Tari
Rayuwar Nikolai Vasilyvich Gogol tana da yawa da yawa da kuma kayan kimiyya na tarihi har yanzu suna bincika finafinan da ke ba da fina-finai da ke ba da fina-finai da ke ba da fina-finai da ke ba da fina-finai da ke faɗi game da sirrin ƙarar. Sha'awa cikin wasan kwaikwayo ba ya furs fiye da shekara ɗari biyu ba kawai saboda Lyrol-Epic yana aiki ba, har ma saboda Gogol yana ɗaya daga cikin misalin misalin littattafan Rasha na ƙarni na 19.Yaro da matasa
Har wa yau ba a san shi ba lokacin da Nikolai Vasilliich an haife shi. Wasu tarihin sun yi imanin cewa an haifi Gogol ranar Maris 20, wasu suna da tabbacin cewa ranar gaskiya ta marubucin ita ce 1 ga Afrilu 1, 1809.
Yaro na Jagora na Fyshymagoria ya wuce cikin Ukraine, a cikin ƙauyen ƙauyen Sorochintsy Lardin lardin. Ya girma a cikin babban iyali - ban da shi, wasu yara 5 da aka haife su a cikin gidan (wasu daga cikinsu sun mutu a cikin jariri).
Babban marubucin yana da mai ban sha'awa na mai ban sha'awa, hawa zuwa daular Cossack Gogol-Yanovsky. A cewar almara na iyali, kakan Athanasius Demyanovich Yanovicy ya kara wa mahaifi na biyu don tabbatar da shaidar jinin da ya tabbatar da cewa Cossack hetman Ostp gogman, wanda ya rayu a karni na 17.
Mahaifin marubuci, Vasily Afinasyevich, ya yi aiki a lardin Malorassishsk a kan ofishin gidan waya, daga inda ya yi ritaya a 1805 a cikin matsayin mai tantancewa na kwaleji. Daga baya, Gogol-Yanovsky ya yi ritaya zuwa ƙasa VasilyEvka (Yanovschina) kuma ya fara shiga cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Afasilly afilich ya yi hutun mawa, marubuci da kuma playwright: yana da mallakar gidan wasan kwaikwayon gidan Serchinsky, kuma an yi shi a kan matakin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.
Don samarwa, ya rubuta wasa mai ban dariya dangane da ballad na mutanen Ukrainian da almara. Amma aikin daya ne kawai na Goog-SR. - "Felefiach, ko kuma zamba na wani soja" ya kai ga masu karatu zamani. Daga mahaifin Nikolai Vasilliich wanda ya dauki ƙaunar zane-zane na rubutu da kuma baiwa ta kirkirar: An san cewa Gogol Jr. tun daga yara ya fara aiki don rubuce-rubucen. Har abada Afinasyevich ya mutu lokacin da Nicholas ya kasance shekara 15.
Mahaifin marubuci, Mariya Ivanovna, nee kosyarovskaya, a cewar labaran zamani, suna da kyau kuma an dauki shi da farko da kyau a ƙauyen. Duk wadanda suka san ta sun ce ita wani mutum ne na addini da kuma shiga ilimin yara na ruhaniya. Koyaya, koyarwar Gogol-Yanovsky an rage zuwa ga ayyukan da Kirista ke yi da addu'o'i, amma ga annabce-annabce game da mummunan kotun.
An san cewa yarinyar ƙungiyar tapsovsky tayi aure lokacin da ta kasance shekara 14. Nikolay Vasilyevich ya kusan kusanci ga mahaifiyarsa har ma an nemi shawara game da rubutunsa. Wasu marubutan sun yi imanin cewa godiya ga Maryamu Ivanovna, ana ba da kyakkyawan ilimin Gogol da kyawawan abubuwa.
Yaren da yara da matasa Nikolai Vasilyvich sun faru da rayuwar ban tsoro da rawar jiki kuma suna ba da siffofin kayan aikin Meshchanchi wanda aka bayyana a cikin ayyukansa.
