Tari
Wanda ya kirkiro ilimin halittar kwayar halitta a cikin USSR, wakili, masanin ilimin halitta da mai shayarwa. Mutumin Encyclopedic Holyclopedic, wanda ya sanya yarukan Turai biyar, a shekara 41 da haihuwa ya zama shugaban makarantar ilimin kimiyyar aikin gona.
Nikolai Ivanovich Vercil da aka haife shi a cikin 1887 a cikin dangin Moscow dan kasuwa na na biyu na Ivan Ilyich, wani nugget daga masu karamin karfi. Vavilov ya gudanar da takalmin takalmin, kuma a cikin 1909 Ilyich zaben memba ne na taron garin Duma. Iyalin masana'antu sun zauna a gidansa a kan matsakaitan tsaka-tsaki. Mama - Alexander Mikhallovna Postnikova - daga dangin Moscow Moscow na ma'aikatan masana'antar masana'antu.
Uku daga cikin yara bakwai na wavilov sun mutu cikin jaraba. 'Yar uwargida Nikolai ta matasa - Lydia Vavilov, Lydia Vavilov, Microbicioncicor - ya mutu daga kananan baƙar fata a cikin 1914, wanda ya kamu da cutar da ta mutu a cikin balaguron. Sergey Vavilov ya ƙaramin ɗan'uwan, shahararren ilimin lissafi, ba a shekarar 1951 ba ne.
Mahaifina mafarkin zai je wurin sawunsa kuma ya ci gaba da kasuwancin iyali. Amma babba, tunda ya saukar da Tasirin Geraroum da Taswirar Jiovice, kimiyyar lissafi da ilmin lissafi da aka ɗauke su. Mahaifiyar ya yi kokarin "shawo kan" zuriyarsa da taimakon bel, ya tsunduma masu, amma 'yan' ya'ya sun gaji daga kan dangi mai wuya.
Bayan kammala karatun daga motsa jiki, Nikolai da Sergey sun rasa ga Uba kuma sun shiga makarantar kasuwanci a kan Ozen, amma mafarkan aikin kimiyya ya rinjayi. Nikolai, ba son yin shekara ɗaya don bincika harshen Latin don shiga Jami'ar Moscow, a cikin 1906 ya zama dalibi na cibiyar aikin gona, a cikin 1906 ya zama ɗalibin cibiyar aikin gona, zabar agroset. Sergey ya shiga cikin kimiyyar lissafi da ilimin lissafi na Jami'ar Moscow.
Malaman Vavilov a Jami'ar Organist Nikolai Khudyakov da wanda ya kafa Chemistry Chemistry Dmitry Samiids, yana haskakawa Soviet Agarian kimiyya. A karkashin fara, an kafa Nikolay a matsayin masanin kimiyya.
Zabi da kwayoyin halitta
A Cibiyar, a kan wani shirin nazarin likitanci da nazarin halittu, Dmitry Spicynikova Nikolai Vavilov ya yi karatun zabin. Bayan ya karbi difloma na makarantar kimiyya, ta koma Otistersburg Ofitleau Onetersburg Onetersburg.
A shekara ta 1913, an aika masanin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta mai ƙwarewa don koyo a ƙasashen waje. A cikin kwamiti a Faransa, ya sami masaniya da kiwo, a cikin Jena Jena da Ingilishi sun yi aiki a dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Wata shida ta yi aiki tare da sanannen masanin ilimin halitta William Baton. A Cambridge, Nikolai Vavilov ya ci gaba da bincika hatsi na abinci, tsagron tuki da aka kawo daga Rasha zuwa gonar Jami'a.
Yakin kimiyya ya barke saboda yakin duniya na fara. Hukumar da aka gayyata ta 'yantar da matashin masanin kimiyya daga sabis: Nicholas sun sami rauni mai rai da ido.
