Tarihi
Babban mashahurin da marubucin kuma masu karatu sun ƙaunace su da masu karanta karni na XIX daga karar farko a cikin latsa. "Iyaye" sun lura da babban halaye na gwarzo - marasa iyaka da kuma faɗar hanyar walwala.
Kozma Panc Maninsuu ne na marubucin dukkan matsayin shahararrun maganganun shahararrun kalaman da kuma aphoriisms. Lu'ulu'u waɗanda suka fito daga gashin tsuntsu da farko suna da maganar banza, amma a nan gaba, ma'ana da zurfi suna bayyane bayyane. Misali, yana da wuya a yi jayayya da gaskiyar cewa rarrabuwar mutum daga ƙasa, kuma ba a saman - abu mai ma'ana ba, saboda tallafawa biyu sun fi aminci fiye da ɗaya.
Tarihin halitta
Goat sanduna - gama ibada na marubuta da mawaƙa lokaci guda. Alexey Tolstoy, 'yan uwansa, Vlady, Alexey And Alexander Peluzhnikov, ɓoye a ƙarƙashin abin rufe fuska. An sanya wa mawakiyar Petr Mermov game da halittar tarin faxin, aphoriisms da Basen, da hoton hoton na sanduna na bin Lu'ya mai LOO.
Tarihin halittar mystrification na Rasha satar Rasha ta fara da maraice na bazara na 1851, lokacin da ƙauyen Pavlovka suka hallara a wurin wasan Alexey Tolstoy da 'yan uwan shi. Ishod da Jakadan Masara na Masara na Clocks don Pelyy da ba'a kan zamani da kuma abubuwan rayuwa.
Kowane mutum ya umurce abubuwansa: Tolstoy ya zama mai ban sha'awa ta Epistolariniko, Alexander yana da kyau don jin daɗin yin ba'a da banbanci na parody. An haife wannan ne da hasken labari prutkov "Mantawa-ni ba-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-hade" da kuma Tantatul "da sauransu. 'Yan'uwan sun kwashe hakan ne da ƙarshen bazara, ayyukan satixical satrical.
Vladimir a cikin wata wasika zuwa wani aboki da aka lura cewa an kirkiri aikin mai ban dariya a matsayin shaidar "Ferry yabon" daga wasu mutane ba su da muni. Kuma ya kuma kara da cewa:
"... Bayan dawowar mu St. Petersburg ... Tare da Graphayabi ɗan'uwan Alexei da Graphy sun zo ga tunanin da za a iya rubuta daga mutum da zai iya nau'ikan kerawa."An haifi sanduna da yawa daga baya kuma ya juya halayen riga. A tsakiyar 50s, Peter Etta ta shiga cikin marubutan, tare da Vladimir sun hadu lokacin da ya yi aiki a Tobolsk. Tare tare da Mahaliccin "Skate-Gorboon", sun nuna duniya wani ban dariya "Comle, Siren Comprenchyoly-. Wannan aikin ya zo wa mai karatu a ƙarƙashin marubucin mahaifin Kozma Prutkov. Don haka halin da aka kirkira ya karbi mai iyaka.
Sunan mai mulkin da Verkhevnikov, wanda, ya ce aka kira Kuzma. Daga baya, "u" canza zuwa "o" tare da hasken hasken Alexander. A kusan lokaci guda, sabon mazaunin littafin rubutu Olympus "ya karɓi" sana'a da matsayi, wanda aka yi aure, aka sami zuriya.
Ayyukan marubucin tarihi sun zo masu karatu a cikin 1854. A shafuffukan aikace-aikacen ga mujallar "na zamani", ɗan rubutu mai ban dariya "lokacin da aka yi jinyar kozma prutkov", kuma bayan shekaru biyar, da jama'a suka yi dariya kan halittar "Pooh da gashinsa. Don jami'an hutu Kozma Prutkov. "
Don cikar hoton, marubutan da aka buga "tunani da aphoriisms", da kuma wanecdotes "a cikin mujallar" Spark ". Kammala aikin adabi na gwarzon almara na littafin nan a cikin "HIX" kwanan nan 1863.
Duk littattafan Prurtkov zuwa juyin juya halin, kuma a cikin karni na 20, da shelves karni na 20, cikakkiyar tarin rubuce-rubucen - Prutkov. "
Tari
Tarihin rayuwar Kuzma Petrovich ya fara ko dai a cikin 1801, ko 1803 - marubutan ba su yanke hukunci ba. Amma ga ranar haihuwa, sun saita ainihin ranar - Afrilu 11. Akwai eye na gaba da Falsafer a ƙauyen lardin Tenhelian a cikin dangin matalauta a cikin dangin matalauta, amma daraja da aka mutunta su. Babban garu na tarihi na prukov ya tashi daga fyodor Fyodor KUzmich: "Duk da cewa" yare na tarihin, amma suna da mahimmanci a cikin tunani mara kyau.
A cikin zenith na ɗaukaka, jikan zai buga lu'ulu'u da girman kai game da shiga cikin wallafe-websk Operetta. Dangane da lura da awaki, an yaba da aikin da Derzhavin, Khmelnitsky har ma da Sumarratov da kansa.
