Tari
Worland daga Roman Bulgakova ya ce: "Kada ku nemi komai! Kada wani abu, musamman waɗanda suka fi ku ƙarfi. Zaiyarka za ta bayar kuma kowa zai ba komai. ".Wannan magana daga aikin rashin mutuwa "Master da Margaritata" suna nuna yawancin rayuwar Austrian Franz Schubert, Ave Mariya "(" Song na uku Ellen ").
A rayuwa, bai yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukaka ba. Kodayake ayyukan Austrian kuma an rarraba su daga duk kayan girke-girke na Vienna, Schuberter ya zauna sosai. Da zarar marubucin ya sanya mayafinsa a baranda tare da aljihunan a ciki. Wannan alamar an yi magana da ita ga masu bashi kuma tana nufin cewa ba mu da ƙarin abin da za mu ɗauka daga Schubert. Tare da dandano na ɗaukaka kawai, Franz ya mutu a can cikin shekaru 31. Amma daga baya, wannan ya san wannan musan adam ba wai kawai a cikin ƙasarta ba, har ma a ko'ina cikin duniya, amma a ko'ina cikin duniya: Songs, Waltz, Serenad da sauran abubuwa.
Yaro da matasa
Franz Peter Schubert an haife shi a Austria, ba da nisa da hotunan City na Vienna. Yaro mai baiwa ya girma cikin iyali na al'ada: mahaifinsa malami ne Farranz Thodore - da mahaifiyar Elizabeth ita ce 'yar Elizabeth ne daga silsia. Baya ga Franz, da matan suka hada da karin yara hudu (daga cikin yara 14 suka haifi 9 sun mutu a cikin jaraba).
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa makomar Maestro ta nuna ƙauna ga bayanin kula, saboda a gidansa akwai "kiɗa" a koyaushe. Kira mai dariya wasa da Piano da maɓalli. Franz Jr. An kewaye Franzy Duniyar Moloodies, tun da dangin Schubertt sau da yawa karbi baƙi, suna shirya maraice.
Lura da baiwa ta dansa, wanda a shekara ta bakwai da ke zaune a kan makullin ba tare da yin karatun sanarwa ba, inda yaron ya yi kokarin jan hankalin kungiyar a jiki, kuma M. Holzer ya koyar Matasa schubert zuwa ga vocal art, wanda ya mashe ɗaukaka.
Lokacin da mungiyoyin nan gaba ya juya ya zama shekara 11, aka ɗora shi da Chienna, kuma ya yi rajista a makaranta tare da wani abokin zama, inda ya sami abokai mafi kyau. A cikin cibiyoyin ilimi, schuberer ya nuna rashin fahimta ta hanyar adoniya mawaƙa, kodayake, lissafi da Latin sun ba da yara maza.
Yana da mahimmanci yana cewa a cikin baiwa matasa na matasa na Austrian ba wanda ya yi shakka. Bassell Ruzhichka, wanda ya koyar da muryar Bass na Faransa mai ban sha'awa na m murya da yawa, an faɗi cewa:
"Ba ni da abin koya masa! Ya san daga wurin Ubangiji Allah. "Kuma a cikin 1808, schubert an shigar da schubert ga iyayen iyaye zuwa ga mawaƙa na sarki. Lokacin da yaron ya juyar da shekaru 13, wanda ya rubuta shi da kansa ya fara muhimmanci, kuma bayan shekaru 2 tare da saurayin Antonio Salieri, wanda bai da kudi daga lada na Faransa.
Kiɗa
A lokacin da Schubert naji ta ne ya fara karuwa, an tilasta matasa mawaki don wani dalili mai ma'ana an tilasta barin mai yanke hukunci. Mahaifa Franz ya yi mafarkin cewa ya shiga wurin wakilan malamin ya ci gaba da sawunsa. Schubert ba zai iya yin tsayayya da nufin iyayensa ba, don haka bayan kammala karatun ya fara aiki a makaranta, inda na koyar da haruffa ga karami.
Koyaya, mutumin da rayuwarsa take cikin sha'awar kiɗan, aikin malamai bashi da so. Saboda haka, tsakanin darussan da ke haifar da raini a cikin Franz, ya zauna a teburin kuma ya tattara ayyukan, ya kuma yi nazarin ayyukan Mozart, da Beethoven da Glukka.
A cikin 1814, ya rubuta Opera "Manzon Allah Clele Shaiɗan" da kuma manyan FA sun. Kuma da shekaru 20, Schubert ya zama marubucin akalla Symphony 5, Sonata Bakwai da waƙoƙi ɗari uku. Kiɗan bai bar tunanin schubert na minti daya ba: marubuci ɗan kwarewa ya farka ko da a tsakiyar dare ya sami lokaci don rubuta karin waƙa da sauti a cikin mafarki.
