Tarihi
Gregory Melekhov - Cibiyar Tsakiya na littafin littafin "Gyara Don", ba tare da barin wurin da ake musanya ba. A cikin mahallin abubuwan da suka faru, Mikhail Sholokhov ya nuna m rabo na mafi wuya na don Cossack, wanda zai iya son ƙauna da yaƙi.Tarihin halitta
Tunanin sabon labari, Mikhail Sholokhov bai ɗauka cewa aikin ba zai faɗi cikin Epeopeus ba. Duk ya fara ba da laifi. A tsakiyar kaka na 1925, marubucin ya fara da farko na "bayar da gudummawa" don haka an kira shi da aikin da marubucin yake so ya nuna rayuwar da ke so don nuna rayuwar da ke so don nuna rayuwar da ke cikin Juyin Juya Halin. Tun daga farko, Cossacks ya ci gaba da kai wa sojojin Cornillov a kan Perrograd. Nan da nan marubucin ya dakatar da ra'ayin cewa masu karanta masu karatu ba su fahimci dalilin kawar da juyin juya halin da ke cikin barin kusurwa zuwa kusurwa mai nisa ba.
A shekara guda daga baya, shirin gaba daya cikakke: A Roman Mikhail Alexandrovich yana so ya nuna rayuwar mutane a duk faɗin al'amuran tarihi da suka faru a lokacin daga 1914 zuwa 1921. Masarautar Tricarfafa na manyan haruffa, ciki har da Grigoria Melekhov, kuma don wannan ya kusanci kwastomomin da ke cikin gidajen Cossack. Marubucin "shuru Don" koma zuwa ga asalinsu, a ƙauyen Vishinevskaya, inda ya shiga cikin rayuwar "bayar da gudummawa".
A cikin binciken haruffa masu haske da yanayi na musamman, wanda ya zauna a kan shafukan yakin, da marubutan juyin juya hali, sun haɗu da wani Mossic, iyarwa da abubuwa na almara na gida Mazauna, kazalika da hadari Moscow da Rostov Archives a cikin neman gaskiya game da rayuwar wadanda dick shekaru.
A ƙarshe, na farko girma "shuru donta" ya ga haske. Ya bayyana sojojin Rasha a gaban yakin. Littafi na biyu ya kara da juyin mulkin na Fabrairu da juyin juya halin Oktoba, Echook wanda aka iso su. Sai kawai a farkon sassan litattafan littafin Sholokhov an sanya wasu daruruwan daruruwan jarumawa, a nan gaba da suka shiga cikin haruffa 70. Gabaɗaya, an shimfiɗa EPIC zuwa kunshe huɗu, an gama wannan ƙarshen a cikin 1940.
An buga aikin a cikin littattafan "Oktoba", "Sabuwar World" da kuma "Izvestia", cikin sauri ya sami amincewa daga masu karatu. Sun sayi mujallu, sayi editocin tare da sake dubawa, da marubucin - haruffa. Jami'in gwarzo tatsuniyoyin Soviet sun tsufa a matsayin tashin hankali na mutum. Daga cikin dabbobi, ba shakka, Gregory Melekhov yayi magana.
Abin sha'awa, a farkon zane-zane Gregory ba ya nan, amma na hadu da wani hali tare da wannan sunan a farkon labarun marubucin "mazaunin" "shiru don". ProotType na masu binciken Melekhov na kerawa na kerawa suna la'akari da Cossack Harlapova Ermakov, an yanke masa hukunci a karshen 20s zuwa harbi. Marubucin kansa ba a san shi ba yayin da wannan mutumin ya zama jigon littafin. A halin yanzu, Mikhail Alexandrovich yayin tarin tushen tarihi na littafin littafin haduwa da haduwa ermakov har ma ya jagoranci wasika tare da shi.
Tari
Ana saita littafin littafin duk na tarihin rayuwar Grigory Melekhov kafin yaƙin da bayan. Don Cossack da aka haife shi a shekara ta 1892 a kantin Tatar (Veens Veshinskaya), yayin da ainihin ranar haihuwa ba ta nuna marubuci ba. Mahaifinsa na Panstels na Melekhov sau ɗaya hered a matsayin yaduwa a cikin tafkin tsaro na Atami na Atami, amma a zamanin da ya yi ritaya. Rayuwar wani saurayi har zuwa lokacin wucewa, a cikin al'adun gargajiya: pouch, kamun kifi, kula da tattalin arzikin. A dare - tarurruka na yau da kullun tare da Maysigirin Astakhova, wata uwar aure, amma son ƙauna tare da saurayi.
