Tari
A mafi girma da Jumper, mafi tsananin rauni rayuwar sarki na Moscow da duk Rasha ta nuna cewa wannan batun batun Russia ke sane da wannan batun Russia. Buduwar kauyen mai sauki kajima ya zama fi so sarki, amma kuma da sauri ya rasa babban Sana. Sunan sarki an haɗa shi da wani taron a cikin tarihi - tsagaicin cocin Orthodox na Rasha.
A cikin ƙasa na Nizhgorood ƙasa, a ƙauyen Veldemanovo, a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1605, taron m ya faru a cikin iyali mai sauƙi: wanda ake kira Nikita yayin baftisma. Daga tarihin rayuwar iyayen gaba na gaba, an san duk Russia duk ɗan yaron. Mahaifin Minin Minin na Marz, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta mutu yayin haihuwa.
An tayar da Nikita a cikin tsawan tsauri, mahaifinsa shi ne yawanci ba ya nan a gida, don haka Yaron ya kasance yana kula da uba. Af, mace ta biyu na ma'adanan suna da tsayayye kuma ba tare da wani mummunan hali ba, wani lokacin yakan lalata yaron don gurasar da kisan teku. Mahaifin iyali, wanda ya fusata da sarautar da ta sasanta mace ta biyu dangane da dansa, don komawa gida ya doke matansa. Koyaya, ya zama darajan da zan fita don ƙofar gidan, rashin wulakanci na karamin yaro ya ci gaba.
Nikita ya sha wahala babban halin uwa da aka ungo uwa, nemo ta'aziyya a cikin Nassosi, da kuma yaron ya ƙaunace kaunar. Dan Ministan Cocin na gaba na Cocin dan wasan ne mai baiwa, wanda maimakon wasannin a cikin sabon iska tare da mutanen da aka fi son difloma.
Orthodoxy
Lokacin da barin dangin manya ke da shekara 12, yaron ya tafi zhoveetodsky Makariyev gidan sufi na Makariye, wanda ya bankin hagu na Bolga, inda ya tsaya to 1624. Amma a kai tsaye ga dangi wanda ya karya saurayin daga hidimar zamba, an tilasta wa Nikita ya dawo gida zuwa ƙauyen sa, mahaifinsa ƙaunataccensa ya ƙaunace shi.
A cikin Veldemanovo Nikon a cikin Mariges da Kashe San Iere. Da farko, firist ya riƙe horaran coci a ƙauyen maƙwabta na Lyskove, amma 'yan kasuwar metroolitan sun sami koyan samuwar da karatun Selyan. Ya kasance a babban birnin kasar Rasha cewa karar gaci na makomar Orthodox zata faru.
Rayuwar Iyali Nikita da ma'auratansa suna da wahala su yi farin ciki: 'Ya'yan biyu sun kasa fara zuriyar, tunda' ya'yan jariri sun mutu cikin jaririn. Firist ɗin da ake iya tsinkayar hasara a matsayin alama ce, ma'ana cirewa daga rayuwar duniya. Don haka, a cikin 1635, Ieriya ya tabbatar da matashin ya zama sufi da sufi na gidan Alekseevsky.
Barin kuɗi don abubuwan da matarsa, Ministan matar sa, Minisar da Nikita Minista ta ɗauki tonsure a gidan sujada na Sadack kuma ya zama Nikon: Abbot na ƙwararren Ele'azara da kansa ya yi wannan ta fara wannan. Dangane da addinin Orthodox, mutumin da ya yi shawarwari ga dunkulawan rayuwar duniya kuma ya ɗauki wani suna, yana samun sabon suna na ruhaniya.
Nikon abd barcted daga rayuwa da runtumar Nikon ya lura da rayuwar da ta gabata, ba tare da gaji ba, yana karanta nufin Allah da addu'a zuwa ga bautar Allah. Rayuwa a cikin skete, wanda yake a kan bankunan zagaye na tafkin, ya kasance mai tsauri, ya karanta rubutun Littafi Mai-Tsarki na dare, ba wankewa tare da idanunsu. Abinci a cikin sulhu na ruhun ba su bambanta da yawa: An kunna wuraren binciken da ke tattare da berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da gari da jihar ta miƙa hadaya.
Saboda sabis na ibada da karatu, Nikon ya zama abin da aka fi so game da Ele'azara ANZSED, WHO A nan gaba ya ance da ministocin mahaifa, kuma cibiyar Nikon ta amince da su.