A lokacin da Nicholas yana da shekara goma, an aiko shi zuwa Poltavava, inda ya koyi kimiyya a makarantar, sannan ya yi nazarin wata karatu a cikin malamin Gabriel Sorochins. Bayan horar da gargajiya, saurayi dan shekaru 16 dan shekara ya zama ɗalibi a cikin Gymnasium mafi girma a cikin birnin Nezhin na yankin Nezhin na yankin Cherhiv. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa makomar gargajiya na wallafe-wallafen ba shi da ƙarfi, har yanzu ba shi da ƙarfi a cikin karatunsa, duk da cewa yana da ƙwaƙwalwar asali. Tare da ainihin kimiyyar Nicholas, ba a cajin dangantakar ba, amma ya yi nasara a cikin wallafe-wallafe da adabi da adabi.
Wadansu masu binciken keyi suna jayayya cewa dakin motsa jiki da kanta shine laifin irin wannan ilimin rashin ilimi, maimakon saurayi. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin waɗancan shekarun, masu rauni malamai sunyi aiki a cikin Goma Nezhinsky Gymentium, wanda ba zai iya shirya zurfin koyo ga ɗalibai ba. Misali, ilimi a cikin darussan ilimin halayyar da ba ya gabatar da ta hanyar koyarwar falsafar falsafar da lokaci, wanda malamin ya fis din Classics na karni na 18.
A lokacin karatunsa, Gogol, samarwa da kuma abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da aka tabbatar da kuma abubuwan da aka kirkira. Daga cikin Comarrades, Nikolai Vasilliich tare da wani Perky mutum. Marubucin ya yi magana da Nikolai Prokavich, Alexander Danileky, Nestor Dollhouse da sauransu.
Litattafai
Gogol ya fara sha'awar bayyanar marubucin a cikin shekaru daliban. Ya yaba da A.s. Singin, ko da yake abin da halittun farko na farko sun yi nesa da tsarin babbar mama, kuma mafi ci gaba da tafiya ayyukan BesTumev Marlinsky.
Ya ƙunshi ƙuria mai ƙarfi, faken, waƙoƙi, ya gwada kansa a cikin litattafai da wasu nau'ikan rubutu. A yayin karatun sa, Satira "wani abu ne game da ba mazaunin, ko wawaye ba su rubuta doka ba", wanda bai kai wa wannan ranar ba. Abin lura ne cewa saurayin ya fara da saurayi a matsayin abin sha'awa, kuma ba batun rayuwa bane.
Rubutun ya kasance don Gogol, "hasken haske a cikin Mulkin Duhun" kuma ya taimaka karkatar da nutsuwa daga azaba ta ruhaniya. Sannan tsare-tsaren Nikolai Vasilaivich ba su bayyana ba, amma ya so ya bauta wa jama'arsa kuma ya yi imani da cewa yana jiran kyakkyawar makoma.
A cikin hunturu na 1828, Gogol yana zuwa wurin babban birnin kasar - Petersburg. A cikin sanyi da kuma baƙin ciki gari na Nikolai Vasilliich yana jiran rashin jin daɗi. Ya yi kokarin zama wani jami'i, kuma ya kuma yi kokarin shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, amma duk kokarin da aka ci. Sai kawai a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ya sami damar samun damar don samun kuɗi da magana kai.
Amma a cikin marubucin Nikolai Vasilyvich, Ina jiran mujallolin, tunda wajan wakar "Gagawa Küllgaren", an buga shi a karkashin batun magana da Alov. "Idylli a cikin zane-zane" sun sami adadin mara kyau da kuma sakaci na masu sukar. Bayan shan kashi, Gogol ya rasa duk littattafan waka da ƙone su a dakinta. Nikolai Vasilyevich bai ki adalai ba, koda bayan gazawa, gazawa tare da Ganz Kyhehelgarton ya ba shi damar canza nau'in.
A cikin 1830, labarin da ke ciki na Gogol "Mata da maraice Ivan Kupala" an buga shi a cikin san mujallar "bayanin kula".
Daga baya, marubucin ya gana da Baron Delvig kuma ya fara bugawa a cikin littattafan sa "Layineti jaridar" da "furanni na Arewa".
Bayan nasarar kirkirar Gogol, an maraba masa a da'irar rubutu. Ya fara sadarwa da turawa da zhukovsky. Yana aiki "maraice a kan gona kusa da Dikanka", "Dare kafin Kirsimeti", "da rana yana da hurawa na Ukrainian, ya zama sananne game da mawaƙin Rasha.
