gajeren lokaci na Cossack zuwa ƙasarsa a cikin 1764, ɗan farin fari - ɗan ɗan ɗan'uwansa - an haife shi a cikin iyali. Bayan haka, Soophia ta haifi 'ya'ya kaɗan, sai' yar agraphen da Christine, 1768 da 1770 shekaru da suka tsira. Bayan jirgin sama na ya ce ya fito da Cossacks na yaitesky, a ƙarshe ya fashe da matarsa da yara kuma suka fara jagorantar rayuwa kyauta.
A farkon shekarar 1774, ya isa garin yaitsky, Eme'an Pugachev ya ja da hankali ga yarinyar Ustiny Kuznetsov, 'yar Cossack, wacce ta kasance shekara 17. Pugachev ya aika da wani wasa a gidan amarya sau da yawa, amma duk lokacin da ya karba. A ƙarshe, ATAMAN ya yanke shawarar fahimtar Ustynni da ƙarfi da dabara, kuma a farkon Fabrairu, bikin aure ya faru a cocin.
Bayan bikin aure, yarinyar ta zauna a "Soyayyar Wards" kuma ba ta iya musunta kansa. Amma har yanzu Ustinya ya kasance matsayin nasa. Aure a kan wani abu mai sauki Cossack ya raunana da amincewa da Atamans zuwa Pugachev, kamar yadda Sarkid ya sā tabbata a karshe wanda a qarshe ya kai cin amana. Wanda a qarshe ya kai cin amana.
Bayan kama Pugacheva, dangin farko da Uscinya Kuznetsova, duk da cewa an san su ga mawuyacin hali, suna zuwa ga ƙarshen rayuwar Kexholm, inda har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Kexholm, inda har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar ke cikin gidan kurkuku. Catherine II ko da bayan ɗan lokaci bai soke jumla ba.
Singinkin game da pugachev
Labarin Bunt | a karkashin jagorancin Pugachev, ya boye jagorar Pugachev, amma an kiyaye hoton gwarzo a cikin tunanin mutane. Daya daga cikin masu binciken farko suna sha'awar halayen pugachev, Alexander turkin ya zama.
Marubucin ya kirkiro ayyukan da aka sadaukar da rubutu guda biyu zuwa Emelyan Ivanovich: "Tarihi Pugerova" da "'yar kyaftin". A cikin rubutun farko, marubucin ya bayyana ayyuka da kuma ayyukan ɗan tawayen jaruntaka, dangane da duk bayanan da aka sani a wancan lokacin. An rubuta samfur na biyu a cikin harshen fasaha, amma halayyar pugacheva a ciki ana ba daidai, wanda aka tabbatar da takaddun da aka buga daga baya.
Tunani
Bishara pugachev ya haifar da sha'awar marubutan da kuma shaidar masana'antar finafinan. 13 fina-finai a kan batun pugachacing buint. Hoto na farko game da Ataman ya bayyana a 1937, Konstantin Skorobogatov ya taka rawar gani a cikin wasan kwaikwayo.Shahararrun tashoshin shahararrun fim ana daukar aikin PUTHGENV a cikin tef "Enalyn pugachev" da Vladimir Mashkov a cikin tarihi na tarihi ". Buga Buga".
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A cikin ƙauyen Zimovoyye, ban da Stean razin da Emelyan pugyva, wani wani juyi na tawaye da aka haife shi da Janar Janar da aka haife shi. Cossack ya zama mai halartar da shirye-shiryen harin ta'addanci ya kawar da Sarkinnand Alexander III, amma an kama aikin da ba a yi nasara ba, kuma an kama aikin. An kashe Jagoran yadda magabata ne: saurayin ya yanke kan kansa.
- Ekaterina II HID bayani game da pugachev isar da tayin daga Turawa. Amma baƙon jakadan Jakadancin Jakadancin Jakadancin Jakadancin Jakadancin Jamus ya lura da rashin baƙar fata caviar a cikin kasuwannin babban birnin kuma sun yi daidai ƙarshe game da halayen a kan Wars akan wasan bakin.
- An zaci cewa Eugachev tattara dukiyar da aka nuna a gaban Eastn Haruffiyar. Akai-akai da zurfin da aka tabbatar da kasancewar makusan sirdi da lu'u-lu'u a Ataman. Amma bayan kama Pugacheva, ba a sami tarkon ba. Bayan haka daga baya aka nemi wadannan wuraren ajiye motoci na Pugachev sojojin a cikin ulalat na kudancin jiriyar, amma ba su sami komai ba.
- An tabbatar da cewa Emelyan Ivanovich ta samu taimakon kuɗi daga Daular Ottoman da Faransa. Zai yi wuya a kafa Daidai, amma bisa ga ɗayan nau'ikan Pugemachev ne wakili, wanda ya kamata ya raunana yakin Rasha da kuma hana yakin Rasha-Turkish. Ta hanyar canja wurin manyan sojoji daga gaba zuwa gaban yaƙin da Ataman, an tilasta wa Rasha don kammala taron tare da Turkiyya a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba shi da amfani.