Kimiyya ce ta sanyaya waƙoƙi a gida, inda firist ya yi aiki a matsayin malami. An riga an kalli karar rubutu tun da farko, saboda kimantawa a cikin wallafen Rasha an bi da "kimanta," " Ana bin hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin Aphorisms. Misali, a cikin matasa kozma fahimci gaskiya:
"Idan kuna son zama kyakkyawa, je zuwa Hussi."Saboda haka, a cikin 1820 a cikin UNCEND. Ya iya riƙe a cikin Shirshen Hussar, gwarzo ya iya zuwa shekaru biyu, amma sannan mummunan taron ya faru, wanda daga baya ya zama abin da ya shafi janar, wanda kawai aka yi mafarkin, wanda kawai sata sun kasance daga cikin tufafin.
An yi maraba da kasan Petrovich na Petersburg a cikin Ma'aikatar Kudi ta St. Petersburg a kan m ranking na majalisa, inda ya yi aikin mukamin dakin da kuma karbar umarnin St. Stanislav 1st digiri. Yana da mahimmanci a lura, nasara ya samu ba tare da mace ba, na musamman godiya ga kansa himma. Wani jami'in ɗaukaka ya juya ya zama shugaba da ya dace fiye da shi, ba manta da ambaton:
"Tunanina da rashin daidaituwa na yau da kullun, goyan baya da rashin ƙarfi, wanda aka gina na."Bayan samun kwata na ƙarni, awaki na sandunan sun yi aure taobo ga azabtar da yara, amma, shekarunsu goma kawai suka rage.
A tsakiyar karni na 20, halayyar da aka samu a wurin zama na matasa, wanda aka haɗa da lu'u-lu'u da kuma hoto mai hoto Tolstoy. Har zuwa wannan batun, sandunan ba su ma yi tunani game da ayyukan ɗan rubutu ba, amma comrades ya tabbatar da wani sabon aboki a cikin iyawar marubuci. Fentin da irin wannan tallafin, Kozma ya rubuta wasa mai ban dariya "fantasy". Aikin ko da sanya a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Alexandria, amma nan da nan ya fada cikin opal a cikin hukumomi kuma an haramta shi.
Sannan sabon marubucin ya fara rubuta bulen Bassen, kuma a shekara guda, a shekara ta je da tarin ayyuka tare da hoton nasa, amma karbar sa ido da aka saka sanduna a cikin ƙafafun. Koyaya, marubucin mai wayo tare da jin daɗin da aka buga satires.
Na yi shekaru 60 da haihuwa. A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1863, zuciyar babban marubucin ya tsaya yayin aiki a ayoyi masu zuwa.
Bayani da Aphorisms
Ruwan gwal mai kyau shine mallakar nau'ikan rubutu na rubutu. A kaifi alkalami ba ya tsoron lyrics da comedies, grams da tatsuniya, eppigramams da ruwa ruwa. Kuma wane irin rigi ga marubuci ya bayyana a cikin Jaridar Journia! Haɓaka ya gabatar da duniyar fenti aphoriisms, kuma kwatancen ya zama jumla:Muna rayuwa, shekaru masu koyo. "Kwai ba sa neman sau biyu. Idan kuna da maɓuɓɓugar, rufe shi; Ba da hutawa da maɓuɓɓugai. Lib! Zamaki a cikin tushen! Me wasu suke faɗi game da kai, idan kana son yin farin ciki. Idan kana son yin nishaɗin, Matsi idanunku, da ku gabas ganin mayafan a ciki. Idan an tambaye ku: Mene ne mafi amfani, rana ko wata? - Gano: watan. Gama rana tana haskakawa a rana lokacin da ba ta da haske. Kuma watan da dare yake. Inda farkon farkon ya ƙare farkon? Mafi kyawu cewa babu kaɗan, amma mutum yayi ƙaunar da taga. Ga mutum ɗaya, yana da so - ya jure wa wani Tokmo a kan mazaje. Yana da wuya a gama: a) don cin abinci mai kyau; b) magana da wani aboki dawo da kamfen da C) don karce inda yake.Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- An yi alama da abin da ke cikin Kozma Prutkova alama a cikin Monuments. Jagorar tarkace marubucin marubucin almara na almara na kamfani Chumbarova-Lucinsky a cikin Arkhangelsk. Tabbas, an sanya sluler "na gida" - PRUTKOV - an sanya ta a kan ƙauyen ƙauyen Vidaze (yanki lipetk). A cikin kusancin wannan sasantawa yana cikin ƙasa inda "iyayen sa suka taru. Kuma girman gidan kayan tarihin a Brrysk shine "zauren Prutkovsky", wanda baƙi suka saba da halittar marubucin Bass da kuma wasa.
- Stoma kuma bai wuce ta hanyar rubutu ba. Daga kalmar game da maɓuɓɓugar kozma prutkova ya fara wasan kwaikwayo mai ban dariya "(1988) Daraktan Yuri nawa.
- A karshen shekarar 90s na karni na karshe, an gudanar da bikin Prurtkov na farko, wanda ya fara zage bikin zagaye da dariya. Labarin abubuwan da suka faru, ba shakka, aro daga wurin marubuci: "Kallon duniya, ba shi yiwuwa in kada su yi mamaki."
- A cikin girmamawa ga shekaru 200 na hali na hali, wani fifikon parodirs "jefa kozma" ya bayyana.
- Tun daga 2004, cikakken tarin labarai suna jiran mai karatu a shafin da aka kirkira musamman, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga afuwa.