Tari
"Ba wani abu mara kyau, sai dai mai kyau," ba zai faru ba, "ya rubuta mai ruhaniya da kuma mai mutunci Mikhail Zshchenko.Da alama cewa prophizin ɗin da aka yanke shawarar jayayya da marubuciya kuma tabbatar da cewa ba daidai ba ne. Tare da Mikhail Mikhailovich, da yawa laiffeses sun faru cewa a karkashin satar su, Primsais ya akai-akai a tattauna a hankali game da ilimin psycothothery. Kuma bacin rai na al'ada ya sa batun nazarin kuma ya rubuta littafi, kamar yadda yake bi da shi. Amma sun sha wahala Fiasco.Yaro da matasa
An haifi masu gabatar da kara na Rasha ne a lokacin bazara na 1894 a cikin babban birnin arewa a cikin dangin Mikhail Zoshcheno, Elena Surina. Shugaban dangi shine mai fasaha-wayar hannu, wanda Musa kuma a yau yana alwaddamar da facade na gidan kayan gargajiya na Alexanderburg. Wani mutum ne mai kirkirar marubuci: Elena Iosifovna aure ya tafi zuwa shimfidar zane-zane a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan haka, lokacin da aka haifi yara takwas bayan wani, ya sami damar rubuta labaran da suka ɗauki jaridar Kopeyk.
A 8 years old misha aka dauki zuwa dakin motsa jiki. Daga baya a cikin tarihin wasan zshenko ya gaya wa cewa ya yi karatun ba shi da mahimmanci, kuma a kan jarrabawar ƙarshe tana rubuta rubutun a kan "1", duk da cewa tana mafarkin wani marubuci. Iyalin Zoshchenko ne kawai rage ƙarewa da ƙare. A cikin 1913, bayan kammala karatun daga dakin motsa jiki, Mikhail Zoshcheno ya zama ɗalibin jami'ar sarki, zabar hukunce-hukuncen. Amma bayan shekara guda an kora shi - babu abin da zai biya don yin nazari. Saurayin ya yi rayuwa. Ya sami mai kula da jirgin ƙasa. Aiki na shekara guda: aka kashe yakin duniya na farko.
A cikin Memoirs, Zoshchengo ya rubuta cewa bashi da "yanayin kishin kasa". Koyaya, Mikhail ta bambanta kansa, karbar umarni huɗu. Ya raunata shi, kuma bayan guba mai gas, an sake rubuta shi "zuwa ajiyar. Amma Zoshchenko ya ki kuma ya koma gaban.
Zenhcheno ya hana zama mai halarta na 1917, ya kuma samu tsari na St. Vladimir. A cikin 1915 marubucin da aka aiko zuwa wurin ajiyar. A lokacin rani, zisenkenco ya naɗa shi shugaban ofishin gidan mai, amma bayan watanni shida sai ya bar garinsa ya tafi Arkhangelsk. Don barin Rasha kuma tafi Faransa, Mikhail Zoshcheno ya ki.
Domin tarihin rayuwarsa, Batun Batun da ya canza akalla cocin 15. Ya yi aiki a kotu, Ragged zomaye da kaji a lardin Smintensk, sunyi aiki azaman tambari. A cikin 1919, Mikhail Zoshcheno ya shiga cikin masu sa kai a cikin Red Army. Amma a lokacin bazara ya shiga asibiti, an rushe shi kuma an koma hidimar telephoni.
Litattafai
Mikhail Zowhcheno ya fara rubutu a shekara 8: waƙoƙin farko, sannan labaru. A cikin 1907, lokacin da yake shekara 13, ya rubuta labari "gashi". Tunanin yara da matsalolin dangi suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi a kansa, daga baya nemo tunaninsu a cikin ayyukan Mikhail Zoshcheno na Mikhail "," Babban Tarihin "," Babban matafiya ".
Bayan juyin juya hali da dambar da Zoshcheko na Zoshchento a cikin binciken da ya gwada kokarin dozin sana'a, wanda aka nuna a aikinsa ya wadatar da ayyukan da ke da ban sha'awa. A shekara ta 1919, Mikhail Zoshchento ya ziyarci lambar ɗakin rubutu wanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin gidan bugu "Allikango na Duniya" da jagorancin Kornee Chukovsky. Tushen Ivanovichich, wanda ya saba da kwarewa mai ban dariya na Zoshchenko, amma na yi matukar farin ciki cewa mai mutunci ya kasance "irin wannan bakin ciki."
