Tarihi
Akwai ayyukan rubutu wanda ke nuna ruhun lokaci mafi kyau fiye da tarihin rubutu na tarihi. A cikin irin wannan jerin, zaku iya sa "Jane Air" Charlotte ya san "Miguely" na Leo Tolstoy kuma, waɗanda galibi ana kiran su ", waɗanda galibi ana kiranta Alkawarin daga Goethe.
Tabbas, wannan mummunan bala'in da Gothic ya sami taron magoya bayan duniya, kuma sunayen jarumai sun zama wanda aka zaɓa. A Rasha, fassarar aikin da aka yare, wanda aka kirkiro kusan shekara 60, an sanya shi a cikin Boris, Valery Bryusovky da sauran wakilai na adpar arya.
Bugu da kari, bala'i ne wani littafi ne da ya fi so ta Mikhail Bulgakov, wanda ya aro wani makircin nontrivial don ƙirƙirar "Master da Margarita". Kodayake marubucin "kare na kare" ya yi amfani da cewa Voland bashi da Prototypes, masu bincike sun yarda cewa Shaiɗan koyaushe yana son mugunta "- Mephistofel.
Tarihin halitta
Babban wajibin Jamus Jamus Johann Wolfgang Goethe Seethe Samu Cowy Halin Rayuwarsa Romanticism.
Wannan aikin, wanda ya kawo daraja Goethe Lavra girmamawa, marubucin har yanzu ya cika shekara ta 22, kuma ya sauya daga gare shi kafin mutuwa kanta. Tabbas, marubucin yana da sauran kyawawan ayyukan da suka yi kayan adanawa, amma shine "Fust" wanda ya zama saman wakokin Jamusawa.
Wizard ya yi wahayi da shi ne da farilla na dā, A cewar almara, Faust yana da Prototype, wanda ya rayu a farkon rabin karni na 16. Real Johan Georg Faust shine mai zargin likita da kuma garga, wanda tarihin rayuwar shi ya zama babban batun ƙonewa don rubuce-rubucen rubutu.
Sabili da haka, Goethe ba mai sabon abu bane kwata-kwata, saboda aikin da ake kira Lutoci game da likita Johanne Fauste, sanannen sanannen "ya dawo cikin 1587. Bugu da kari, Yakubu Michael Lenz, Friedrich Diimilian Klinger da sauran marubutan, da kuma misalai na tunani suna amfani da wannan gwarzo don pantomim da kuma 'yar karfafawa sau da yawa ana amfani dasu.
A cewar almara, matasa fa ya karbi digiri na farko a tauhidin, sannan ya fara nazarin "sihiri mai sihiri" a cikin jami'ar Krakiw. Bayan an fahimci Johan "" Aza Kiyaye ", ya tafi Yamma a duniya, inda ya ba da kansa ga mai sihiri a gaban jama'a da ya firgita ya ce ya sami damar ƙirƙirar abubuwan al'ajabi na Yesu Kiristi, kuma Game da dawo da ayyukan tunanin nasa na ayyukan da aka gabata na zamanin da, plato ko Aristotle.
Yana da matukar dabi'a cewa hukumomin ba su son kasada na Johann, wanda ya jagoranci masu wucewa kowane kerse. Saboda haka, ba da daɗewa ba, an aika da Faust daga kan layi, sannan kuma manyan hukumomi, shugabannin "babban Sadomit da Necroman zuwa ga Likita. Goethe ba zai iya taimakawa ba amma ya ƙarfafa irin wannan yanayin launuka, amma a kan shafukan da ake kira babban halayyar Henry, kuma ba sunan nasa nasa ba.
A lokacin daga 1774 zuwa 1775, Goethe ya rubuta aikin "Prafaust", wanda ke wakiltar masu karatu na babban kalubale, wanda ke son fahimtar gaisuwar sararin samaniya. A cikin 1790, da masu tsara littafin sun ga "Fausta", kuma ɓangaren farko an buga shi ne kawai a cikin 1808. Na farko na bala'in yana sanadin yanayin da kuma wadatar zabin gaskiya, yayin da abun da ke tattare da na biyu.