Mahaifinsa da aka gamsu da wannan abin da aka makala da kuma m aure dansa a kan wata yarinya mai ƙauna - Meek Natalia Korshova. Koyaya, bikin aure bai magance matsalar ba. Gregory ta fahimci cewa ba su iya mantawa a cikin Axinha ba, saboda haka yana jefa ma'aurata halal kuma ya zauna tare da murƙushewar kwanon rufi. Ranar bazara na 1913 na Melekhov ya zama tsohonsa - na farko ya bayyana a duniya. Farin cikin ma'aurata ya juya ya zama ɗan gajeren: Rayuwa ta lalata yakin duniya na farko, da ake kira Gregory don bayar da wajan bayar da wajansa.
Melekhov ya yi yaƙi da yaƙi da rashin ƙarfi, a cikin yaƙin ya rauni a cikin ido. Don ƙarfin ƙarfin Jarumi, Georgivsky gicciye kuma karuwa a cikin daraja da aka lura, kuma a nan gaba, za a kara da mizanai guda uku zuwa ga masu bayar da kyautar. Ta hanyar ra'ayoyin siyasa na gwarzo. Wane masoya a asibiti tare da Bolshevik mai rauni, wanda ya yarda da shi cikin zalunci na sarauta.
A halin yanzu, Gregory Melekhova yana jiran aiki - Akinha ya kashe ba makoki (mutuwar kadan), yana ba da shi zuwa ga shugaban 'yar {accamal of Estate na Libatsky. Mijinta na farar hula wanda ya zo a karon farko ba a gafarta cin amana ba kuma ya koma ga matar shari'a, wanda daga baya ya haife shi yara biyu.
A cikin yakin basasa, Gregory ya tashi zuwa gefen "ja". Amma ta 1918, abin baƙin ciki ne a cikin Bolsheviks kuma ya shiga cikin sahun waɗanda suka jagoranci tawaye game da Red Arewa akan Don, ya zama kwamandan rarrabuwa. Har ma da fushin da ya fi girma ga bolsheviks a cikin ran gwarzon dan uwan man dabbobi, mai tallafawa maƙasudi na Soviet na Mishk koshivoy.
A kan soyayya gaban, kuma, suna tafasa so - grigor ba zai sami zaman lafiya da zahiri tsakanin matan su ba. Saboda har yanzu yana jin daɗin rayuwa a Axier Melekhov ya kasa yin rayuwa cikin salama a cikin iyali. Maƙarin mijinta na dindindin ya tura Natalia zuwa zubar da ciki, wanne yana sake fashi. Mutuwar mace mutum ne mai wahala, bayan duk, ga ma'aurata, sun kuma ban da baya, amma mai ladabi.
A m daga cikin Red Army akan sojojin Cossacks Melekhov don zuwa gudu a cikin Novorasisk. A nan, an kori gwarzo a cikin wani ƙarshen ƙarshen ya shiga cikin Bolsheviks. 1920 aka yiwa alama ta dawowar a cikin mahaifarsa, inda ya zauna tare da 'ya'yan Akdinyi. Sabuwar gwamnatin ta fara tsananta da tsohon "farare", kuma yayin tserewa zuwa Kuban don "rayar da kwanciyar hankali" Akinhu ta rauni rauni. Sreeting kadan a cikin duniya, ƙafitrior ya koma zuwa ga asalinsu, saboda sabbin hukumomin sun yi wa 'yar wariyar' yan tawayen.
Mikhail Sholokhov ya sanya wani matsayi a cikin ruwayar a cikin mafi ban sha'awa, kuma ba a taɓa karanta masu karatu game da ƙarin rabo daga Melekhov. Koyaya, ba shi da wahala ɗauka cewa ya faru gare shi. Masana tarihi suna kiran masu sha'awar kirkirar marubucin don la'akari da mutuwar yanayin ƙaunarsa ta harbi - 1927.