A cikin ɗakin studio, marubucin ya sani da Venia wata, Vsevolod Ivanov da sauran abokan aiki, tare da wanda a farkon 1920s, United a cikin rukunin rubutu, wanda aka yi wa 'yan'uwa masu serapiones ". "Zakaria", kamar yadda marubutan da ake kira marubutan, wanda aka yiwa shi ne saboda 'yan kasusuwa daga siyasa.
Servelation na farko ya jawo hankalin Mikhail Zoshcheno. Shahararren marubucin a cikin juzu'in juyi Rasha yana girma da sauri. Phrases daga labarun da yake so ya tabbata. Daga shekarar 1922 zuwa 1946, an sake buga littattafan Prikoika sau 100, ciki har da ayyukan 6-tomny da aka tattara.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1920, Mikhail Zowhcheno yana cikin zenith na ɗaukaka. Labarun "Bannya", "Aristocrat", "tarihin cututtuka", "gado" suna cike da asali na asali, karanta cikin numfashi daya da kuma ƙaunar dukkan sassan al'umma. Marubutan sun ce musu su karanta a tarurruka a cikin masu sauraron magoya baya sun cika da magoya baya. Aikin mai mutunci mai matukar godiya sosai Maxim Gorky, ya yi farin ciki da "Rator da Lyricsm" a cikin labaran Zoshchendo.
Masu sukar rubutu bayan sakin tarin abubuwa bayan sakin tarin abubuwa da aka ba da cewa Mikhail Zoshcheno ya kirkiro sabon irin gwarzo. Wannan talauci ne Soviet Southely talauci ba tare da kaya na al'adu ba, tunatarwa da cikakkiyar sha'awar a kwatanta da "sauran ɗan adam". Masu magana da "kamfanoni" suna da ban dariya da ban mamaki, amma dariya a saman gwarzo ba haushi. Sau da yawa, mai aukuwa yana haifar da labari a madadin gwarzo kansa, yana tilasta wa karatu mafi kyau don fahimtar dalilin ayyukan ayyuka. Mikhail Mikhailovich a matsayin "mai ban mamaki." Tushen Chukovsky ya lura cewa marubucin ya gabatar da sabon karin magana, wanda masu karatu suka karba kuma suka ƙaunace su.
Amma ba kowa bane ke fitowa daga karkashin marubutan alkalami a karkashin marubucin. Labarin ban dariya da labarin Mikhail Zoshcheno yana ƙaunar, amma marubucin yana jiran ci gaba a cikin ruhu guda. Kuma a cikin 1929 ya saki littafin "haruffa ga marubucin." Wannan wani nau'in binciken ilimin zamantakewa ya ƙunshi yawancin haruffa marubuci daga masu karatu. Littafin ya haifar da rikice-rikice da zubar da magoya baya na baiwa Zoshcheno, mummunan amsawa ga hukumomi.
Daraktan Vsevolod Meyerwer ya tilasta cire "masoyi verin" tare da maimaitawa. Tun lokacin da yake yara, mai saurin murhail zshchenko ya dunkule cikin bacin rai, wanda aka tsananta bayan tafiya zuwa fararen fata. A cikin 1930s, hukumomi sun shirya shirye-shiryen marubutan, suna fatan za su iya maimaita sake karatun Stalintist a cikin sansanin Stalinist ", interned" mutum.
Amma a Mikhail Zoshchenko ya gani a kan mashahurinsa ya yi tasiri a gaba - m, kuma ya rubuta ko komai abin da ake tsammani daga gare shi. A cikin labarin labarin rayuwa guda, wanda ya bayyana a 1934, yana raba abubuwan ban sha'awa.
Tryoƙarin kawar da takaici, Mikhail Zoshcheno ya shirya labarin "ya dawo matasa." Wannan nazarin mutum ne wanda ya haifar da sha'awar yanayin kimiyya. Siffa ta ci gaba da irin wannan dauki ci gaba da nazarin bayanan rubutu na rubutu, bugawa a 1935 tarin labaru "littafin shuɗi". Amma idan an haɗu da rubutun kimiyya a cikin yanayin kimiyya tare da sha'awa, to, a cikin jam'iyyar latsa Mikhail Zowhchengo, an tsawaita su. An hana marubucin don buga rubuce-rubucen, suna wuce lokacin "satire mai kyau ga wasu aibi".