A karo na biyu na bala'in, sai Gethe ya fara shekaru 17 bayan haka. Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa yana da wuya a iya fahimtar mai karanta marubutan ba wai kawai ga masaniyar makoki ba, amma ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, ƙungiyoyi masu lalacewa, ƙungiyoyi masu lalacewa, ƙungiyoyi masu rarrafe. Mawakan yana nuna "masu sauraro" rayuwar Al'urwarin zamani. Don haka, mai mallakar littafin yana jin haɗin haɗi tsakanin yanzu da abubuwan da suka gabata.
Enena exisode, wanda ke tunanin baya a cikin 1799, ya kammala ta hanyar aya a cikin 1826, kuma bayan shekara huɗu, Goethe ya zauna don rubuta "na gargajiya Walpurgian da dare. A tsakiyar bazara na 1831, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwar tasa, marubucin ya cika aikin asali. Bayan haka, da ba a kula da ilimin baiwa ba ne a cikin ambulaf, ya baci don buga hasken a cikin 1832, a cikin Tome na "ayyukan".
Hoto da shirya
Tarihin rayuwar almara na almara wanda ya rufe ta hanyar Halo na sirri. An san cewa rayuwarsa gaba ɗaya zata nema. Mahaifin babban hali shine likita wanda ya bar Siblos zuwa ƙaunar da ake ciki don kimiyya.
Duk da abubuwan warkarwa, da iyaye na Faust ba zai iya ceci dukkan marasa lafiya ba. A lokacin annobar, dubunnan marasa lafiya suka mutu kowace rana. Sai kãwã ga salla, sai Allah Ya shafe mutuwarsa. Amma tunda saurayin bai jira taimako ba, ya ƙi addini kuma ya fara nutse cikin kimiyya. Idan ka kalli ɗakin aiki na Faus, zaka iya lura da fitilar, fitilun gilashi, bututun gwaji, littattafai da magunguna.
Tare da FAIST, marubucin ya gabatar da masu karatu a kan shafukan farko na aikin. Goethe nan da nan ya nutse cikin masu karatu a cikin falsafa, cikin jayayya game da ƙimar ɗan adam da kuma la'akari da matsalolin "sama, ƙasa da wuta". A cikin Farkon Farkon, Malaman Adalai, Mephistofel kuma Allah ya bayyana. Tattaunawa tana haifar da wakilan halaye daban-daban na nagarta da mugunta, wanda aka ambaci sunan Faust ya fara farko.
Shugabannin sama suna tabbatar da shuka cewa likita bawa ne mai aminci, da Mephistofel sanar da rikicewar yanayin gwarzo, ya ba shi irin halayyar:
"Kuma ya hau zuwa yaƙi, kuma yana son yin cikas, yana ganin maƙasudin, masoyi, da bukatar daga sararin taurari da kyakkyawar nishaɗi - a duniya."Sa'an nan Allah ya ba ni damar jarabawar jarabawar jarabawar, ya gaskanta cewa bautar wani saurayi zai fito da shi daga abin da ya kashe. Abin lura ne cewa wiski ya gana da likita lokacin da ya riga ya wuce hanyarsa mai wahala.
Miyar da ruhun ya zo ƙauyen ne idan ya yi tunanin kashe kansa, saboda abin da ya ji dadin abin da ya yi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Menestofel, kamar haka, ba kome ba ne mai kama da layin da ba a sani ba na almara. Misali, a cikin aikin Nikolai Gogol "dare kafin Kirsimeti", mai zumunta da kofofin Jahannama ba su da tsabtatawa kuma baya da alama ga masu karatu ne na mugunta.
Mehistofel, wanda ke son fita daga cikin wanda ya yi nasara, ya hau murabba'i ga mummunan aiki, amma ba zato ba tsammani a babban halin a cikin "lokutan gwaji" bude bangarorin ". Abu na farko da muhawara ke bayarwa sabon masoya ita ce zuwa kabarin na gida don idin bukukuwan. Iblis yana fatan wannan murjji zai riƙe lokacinsa a kamfanin da ya sha, kuma zai kula da bincikensa, amma wannan gwarzo ba ya da sauƙin karya, saboda wannan gwarzo ba ya karban al'ummar Fans.