A shekara ta 1916, Vavilov ya ziyarci arewacin Iran, Ferogaa da Pamirire. Tafiya ya tattara kayan kimiyya, haɓaka dokokin tsarin juna da kuma kafa tushen yaduwar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Abubuwan da suka faru da Jama'a na 1917, Rusanci Russia, ta sami Nikolai Vavilov a cikin Sassatov, inda ya samu malami a jami'a. Ba da daɗewa ba za a yi bincike na gaba na gaba game da zaman lafiyar tsiro don cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da suka fara nuna cewa halittar kwayoyin halitta.
Budewar Farfesa na Farfesa na Tarayyar Amurka sun koya a cikin 1920s a cikin majalissar masu shayarwa a cikin Satareov. Rahoton Masanin Masana Tsallake haske akan ka'idar bambancin. Abokan Nikolai Ivanovich ta kira bude bude Vavilov daidai da sikelin binciken Demitry Mendeleev a cikin sunadarai da kuma bude manyan makwanni don aiwatarwa.
Bayan shekara daya, Nikolai Vavilo ya bayyana dokar jerin gwanon kungiyar a Amurka, a babban taron aikin gona na duniya. Rahoton Vavilov ya kira abin mamaki, hotuna na kimiyyar Soviet ya yi wa Editocin jaridu.
Daga baya, bayan wallafa ta Nikolai Vavilov, bincike kan cibiyoyin tsire-tsire na noma, masana kimiyya sun karɓi wani nau'in zabe, yana ba da damar kewaya cikin duniyar da ba iyaka ta duniya.
A cikin 1921, an gayyace Nikolai Ivanoovich zuwa bugun, inda shi tare da wasu ɗalibai da mutane masu son juna sun shirya Cibiyar Creeding na Union. Jami'ar, wanda ke cikin ƙauyen sarauta, ya wuce shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwar shahararren masanin kimiyyar.
A cikin 1929, Nikolai Vaschnoan makarantar da Shugaba Vaschnil. Shugaban mai shekaru 42 ya sawa lambobin sadarwa tare da abokan aiki daga Amurka da Turai. Abubuwan Soviet a cikin 1930s da farkon rabin 40s suna tafiya ɗaya mataki a gaban Sashen Yammacin Turai.
Takaddun balaguro
Rabin rayuwar Vavilov ya faru a cikin balaguron. A cikin ɗalibin, matasa masanin masanin kimiyya ya ci gaba da shi ga tantin Caucasus da kuma arewacin Caucasus.
A cikin 1920s, masanin kimiyya shine jagoran ilimin Soviet da kuma hasken ilimin Agrarian na ilimin kimiyyar Agrarian - wanda aka tattara tare da ɗaliban kimiyya.
A shekarar 1924, Farfesa ya ziyarci Nuristan - a rufe don cinyoyin Afghanistan. Abubuwan da aka tinkarar kasashen waje a cikin Bahar Rum, Afirka da Indiya ta hanyar wadatar da tarin tsaba. Masanin kimiyya ya rubuta cewa a Indiya "samu wani prazhi" kuma "Gindusush ya fassara sau hudu, sau daya a kan hanyar Alexander Macedyky."
A tsakiyar shekarun 1920, ya ziyarci balaguron kai ga Hivsky Oasis na Uzbekistan, kuma a cikin 1926-27 ya gudanar da aikin bincike a Algeria, Maroko, Syastia da Falasdinu. Nikolay Vervilov nazarin Girka na Girka, kudu da Faransa, yada Spain da Portugal. Hanyoyi na Vavilov da ƙungiyoyinsa sun cika da kilomita dubu biyu, kuma kayan da aka tattara kunshi na samfuran samfurori.
A ƙarshen 1920s da wuri 1930s, masanin ya ziyarci Japan, China da Kudancin Amurka. Bayan balaguron aiki, muhimmin aikinsa na biyu a cikin cibiyoyin da aka buga a cikin asalin tsire-tsire tsirrai, wanda V. na Lenin ya kyautu.
Nikolai Ivanovich ta taƙaice daga taƙaice daga Amurka da Eurasia, wanda ya wadatar da ilimin duniya a duniya kuma ya kawo shi Lavra na babban matafiyi. Sakamakon balagurai shi ne mafi arziki tarin tsire-tsire na noma, wanda ya kai samfuran dubu 250 cikin shekaru 40 kuma ya zama Bankin Genene na farko na duniya.