Praisa, Stronger Condan Jigilar, mai da hankali kan rubuta labarai. An buga su a cikin mujallu "Chizz" da "Hedgehog". Daga baya, labarun sun shiga cikin tarin "Leliya da MINka". Shekaru biyar bayan haka, duniya ta ga tarin labaru na biyu ga yara, ana kiranta "abu mafi mahimmanci."
A ƙarshen 1930s, Mikhail Zoshchenko ya mai da hankali ga rundunar a aiki a kan littafin, wanda ya dauki babban samfurin rayuwarsa. Bai katse aiki a kai ba a shekarun Shekarun Duniya na II. A gaban, marubuciya mai shekaru 47 ba, kodayake daga farkon zamanin yaƙi na ya ba da sanarwa ba, sun ba da kansu. Amma binciken likita bai wuce marubucin ba - an amince da shi a matsayin bai cancanci zuwa ga aikin soja ba. Zosshenkeno ya yi rajista a cikin gungun ma'aikatar tsaro da kan Sonansa a kan rufin gidajen Lingrad, suna kare su daga bawo najiro.
An tilasta marubucin a cikin Almaty, yana barin kaya tare da su ba ya fi nauyi fiye da kilo 12. Zoshchenko ya ɗauki littattafan rubutu da rubuce-rubucen - kayan aikin nan gaba ", wanda ya ƙirƙira sunan aiki" (daga baya aka canza zuwa "kafin fitowar rana". Da nauyin rubuce-rubuce - kilo 8. Sauran hudun sune kayan mutum da tufafi.
A cikin fitarwa, marubucin ya yi aiki a ɗakin studio na Mosfilm, inda ya rubuta al'amuran don fina-finai biyu: "Barci Farin ciki" da "Farin ciki." A lokacin bazara na 1943, marubucin ya zo Moscow, inda ya zauna a cikin jirgin editan na Jaridar Masoya ". Rubuta a cikin Comachiation Comatey Play "Caulus Proundfolio" ya sami nasarar zuwa (wasanni 200 na shekara) a cikin wasan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo.
A cikin wannan shekarar 1943, shugabannin farko na binciken kimiyya da fasaha "kafin fitowar rana" a cikin mujallar "Star". Mikhail Zoshchento ya rubuta cewa aikin ya kasance duk rayuwarsa ga wannan, kwanciya babban fatan fahimta da kuma masu sukar littafin da masu sukar da adalcin.
Labarin Zoshchenko shi ne tabbaci. A ciki, Mikhail Mikhaihoovich, dangane da hujjojin likitanci Ivan Pavlov kuma da Sigmund Freud, sun yi kokarin tabbatar da hujjoji a kimiyance a kan bacin rai. A cikin tarihin tarihin, marubucin yayi Magana game da kwarewar 'yaransa, yana yin amfani da molancholy a cikin shekaru masu girma a cikin abin da ya dandana a cikin yara. Wannan littafin wani littafin kimiyya ne ga waɗanda da, da Mikhail Zshchenko, sun yi ƙoƙarin kawar da zalunci da hankali.
"Star" ya dakatar da ya ci gaba da littafin, bi da takaici. A cikin Pudent Puduch, Mikhail Zoshchengo da mujallu waɗanda suka ba shi matsayin da aka rabu a cikin taron. Legrad Magazin ya rufe.
Labarin ya soki Yusuf Stalin, a bayansa da Andrei Zhdanov, yana kiran aikin "abin ƙyama". Sand na mahimmancin rushewa akan kwarara Zshankenko. An kira littafin "Galimia", wanda yake makiya na USSR. Ba da daɗewa ba aka yanke shawara na Babban kwamitin na VKPB, inda marubutan da ake kira "matsoraci" da "Lake Oblitocin". An zargi Mikhail Zoshchengo da zargin da ake zargi da zuwa gaban, duk da cewa ya ziyarci ofishin soja a farkon zamanin yaƙin. Tuba yana jiransa.
Na kara dagula matsayin matsanancin rubutun da aka sake bugawa a cikin "Star" na labarin yara "Kasadar da biri". A cikin labarin ba zato ba tsammani ya ga stire zuwa tsarin Soviet. Tare tare da Mikhail Zoshchenko da Anna Akmatov. Don tsira kuma ba ya mutu da yunwar, marubucin ya fassara zuwa cikin Rashanci ayyukan abokan aikin Finnish. Bayan mutuwar Janar Mikhailus, Mikhail Soshchento ya yarda marubutan, daga abin da ya kori a 1946. Amma a cikin kasancewar Constantine Simonov ya yarda a matsayin mai fassara, kuma ba a matsayin marubuci ba.