Amma a cikin 1639, Ink Nikon da Muryar Masarauta suna da rashin jituwa game da gina wani coci, sabili da haka, wanda bai sami goyon baya ga 'yan'uwa ba, ya tsere daga daidaitaccen monascrow wanda ya yi aiki da shi tsawon lokaci.
Bayan yawo, Nikon yana samun ta'aziya a cikin gidajen fata, kuma bayan mutuwar Abbot na haikalin ya zama Igumen.
A cikin 1646, malamin ya koma babban birnin Rasha don tattara gudummawar gudummawar gidan suli ya zo tare da baka zuwa ga sarki Alexey Mikhailovich.
Nikon ya buga karatun sarkin da jawabai magana. Af, Alexey Mikhailovich ya yi tafiya sosai ibada da Addinin Orthodox da Ikklisiya suna ba da izini.
Bayan tattaunawa tare da firist, yariman ya gane cewa yana son ganin wannan mutumin a Moscow, saboda haka IGuman fassara zuwa babban birnin. Mazauna ba su son irin wannan tsari na sarki zuwa wani m, amma, duk da haka, barin cikin manyan iyali na Isodox na Novospassan Ortoplidox na Novospassix.
Kasancewa a cikin sabis, Nikon ya zama memba na "Cheachernessaunar da ke", wanda aka kafa a ƙarshen karni na 17.
Daga baya, a cikin 1649, Minin ya zama babban birni na divgorood Diocese kuma tare da kwazo na musamman yana aiwatar da nauyi, samar da ayyukan tabbatar da ka'idodi.
A cikin 1650, masu fama da yunwa sun fashe a Novgorod na Novgorod, dalilin diddigin citizensan ƙasa ya tashi mai kaifi ga abinci. Mahalarta taron akwai mutane daban-daban azuzuwan daban-daban, daga masu harbi, zuwa ga matalauta da masu fasaha: mutane na Rasha sun yi hamayya da yanayin Sarki. Amma saboda matsayin mai dorewa na Nikon, wanda ya kare bukatun Alexei Mikhallovich da sauran sahabbai, bangon novgorood ya kasance bacin rai.
Shugabannin tawaye suna jiran hukuncin kisa, wanda daga baya ya canza zuwa bugun bulala da ba a san shi ba. Zauna azaba ta faru da godiya ga birni, wanda bai nuna rashin son kai ga kurkuku ba, saboda wanda wasu 'yan ƙasa suka sami kwayar cutar, saboda wanda wasu' yan ƙasa suka sami kwayar cutar ta zaba metropolitan.
Sarki
Nikon ya zama mai karɓar tashin hankali, wanda ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1652 zuwa babbar ranar Alhamis. Theaukakar da ake so a cocin San Patteruch don ba da wanda ya kafa kungiyar ta "Jeques" Stefan, amma ya ƙi kada ya zabi dan takarar gidan sarki.
Ga jihar Rasha a cikin karni na 17, taken na Bishop-popean sanda na Firist: Babban sarki na duk Russia na iya warware matsaloli, da kuma nuna wa sarki don yin kuskure da azabtar da mutane wanda ya keta dokoki na ruhaniya. A zahiri, Alexey Mikhailovich ya sanya Nikon abokin nasa.
A yayin gina Herolan a cikin sarki, Alexey Mikhailovichichicich ya yi nasara da cewa babu wani yanayi da ya tsoma baki a cikin cocin.
Sake fasalin kuma raba coci
Minin ya kasance mafi yawan abubuwan da aka fi so da kuma tasirin maganganun siyasa, godiya ga kakanin Moscow a cikin 1654, da haɗuwa da Rasha da Ukraine, kuma Nikon yana sha'awar gini da kuma dawo da Nikon.
Ayyukan gyara na sarki na Moscow da duk Russia Nikon ya bar hanya a cikin tarihi saboda rabon cocin Orthodox na Rasha a cikin 1650-1660.
Dalilin rabuwa ya fara bayyana tun lokacin da ya samar da "kishi na takawa". Mahalarta taron tattaunawar da aka tattauna batun haduwa da malamai da ake kira don daidaituwa na karanta Nassosi da gudanar da ayyukan hurawa. Kawai a nan game da tallafin asalin samfurin a wurin hadama akwai rashin yarda da al'adun Byzantine, lokacin da wasu suka dogara da tsohon ɓangarorin Rashanci.