Rayuwar sirri
Abokan aji na Vavillov a Kwalejin Noma sun yi mamakin Karatun Aikin Noma, tunda na koya game da ladabi da mai wayo da kuma kyakkyawa ga ɗalibin Katya Sakharov. Catherine 'yar' yar Siberian dan kasuwa ne, ba kyakkyawa ba ", kirtani da bushe a sadarwa. Amma Nikolai Vavilov ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da budurwa don tunaninta. Tare da Katya, ya yi magana da dukkan jigogi. Sun kusanci aiki a lardin Poltava. Aure a 1912. Babu jawabin balaguro na biki a bikin aure ya tafi game da - a cikin waɗancan shekarun, na gaba na zamani na "Vavilovsky" na Vavilovsky, aiki na biyar a cikin lokacin da aka ba da ranar inhuman - na biyar na ranar da aka ba barci.
A cikin gidan Uba a goshi na tsakiya, inda ma'auratan suka zauna, taga katangar, yana haske har safiya.
SR. Vicillov bai amince da juyin juya halin Oktoba ba kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Bulgaria a 1918. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan tashi, da tsohon dan kasuwa Ilyich Vavilai ya zama kakanin: Nikolai da Catherine da Oleg. Kakannin ya ga jikan a 1928, kafin rasuwarsa. Nikolai Ivanovich ya rinjayi mahaifinsa ya koma Rasha, kuma wani mako guda daga baya, Ivan Vavilov ya mutu.
Rayuwar rayuwar Nikolai ta Nikolai da Ekaterina Sakharov bai yi aiki ba. Bayan haihuwar Sonan, masanin kimiyya ya tafi aiki a Sambat. Katya tare da ɗan ƙaramin ɗan zauna a Moscow. Bayan shekara guda, mijin ya sami gida, kuma dangin sun hadu. Amma vavilov ya sami wata mace. Tare da Elena Barulina, masanin masanin ya sadu da balaguron. Dalibin karatun digiri ba tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ba tare da ƙaunar da farfesa ta malamin na Agonrom, man da haihuwa har shekara 8.
Nikolai Vavilov yayi kokarin ceton wani dangi: A cikin 1921, da ya koma Lingrad, ya kira matarsa da ɗansa. Amma Katarina ya ki, sanin cewa wurin a cikin zuciyar mijinta ya yi aiki. Sai matar ta zauna a Satatov, sai ta koma wurin Moscow, inda ta zauna tare da ɗansa Oleg a cikin gidan a tsakiyar goshi.
A kan Elena Barulina Nikolai Vavilov aure a 1926. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an haifi Yuri a cikin ma'aurata.
'Ya'yan Villov sun zama masu ilimin lissafi. Oleg Vavilov, kammala karatun daga Masu, ya yi aiki a matsayin masu bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje na haskoki na kayan kwalliya. A watan Disamba 1945, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ya kare maganinsa. Ya mutu a cikin 1946 a Dombay, inda ya tafi tare da gungun masu hawainiya.
Yuri Vavilov ya kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Leningrad, inda ya yi karatu a cikin kwarewar kimiyyar nukiliya - an rufe ta musamman ga 'yan "abokan gaba na mutane."
Tsaro
Hukumomin yankin a cikin 1920s, a cikin 30s Nikolai Vavilo Vavilov ji da zoben da ke kewaye da shi. Daga Cibiyar samar da amfanin gona, an fitar da abokan Vavillov mafi kusa.
A cikin 1929, an soke ayyukan injiniyoyi marasa aiki, masana kimiyya, aikin gona da masana tattalin arziki suna kiran "kwari masu dacewa" kuma an harbe su. Nikolai Vavilov ya nemi abokan aiki da yawa, wanda ikonsa bai yarda da hukumomi su dauki kansa na dogon lokaci ba.
Matsayi mai tsawo a cikin mummunan makomar na ma'aikatar da aka buga wa Trofim Lysenko. Matasa agronroma daga mutane a farkon taron jama'a na 30th wakilin Vavillov goyon baya, ko da yake ba lallai ba ne a kirga kan sakamakon da aka ci gaba da ci gaban shuka).