Yana cewa Alexander Sergeyevic ya ba Nikolai Vasilliich ga Nikolai Vasilliich ga sababbin ayyuka. Ya ba da shawarar ra'ayoyin na makirci na waka "rayukan" (1842) da mai taken "mai duba" mai taken "mai taken" mai taken "(1836). Koyaya, P.V. Anannenkov ya yi imanin cewa cheakin "ba a ma yi masa yadda ya g himensa ba."
Nikolai Vasilyevich wanda ya kasance mai son sani game da tarihin "" Mawallafin "tarin, wanda ya hada da ayyuka da yawa, gami da Taraas Bulba. Gogol a cikin haruffa zuwa Uwar Maria Ivanoovna ta nemi cewa ya gaya wa rayuwar mutane a cikin koma baya.
A cikin 1835, ya fito da labarin Gogol "viy" (wanda aka haɗa ta Mirgorod) game da yanayin aljannu na Epic Rasha. A cewar makircin, Bursaka uku ya tashi daga hanya ya kai gona da gona mai ban mamaki, wacce farka ita ce ta zama ainihin mayya. Babban halin HOA zai fuskanci halittun da ba a sani ba, ayyukan coci da mai sihiri tashi a cikin akwatin gawa.
A cikin 1967, farkon Seviet Fim na farko a kan jagorancin Gogol "VII" wanda ke jagorantar Konstantiv da George Krutanin. An yi babban aikin ta Leonid Kuraivlev da Natalia Vorley.
A cikin 1841, Gogol ya rubuta labarin rashin mutuwa "Shinel". A cikin aikin Nikolai Vasilyevich Bashakiyevich Bashakiyevich Bashmachkin, wanda ya bace wa irin wannan lamarin ya zama tushen farin ciki da wahayi.
Rayuwar sirri
Da yake magana game da halayen marubucin "mai duba", yana da mahimmanci a lura da wannan daga Enanasyevich, ban da murabus da mutuwar mutuwa, wanda ya fara bayyana kansu daga da playwright daga ƙaramin. Masana'anci V.G. Koroleenko da Dr. Bazhenov, bisa tsarin kayan tarihin Gogol da Epistolalar geratipp.
Idan a yayin Tarayyar Soviet akan rikice-rikice na Nikolai Vasilyevich, al'ada ce a yi shiru, irin waɗannan cikakkun bayanai suna da ban sha'awa ga mai karatun Erudite na yanzu. An yi imanin cewa Gogol ya sha wahala daga yara tare da tunanin mutum-manica (bebe na rashin tausayi): Hypochondria da rauni a cikin wani saurayi.
Ya damu da hankalinsa har mutuwa. Ya kuma shaida a haruffa, wanda sau da yawa ji "muryoyin" baƙin ciki waɗanda ke ziyartar shi a nesa. Saboda rayuwa a cikin madawwamin fest, Gogol ya zama mutum mai addini kuma ya kai ƙarin rayuwar usta. Yana ƙaunar mata, amma nesa kawai: sau da yawa ya kasance yana cewa Maria Ivanovna, wanda ke barin ƙasashen waje zuwa ga wata mace.
Ya gudanar da wasika tare da kyawawan 'yan matan daban-daban (tare da Maria Balabina, Granderen Anna Wielgorskaya da sauransu), haifar da kansu soyayya da rashin lafiya. Marubucin bai so a tallata rayuwar mutum ba, musamman abubuwa masu gamsarwa. An san cewa Nikolai Vasilliich ba shi da yara. Saboda gaskiyar cewa marubucin bai yi aure ba, akwai ka'idar ɗan luwadi. Wasu kuma sun yarda cewa bai taɓa samun dangantaka ta barin Platonic ba.