Tare da zuwan ma'adanai a kan sarki, da'irar matasa sun rushe, amma tsofaffin masu bi na 'yan siyasa na Nikoon ya ci gaba da yin adawa da gyaran sarki. Nikon ya gabatar da ka'idodi na littadi a 1653, wanda ya raba tsakanin abokan tarayya da tsofaffi.
Gyaran Nikon sun kasance kamar haka:
- An sake buga littattafan coci da kuma fassara shi bisa ga Greek Callen
- An gabatar da alamar hanya biyu tare da baftisma na Rasha an maye gurbinsu da manufa uku. Ga mabiyan "Old Orthodoxy", yatsunsu biyu suna nufin yanayi biyu na haɗin Kristi, kuma an nuna Triniti Mai Tsarki. Saboda haka, da alama, wannan ɗan ƙaramin canji ne a cikin sabis ɗin yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen addini.
- Canza rubuta sunan Kristi: Izus ya zama Yesu
- An canza su da baka
- Kalmar "Aliluya" ta fara furta sau uku a maimakon biyu, da sauransu.
Tsohon muminai basu gamsu da sabon dokokin Ikkilisiya ba, har ma da hanyoyin yatsunsu biyu da aka yi musu jagora kuma an bambanta su ta hanyar Analema. Abokan gaba na farko wanda ya gabatar da 'yan adawa shi ne mai yawan tattaunawa daga cikin "tsohon addini" Propop Avvakum.
Alexey Mikhailovich mutunta Nikon kuma ya ba da minina da lakabi na "Veliky Soviet" (Uba Mikhail Fedorovich Filaret aka yi amfani da su Nikon Titul), amma nan da nan akwai wani rikici tsakanin sarki da kuma sarki. Dalilin rashin jituwa shi ne cocin cocin da aka yarda a 1649. Wannan halin dokokin jihar sun rage matsayin cocin Otodoks kuma sanya shi gaba daya dogaro da jihar.
Har ila yau, makokin da ba sa son kusancin Nikon zuwa ga sarki, an soki shi a kan sarki mai ban tsoro, kuma sakamakon bai jira halayen Alexey Mikhailovich zuwa Minin. Saboda abubuwan da suka faru da suka lullube malamin majalisa, an tilasta Nikon cikin jituwa don barin Moscow.
A cikin 1666, kotun na cocin Rasha da aka yanke shawarar ware Nikon daga Sana da kuma buga shi daga firist don "Anti-jirgin".
Rayuwar sirri
A lokacin rayuwa na sarki na sarki ya kasance mai ilimi da kuma sanannun mutum wanda bai yi mamaki ba kawai cikakken ilimin Nassosi na Mai Tsarki, amma kuma hikima ta yau da kullun. Zai yi wuya a hukunta ainihi na Nikon, kamar yadda tsofaffin masu bi da magoya bayan sabon sake fasalin suna kwatanta wannan mutumin ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu a rayuwa an rubuta cewa Nikon shine babban adadi na Orthodox wanda ya ci gaba don amfana; Wasu sun gaskata cewa Minin iko ne mai ƙarfi, mai haɗama da mugunta wanda ya shirya don zuwa duk abin da ya sami wurin sarki.
Lokacin da alƙalai suka cire Nikon daga Sana, jirgin ya lallakin duk "laifukan" na sarki, kuma wancan shine rubutun:
"Nikon ba tare da Cathedral da kansa da kanta da kanta ba, ferefesa, ya ja hankalinsa da talakawa ya mutu: ko kuma ya rikice ta dabbobin, ko kuma sun faɗi a cikin kogin, kuma sun mutu. "Koyaya, babu wani daga cikin marubutan tarihi na iya yin hukunci da amincin wannan bayanin.
Mutuwa
Scene zuwa Cyril-belozersky sufi, inda harsashin zalunci ya bunƙasa, Nikon ya lalata lafiyarsa.
Sabbin Fedor Tsar Fedor Alekseevichicichic Alekseeevich ta fitar da shi, don haka, akasin sha'awar cocin, ya ba da sanarwar tsohon sarki ya koma gidan tashin matattu. Monk mai rashin tausayi bai mallaki hanya mai nisa ba kuma ya mutu a kan Yaroslavl duniya a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1681.