Bayan haka, tare da taimakon maita na maita, Shaidan ya dawo da tunani ga matasa a cikin fatan cewa mai neman mai daukar hoto yana ba da kulawa da ji soyayyar soyayya. Tabbas, likita ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da kyakkyawa na Margarita, amma a nan Mehistofel ya sha wahala, saboda wannan sha'awar masanin masanin kimiyya ne.
Garkuwa
Bala'in game da gwagwarmaya mai kyau da mugunta ya zama wani jigogi da aka fi so, don haka Kinomans ya ga nesa nesa ɗaya daga cikin kariya daga sanannen sanannen "telust". Mun lissafa mafi mashahuri daga gare su.
FAISUS (1926)
Daraktan fim din Jamus Friedrich Wilhelm Murenau ya hure da labarin Jamus kuma an gabatar da shi ga jama'a guda shiru fim. A makircin fim ba ya banbanta da na asali ba da isasshen asali: Malasel Mikhail da Shaidan, zai iya yin fahariya, batun wanda shine sanannen abin da ke sanannen murhun Alchemist.
Abin lura ne cewa fim ɗin yana ba da izini ba kawai akan aikin Goethe kawai ba, har ma akan ƙirƙirar wani marubuci, mawaki Marassaika Marlo. Babban aikin ya je harkokin yasyi ga dattijon dattijan (Fusius) da Yannings (mephistofel).
"Kyawun Shaidan" (1950)
Faransanci na Faransa ya cire fim bisa bala'i Goethe, yana samar da ainihin tsarin fassara kyauta. Hoton ya gaya yadda yaudarar Mehistofel ya ba da Faust Farfesa don samun matasa da kyakkyawa, kuma ya yarda ba tare da tunani ba. Yanzu babban burin Mikopist zai samu da sauri cewa mai haƙuri.
Michel Simon, Gerard Phili, Peolo Dakcikin, Gaston Moda da wasu sun shiga cikin miyagun aiki.
FAIST (2011)
Daraktan Rasha Sokurov kuma bai yi ba a bayan halartar kuma buga da masoya da masu son sa da kyautar zaki a kan bikin zaki na 68th Specian.
Kwalumin yana ɗauka a kusa da ɓangaren farko na aikin mawaƙa, kuma masu sauraro suna jin daɗin layin ƙauna tsakanin Faust da Margarita. Alexander Sokurov ya yarda a gwada kan abubuwan da za a iya tunawa da waɗannan 'yan wasan a matsayin Johanssker, Anoolda Duhahuk da Hannah Shigullah.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A cikin 2014, an fara jerin talabijin "Alchemik akan talabijin. Faust Elixir, "Inda babban aikin ya samu Igor Petrenko, Svetlana Ivanova, Viktor Rakov da Yevgery Dobrovolskaya. Duk da sunan mai ban sha'awa, fim ɗin da yawa yana da nassoshi da aikin Goethe kawai, saboda hoton ya gaya game da al'adun mulmists wanda ke neman sanin gaskiya.
- Goethe sanya a murfin fitowar littafin Rembandt, wanda ake kira "Alchemist a cikin kansa a cikin majalisar." Amma a karni na 18, an canza sunan zane don murjama.
- Aproser na Faransa Charles Guno ya kirkiri Opera "murabba'i" tare da Libretto tare da Jul Barbier da Michele Carre.
- Bala'in ya gabatar da nau'ikan masana kimiyya guda biyu: FAIjƙafi, wanda ya nemi sanin gaskiya, dangane da yanayin rayuwar kansa da sirrin rayuwa da asirin yanayi da kuma asirin yanayi da kuma asalin halitta na iya buɗe ayyukan kimiyya kawai. na magabata.
Faɗa
"Ta hanyar yarda, yarda da shawarar,Aƙalla farashin lalacewa. "" A cikin abin da aka sani, babu fa'ida
Wanda ba a sani ba. "" Amma kuma, wani rabo, da kuma ragewa,
Kuma lethargy a cikin tunani, da tawagar.
Sau nawa wannan rikici
Bayan faduwa ya zo! "Ka bar duk lokacin
Barka da dutse da dutsen mai farin ciki.
A cikin tsananin girman yana ƙaruwa
Kai mutum. "" Koyi da gaskiya ga nasara
Kuma jawo hankalin godiya ga tunani.
Da fashi da robobi, crap kamar ECHO,
Karya ne kuma kowa ba ya bukatar. "