Mutuwa
Mutuwar Nikolai Vasilyevich a 42nd shekara har yanzu suna murnar hankalin masana kimiyya, masana tarihi da na binciki. Mystical Legends fili game da Gogol, da kuma game da gaskiyar abin da mutuwar mai son yin jayayya har wa yau.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwa, Nikolai Vasilyvich ya kware da rikicin. Ta hanyar tashi tare da fara tashi daga matar da Hamjakov da la'antarsa ta Archriest mabastovsky, wadanda suka yi magana da wani kaifi laifin ba kuma ya yi imanin marubucin bai isa ba. Glory tunani ya kware da tunanin playwright, daga 5 ga Fabrairu ya ki da abinci. A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, Nikolai Vasilliich "ya rinjayi mummunan ruhu" da kuma 18, ci gaba da lura da babban post, gudu a gado tare da tsaftataccen lalacewar lafiya.
Jagora na gashin tsuntsu ya ƙi kula da lafiya, jiran mutuwa. Likitocin da suka saukar da cututtukan kumburi na hanji, wataƙila Typimus da rashin daidaituwa game da cutar mennesitis kuma a hankali ya tilasta wa Nikolai na ruhaniya da na zahiri. A safiyar ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1852, Gogol ya mutu a cikin wani gidan da Tolstoy count a Moscow.
Tunani
Ayyukan marubucin sun zama tilas ne don nazarin makarantu da cibiyoyin ilimi masu girma. A cikin tunawa da Nicolae Vasilyevich a cikin USSR da sauran ƙasashe, an bayar da tambarin bayan hatimi. Sunan Gogol shine tituna, wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki, cibiyar wasan motsa jiki har ma da mai fasahar Mercury.Don halittar hyperbules da Grotesque, ana samar da samar da masu wasan kwaikwayo kuma ana cire zane na cinematic. Don haka, a cikin 2017, mai kallo na Rasha yana tsammanin jigon binciken Gothic "Gogol. Farkon "Tare da Alexander Petrov da Oleg Mennshikov a cikin manyan ayyuka.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
A tarihin rayuwar da ke tarihin wasan kwaikwayo akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa, dukkansu ba za a iya bayyana su ma a cikin Littafi ba.
- A cewar jita-jita, Gogol yana jin tsoron tsawa, tunda abin da ya shafi na halitta ya yi aiki akan kwakwalwar.
- Marubucin ya rayu da talauci, ya yi tafiya a cikin tsoffin tufafi. Shafi mai tsada kawai a cikin tufafi shine wurin wasan zinare da Zhukovsky a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar banƙu.
- Mahaifiyar Nikolai Vasillavich ta yi tafiya wani mace baƙon. Ta kasance mai haquri, ta yi imani da su na allahntaka kuma a koyaushe sun gaya wa labaran da ban mamaki da fudges.
- A cewar jita-jita, kalmomin karshe na Gogol sun: "Yadda za a mutu da dadi."
- Kerawa Gogol wahayi zuwa Mikhail Bulgakov.
- Nikolai Vasilyevich Adored Swides, don haka a aljihunsa koyaushe sa alewa da yanka sukari. Hakanan, Russia ta Rasha tana ƙaunar yin burodin burodinsa crumbs a hannunsa - ya taimaka wajen maida hankali kan tunani.
- Marubucin ya kasance mai raɗaɗi a bayyanar, musamman hancin nasa.
- Gogol ya ji tsoron cewa za a binne shi, kasancewa cikin mafarki mai tsami. Ciburrica Genius ya ce a nan gaba jikinsa ya ci nasara duniya ne kawai bayan bayyanar jikin mutum. A cewar Legend, Gogol ta farka a cikin akwatin gawa. Lokacin da aka sauke jikin marubucin, mamaki waɗanda suka ga waɗanda suka ga cewa an ga shugaban matattu bai juya.
Littafi daya
- "Maraice a kan gona kusa da dikanka" (1831-1832)
- "Labari game da yadda Ivano Ivanovich ta yi zanga-zanga tare da Ivan Nikiforovich" (1834)
- "Viy" (1835)
- "Starlavetsky Landowers" (1835)
- Taraas Bulba (1835)
- "Nevsky prospekt" (1835)
- "Mai duba" (1836)
- "Hanci" (1836)
- "Notes na mahaukaci" (1835)
- "Hoton Hoto" (1835)
- "Stroller" (1836)
- "Aure" (1842)
- "Matattu rayuka" (1842)
- "Shinel" (1843)