A lokacin kyauta, Austrian shirya modings: A cikin gidan Schubert, waɗanda ba su ƙaura daga Piano kuma sau da yawa suna da abokai da suka saba sun bayyana.
A cikin bazara na 1816, Franz yayi ƙoƙari ya isa matsayin shugaban Compel na Comeir, amma shirye-shiryen ba a ƙaddara su zama abin ba. Ba da da schubert godiya ga abokai sun hadu da shahararrun Barton Johen Foglla.
Wannan mai zane ne wanda ya taimaka Schubert don kafa kansa cikin rayuwa: ya yi waƙoƙi a ƙarƙashin Franz tare a cikin salon music na Vienna.
Amma ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi cewa Austrian kayan aiki kamar yadda Pirusoso kamar, alal misali, kudan zuma. Bai kasance koyaushe yana yin tunani mai kyau a kan masu sauraron jama'a ba, don haka an biya kuɗin kula da masu kallo a cikin visa.
A cikin 1817, Franz ya zama marubucin kiɗan zuwa waƙar "Trout" a kan kalmomin sunaye na Kirista Schubert. Hakanan, mambobin sun zama sanannen don kiɗan ga sanannen marubucin yankin Jamusawa Goethe Lesnoy Tsar, kodayake ma'aikatan Edlafsee "aka buga Erlanz" Erlafsee "kodayake ma'aikatan Edlafsee a koyaushe a gaban FAME na Schubert.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin shekarun shahararrun shahara, Franz ya sami riba. Don haka, abokan-jita (marubuci Baiyerfeld, mai ɗorewa ba, Huittenbrrenberner, ɗan wasa Schwind da sauran abokan budurwa) ya taimaka wa kuɗin mawaƙa.
Lokacin da Schubert ya gamsar da bikin sa, a cikin 1818 ya bar aiki a makaranta. Amma mahaifinsa bai yi kama da hukuncin da ba shi da shawarar Sonan, don haka ya hana shi manya yaransa taimako. Saboda wannan, Faransawa dole ne su nemi daren tare da abokai.
Saurin rayuwar mawaki ya kasance mai sauƙin canzawa. Opera "Alfonso da Estrella" A rubuce-rubucen makokin makirci, wanda Franz ya ɗauki sa'arsa, aka ƙi. A wannan batun, yanayin yanayin Schubetrt ya kore. Hakanan a cikin 1822 mawuyacin ya kamu da cutar da cutar ta kamu da lafiyarsa. A tsakiyar bazara, Franz ya koma ga farin ciki, inda ya zauna cikin kashin off of of kirgawa Johanna Esterhazi. Akwai Schubert ya koyar da darussan saƙo ga 'ya'yansa.
A cikin 1823, Schubert ya zama memba na girmamawa na ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin Scher da Lingi. A wannan shekarar, mawaƙin ya kunshi "kyakkyawan Mellechika" zagaye zagaye na waƙa don kalmomin mawaƙin soyayya Wilhelm Müller. A cikin wadannan waƙoƙi, aka fada game da saurayin saurayin da ya tafi neman farin ciki.
Amma farin cikin saurayi ya kasance cikin ƙauna: lokacin da ya ga 'yar Miller, kibiya ta yi ta gangara a cikin zuciyarsa. Amma ƙaunataccen ya jawo hankalinsa ga abokin hamayyarsa, wani ma'aikacin mafarauta, saboda haka da farin ciki da ɗaukaka hankali na matafiyi ba da daɗewa ba ya juya ya zama mara nauyi.
Bayan da babban nasarar da "kyakkyawan Melnichi" a cikin hunturu da kuma a cikin 1827, Schubert yana aiki akan wani sake kira "hanyar hunturu". Kiɗa, rubuce a cikin kalmomin Muller, an rarrabe ta ta hanyar rashin fahimta. Franz da kansa ya kira kwakwalwarsa mai kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa na Creepy. " Abin lura da cewa don haka baƙin ciki da blositions game da ƙauna Schubert ya rubuta a gaba kafin mutuwar kansa.
Tarihin rayuwar Franz yana nuna cewa wani lokacin dole ne ya zauna cikin wani abu mai wahala, inda tare da hasken wutar Rachin ya ƙunshi manyan ayyuka na faɗin takarda. Mawaki yana da matukar talauci, amma bai so ya wanzu akan taimakon kuɗi.