Bayan ɗan taƙaitaccen narke, abin da aka sake bugun sake, zalunci ya fara a zagaye na biyu. Hakan ya faru bayan ganawar Zoshcheno da Akhmatova tare da ɗaliban Turanci waɗanda suka tambaye su su nuna musu kaburburan marubuta. Marubucin Burtaniya ya gabatar da marubutan da ke zaune, suna son nuna biyayya ga masu zaman kansu na Soviet zuwa ga "abokan gaba".
A taron a gidan marubucin a watan Mayu a watan Mayu a watan Mayu 1954, an tambayi marubutan OPlia game da halartar kwamitin yanke shawarar kwamitin WCPB. Anna andrevna, wanda ɗansa ya tabbata, ya ce da ya ce da shawarar. Mikhail Zoshcheno ya ce bai yarda da zagi ba kuma baya daukar masani ko abokan gaba ko makiyin mutane. Wani rauni ya fara ne a cikin latsa. A cikin 1955, Zoshchenko ya nemi fansho. Amma da sanarwa na da nada wani sirri fensho a 1200 rubles Mikhail Mikhailovich samu kawai a lokacin rani na 1958 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa.
Rayuwar sirri
A rayuwar sirri ta sirri na marubucin, kuma, komai ba sauki. A watan Disamba 1918, Mikhail Zoshcheno ya hadu da aminci. Sun yi aure a lokacin rani mai ban mamaki ga marubucin 1920s: A watan Janairu, inna ta mutu a Zoshcheno. Ofan Mikhail Soshchenko - An haife Valery a farkon bazara na 1922 a cikin legrad.
A rayuwar litattafan litattafan da akwai yawancin abubuwan sha'awa da litattafai masu yawa, amma ɗayansu, mafi tsawo, ya faru da Lydia Chalova, wanda ake kira Gidan Tarihi na marubuci. Tare da ƙarami tsawon shekaru 20, mace Mikhail Zoshchenko ya sadu a 1929. Chalova yayi aiki a Ma'aikatar "Red Gazega". Zoshchento, wanda yake a babban shahara, ya yi mamakin lokacin da yarinyar ta tambayi sunansa na ƙarshe.
Rashin Ruwa ya faru lokacin da mijinta ya mutu domin LETA. Marubucin ya goyi bayan wata budurwa. Ba da daɗewa ba abokantaka ta zama ƙauna. A shekarar 1946, Romawa ya tsaya a kan shirin Chalova, amma ya adana bayanan da aka adana na magana da ƙauna ta Zoshcheno, wacce ta ci gaba da sakewa. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwar marubucin, akwai matar imani da ta gabata. An binne ta kusa da mijinta.
Mutuwa
Shekarun nan 'yan kwanannan, marubucin ya yi a ɗakin ɗakin a Sestroretsk. A cikin bazara na 1958, Mikhail Zoshcheno diled Nicotin. Saboda guba, spasm na kwarjin kwakwalwar ya faru, marubucin bai san 'yan'uwansa ba kuma ba su iya magana. Mutuwa ta zo a ranar 22 ga Yuli daga gazawar zuciya.
Mahukunta ba su yarda a binne litattafan a cikin gidan kayan tarihi-necropolis "a kan makabartar Volkovsky ba, inda aka sami marubutan da yawa na Rasha da suka samo mafarau na karshe. Na binne Zoshchenko a cikin Sestroretsk a Cured Curulal. Hujjojin ido suna jayayya cewa a fuskar Mikhail Zoshcheno, baƙin ciki a rayuwa, murmushi ya faru.
Littafi daya
- Labaru da dabbobi "daban"
- Labarun Nazar Ilyich Mr. Sinebrühova
- Mutane masu juyayi
- Labarun da aka saba
- Haruffa ga marubucin
- Ya dawo matasa
- Ayyukan Merry (ra'ayoyi talatin talatin)
- Ra'ayoyi masu farin ciki
- Yawon shakatawa na Dansre Statefikus
- Rayuwar sirri
- Littafin Blue
- Belkar ta shida Belkin
- Yarima yarima
- Sakamakon laifi
- Leil da MINKTA
- Labarun yara
- Labarun Game da Lenin
- Kafin fitowar rana