Kamanni
Canjin haɗari da canje-canje na ciki Gregoror Melekhova sun kira ta hanyar bayyanar bayyanar sa. Cikin soyayya tare da saurayinta na kulawa A ƙarshen maganar labari ya juya zuwa wani mummunan jarumi tare da launin toka da kuma zuciya mai ɗorewa:
"... Na san cewa ba zan ƙara yin masa dariya kamar yadda yake ba; Ya san cewa idanunsa suna pounding kuma suna da m steekbones, kuma a cikin ta, yana ƙara haskaka haske mara ma'ana. "Gregory shine kamoran kamshi: mai zafin rai, mai zafi mai zafi da rashin daidaituwa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ƙaunar soyayya da kuma dangantakar da ke da muhalli gaba daya. Halin babban gwarzon kai na "shiru donsa" wani yaro ne na ƙarfin hali, jaruntaka da kaskantar da kai, ƙiyayya da kuma mugunta, ƙiyayya da marasa laifi.
Sholokhov ya kirkiro gwarzo tare da bude ido wanda zai iya jin tausayinsa, gafara da bil'una: Grigory yana fama da wani ɗan wasa na Cossan, abokin gabansa, matar miji
A Neman gaskiyar Melekhov, ja zuwa Whites ya tsage zuwa fari, sakamakon haka, ya zama mai bincike, wanda baya ɗaukar gefe ɗaya. Wani mutum ya bayyana ainihin jaruma na lokacinsa. Bala'in nasa ya ta'allaka ne game da labarin kanta, idan kwantar da hankula rayuwa ta ketare firgita, juya ma'aikatan lorkallahu a cikin mutane marasa gali. Binciken ruhaniya na halayen daidai ya mika kalmar Roman:
"Ya tsaya a kan gab da gwagwarmaya na biyu ya fara, ya musanta duka biyun."Dukkanin rashin lafiya aka lalata a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na yakin basasa: fushi ga bolsheviks da rashin jin daɗi a cikin "White" ta sa gwarzo a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci, amma ya fahimci cewa a cikin "Sannu ba zai iya tambaya ba." Da zarar ƙaunar rayuwa ce mai son sha'awa, Grigory Melekhov ba ya samun imani da kansa, ya rage a lokaci guda halin mutane da kuma mutum mai yawa a cikin kafa madafan kasar.
Flaxation na littafin "Silent Don"
Mikhail Sholokhov ya bayyana sau hudu a allon fim. A cewar littattafai biyu na farko a cikin 1931, an cire fim mai girma na bebe, inda Andrei Cesekhov) da Emma Cesigan (Akinha). Akwai jita-jita cewa marubucin ya kirkiro da ci gaba da "shiru don" ga haruffan gwarzo na wannan saitin.
An gabatar da hoton sokin aikin ga mai kallo na Soviet a Daraktan 1958 Sergei Gerasimov. Rabin da ke cikin ƙasa ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da gwarzo da Peter Glebova ya yi. Kyakkyawan Handure Cossack Soyayya tare da Elina Bystritsky, wanda mai tabbatar da bayyana ya bayyana a cikin rawar da ake amfani da shi. Wife Melekhova Natalia takait Zinia Kiriyenko. Kyautar fim ta fim ta kunshi bakwai na samar da bakwai, har da difloma na kundin adireshin Amurka Guild.
Wani hoton da yawa na labari ne na Sergey Bonchukuk. A kan fim "shuru don" 2006, Rasha, United Kingdom da Italiya yi aiki. Babban rawar cikin Rapert Everetta, da hotunan mata na mata sun sanya Dolphin daji (Akinha) da Alena Bondearchuk (natalia).
Kuma a ƙarshe, rabo na ƙarshe na don Cossack ya mallaki Sergey Ursulak. An nuna jerin "shuru don" tashar Rasha - 1 a ƙarshen kaka 2015. Daraktan da ya shafi fim na matasa 'yan wasan matasa: Braliant Tkacuk, Cherina Chernyshiv, Chernyshiv da Daria Ursulak.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Don "shuru don", Mikhail sholokhov ne ake zargi da karkatarwa. "Mafi mahimmancin" masu binciken "Gremest" da aka duba sata daga fararen jami'in da ya mutu a cikin yakin basasa. Marubucin ma ya zama dole ya jinkirta aikin akan rubuta ci gaba da labari yayin da aka bincika hukumar ta musamman ta hanyar bayanin da aka karɓa. Koyaya, batun marubucin bai warware ba tukuna.
A Novice Actor na karamin gidan wasan kwaikwayo Andrei apricot bayan "shiru don" farka sanannen. Abin lura ne cewa kafin wannan, a cikin haikalin Melpomen, bai taɓa zuwa wurin ba - kawai ba su ba da matsayi ba. Tare da aikin, mutumin kuma bai dame shi ba don haduwa, karanta Nassi lokacin da ake jarrabawar harbi.