"Me zai same ni ..." Na yi wa Schubert, "Ni, watakila, zai yiwu, makasudin Hipp, kamar ƙaho a ƙofar kuma ku nemi gaba da gurasa."Amma Franz ba zai iya kuma ɗauka cewa ba zai zama tsufa ba. Lokacin da mawaƙin ke gab da yanke ƙauna, allahn Fasali ya sake yi masa ba'a, a cikin 1828, Schubert ya zaɓi memba na abokai na Music, kuma a ranar 26 ga Maris, mawaki sun ba waƙar marubucin a karon farko . Aikin ya kasance mai nasara, kuma zauren ya fashe da kuka. A wannan rana, Franz a farkon lokacin da ya faru a rayuwarsa ya gano abin da nasarar nasara take.
Rayuwar sirri
A rayuwa, babban mawuyacin hali ne mai zafi da jin kunya. Saboda haka, manzon marubucin an yi su ne a kan abin da ya faru. Yanayin Franz ya zama toshe mai tuntuɓe a kan hanyar zuwa farin ciki, saboda ƙaunataccensa ya zaɓi ango ango.
Ana kiran ƙaunar Schubert kusa Teresa Horb. Tare da wannan na musamman Franz ya hadu, kasancewa cikin Choir Chilir. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ƙwararrun yarinya ba ta jin kyau, amma, a akasin haka, yana da kyakkyawar bayyanar da "burgeta daga kananandan zuma, da fari da fararen gashin gashin ido .
Amma babu bayyanar da schubert a zabar uwar garken. Ya kasance mai ban tsoro da gaskiyar cewa Teresa da ban sha'awa da kuma wahayi da aka saurari kiɗa, kuma a lokacin waɗannan lokuta fuskarta ta sami haske a idanunsa.
Amma, tunda yarinyar ta tashi ba tare da mahaifinsa ba, mahaifiyarta ta ce ta zaɓi ƙarshen tsakanin ƙauna da kuɗi. Saboda haka, gorb aure irin kek.
Sauran rayuwar schubert tana da kiba sosai. A cewar jita-jita, mawuyacin a cikin 1822 an cutar da Syphilis - a wannan lokacin cuta mai warkarwa. Dangane da wannan, ana iya ɗauka cewa Franz bai ɓacewa ba don ziyartar gidajen jama'a.
Mutuwa
A cikin fall na 1828, Franz Schubert ya sha azaba ta hanyar zazzabin sati biyu wanda ya haifar da cutar cututtukan ciki - cinikin ciki na ciki. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, yana da shekaru 32 wanda bai cika ba shekaru 32 wanda ya cika, babban masarauta ya mutu.
Austrian (bisa ga abin da na ƙarshe na bege) aka binne a kan batun makabarta kusa da kabarinka - Beethoven.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Don kudaden juya daga wasan kwaikwayo na Traimphal, wanda ya faru a 1828, Franz Schubert ya sami Piano.
- A cikin fall na 1822, mai rike ya rubuta "Symphony A'a" 8 ", wanda ya shiga labarin a matsayin" wani waƙa mai ƙarewa ". Gaskiyar ita ce a farkon Franz ya ƙirƙiri wannan samfurin a cikin hanyar fannoni, sannan a ci. Amma ga Dalilin da ba zai iya fahimta ba, Schubert bai gama aiki ba akan kwakwalwar. A cewar jita-jita, sauran rubuce-rubucen sun yi asara kuma an adana su da abokaina na Austrian.
- Wasu kuskuren halayen suna danganta da marubutan schubertt da sunan wasan. Amma kalmar "lokacin kiɗa" ya zo tare da m Leiddessdorf.
- Schubert ya ƙaryata Gethe. Dan wasan yayi mafarki kusa da wannan sanannen marubucin, amma mafarkinsa ba shi da ya cika.
- Babban Schubert ya sami shekaru 10 bayan mutuwarsa.
- A cikin girmamawa ga wasan franz "Rosamunda" ya nada shi bayan haka, wanda aka bude a 1904.
- Bayan kabari na mawaki, taro na rubuce-rubucen da ba dole ba. Na dogon lokaci, mutane basu san abin da Schubertert.
Tari
Waƙoƙi (fiye da 600)
- Curcle "Kyakkyawan Millechikha" (1823)
- Tsarin "Hanya Hanya" (1827)
- Tarin "Swan Swan" (1827-1828, Pretthumous)
- Kusan waƙoƙi 70 akan matani Gethe
- Kimanin waƙoƙi 50 akan matani schiller
M
- Farko D-Dur (1813)
- Na biyu b-dur (1815)
- Na uku d-dur (1815)
- Na hudu c-moll "tricy" (1816)
- Biyar B-Dur (1816)
- Shida c-durfe (1818)
Quartets (kawai 22)
- Quinet B-Dur OP OP. 168 (1814)
- G-moll Quartetet (1815)
- Quinet A-Moll OP OP. 29 (1824)
- D-Moll (1824-18226)
- Quinet G-Dur OP. 161 (1826)