Matashin masanin masanin son Yusufu Stalin "Asalin mutane da alkawuran da za a samu babban hatsi na hatsi na shekara da rabi. A lokacin da, a cikin majalissar na gama kai - drummers a 1935, Trofiim Lynenenko ya ce "kwari a cikin kimiyya", Joseph Visskanvich, Joseph Visskovich, da kuma na gama gari ", Joseph Visskovich ta yi magana da wasu furofesovo, Joseph Visskovich, da kuma na gama gari", Joseph Visskovich ya amince da cewa "Bravo, Lynenko ne!".
A shekara ta 1938, Trofim Lossenko ya zama shugaban Vavillov, maye gurbin vavilov a cikin wannan post. Daga 1939, tare da tallafin Stalin, Lyneko tare da magoya bayan da aka sata kan gida, suna kiran masana'antar Bourgeois Lzhenahka.
A lokacin bazara na 1939, abokin tarayya da hannun dama na trofim Lyesenko - Ishara jama'ar Isra'ila, wanda shugaban kungiyar USSR, wanda aka shirya wa Majalisar Gobe na VII na VII. Yanzu haka aka ba da shawarar cewa Majalisa za ta zama "hanyar gwagwarmaya da kimiyyar ci gaba."
Majalisar ta VII ta faru ta zama wuri, amma ba a cikin ƙungiyar ba, amma a cikin Scotland. Nikolai Vavilo bai karɓi izini don tashi ba, kuma kujerar kujera a kan matakin ba komai.
A cikin watan Agusta 1940, Nikolai Vavilov, wanda ke cikin balaguron kimiyya a Chernovtsy, an kama shi. Binciken ya dauki watanni 11. An kira masanin kimiyya don yin tambayoyi na 400, da lokacin tambaya ya dauki nauyin awanni 1700. Binciken shi ne sandar Alexed Vrashat da Sultan albogacus. Musamman "gwada" riko da mai wuyan fuska, wanda ya fara azabtarwa azabtarwa ga Vavilov.
A cikin 2000, Daraktan Alexander Pokhkin ya ce a cikin 2000 akan abubuwan da suka faru na shekarun 1940s a cikin wasan kwaikwayo "Nikolay Vavilov". Vavilova ya taka leda Kostas Smorigas, kamar yadda Trofim Lynenko da abokan haihuwa na Ishaku da yanzu masu kallo suka ga Bogdan methav da Sergey Gazarv.
Mutuwa
Lafiya na Vavilov, azabtarwa da yunqurin, wanda ya gurbata a cikin balaguron, azabtarwa da yunwar, ya haifar da mutuwar masanin kimiyya. Jimlar mutuwa ta lalace ba ta canza komai ba zuwa ga makomar yankin wakili. A cikin gidan kurkuku, shaye shaye da dystrohhy fama da wahala Nikolai vavilai Vavilo Vavilo Vavilov ya faɗi rashin lafiya tare da kumburi na huhu. Saboda raguwa na aikin zuciya a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1943, Mutuwa ta zo.
Babban masanin kimiyyar aka binne shi a cikin kabari gama gari don fursunoni, ba a san inda aka jingina ba. A kan Kabarin tashin tashin hankali, kabari ne na mutum da kuma wani abin tunawa a Vavilov wanda aka sanya.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A farkon babban yakin kwayar cuta, wanda Vavilov ya kafa, wanda aka kafa ta Virus, da shuka kayan amfanin gona ne mallakar mafi yawan tarin tsaba a duniya. A lokacin da aka toshe, ma'aikatan cibiyoyin suna riƙe da tarin idan babu wutar lantarki da katsewa da dumama.
- A cikin hunturu, 1941-1942, ma'aikatan Cibiyar Cibiyar Mutane biyar sun mutu daga yunwar, sun ƙi yin la'akari da hannun jari na abinci. A lokacin rani, masana kimiyya sun dasa tsaba a ƙarƙashin manyan bindigogi.