Tari
Mark Chagall, tare da avant-gonar lambu Otto Dix, Heinrich Emzen da Hansel Richen wani mai zane ne wanda iliminsa ya ji tsoro. Creirƙiri zane-zane, an yi masa jagora na musamman ta hanyar ilhami: tsarin haɗawa, haɓakawa da fitilu sun ba da baƙonsa.
Mutum, ya hana hoton tunani, yana da matukar wahala a gani a cikin zane mai zane da kuma serov, inda daidaito na layin yake an gina shi cikin matsayin cikakken.
Yaro da matasa
Movysha Hetskelevich (Daga baya Musa Hetskelevich ya (daga baya Musa Hetskelevich da Mark Zakharovich da Mark Zakharovich da Mark Zakharovich da aka haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Yammacin, a cikin ma'adanin Rasha, daban da Catherine II don mazaunin Yahudawa. Shugaban na Hatsel Mordukhov Changhov Chagard ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya a shagon shagon ƙauyen. Shi mutum ne mai natsuwa, wanda ya yi da aiki da ma'aikaci. Mahaifiyar mai zane-zane Figa-ya kasance mace mai ƙarfin gaske, sobleable da kuma shiga. Ta jagoranci gona, ta jagoranci mijinta da yara.
Shekaru biyar, Mouna, kamar kowane ɗa Yahudu, shugaban gaba (Makarantar firamare), inda ya yi nazarin salla da dokar Allah. Yana da shekara 13, Chagall ya shiga makarantar Vebbsk City ta Bourgal. Gaskiya ne, bai ba shi wani abu na musamman a gare shi ba, a wancan lokacin, Mark ya kasance mai rashin tabbas mai ban tsoro wanda saboda rashin tabbas, wanda saboda rashin tabbas, wanda saboda rashin tabbas, wanda saboda rashin tabbas, wanda saboda rashin jin daɗin harshe, ba zai iya samun harshe gama gari tare da takwarorinta ba.
VIGHITION VIBOBSK ya zama mai zane na gaba da kuma aboki na farko, da ƙauna ta farko, kuma malami na farko. Saurayi Musa da bayyane tukwane marasa ma'ana, wanda ya kalli kullun daga windows na gidansa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa iyayen ba su ciyar da cututtukan musamman game da ikon da ke fuskanta game da ɗa. Mama akai-akai a qarshe zukatan Musa maimakon teburin cin abinci, kuma mahaifin bai so ji game da horarwar a lokacin a lokacin da Pitebsky Painter Paint.
Mafi kyawun dangin sarki Chagalov wani ɗan lissafi ne ko kuma, a mafi muni, Sonan-magabaci a gidan ɗan kasuwa mai arziki. Matasan Musa yayin har wata watanni sun jagoranci kuɗin daga mahaifinsa zuwa zane zane. Lokacin da babi na dangi ya gaji da bukatun hawayen, sai ya jefa kudin da ake buƙata a cikin taga taga. Jadawalin Jadawalin nan gaba don tattara waye a kan shimfidar shimfidar wurare a gaban dariya.
An yi karatun da aka bai wa Movesch mai wahala: ya kasance mai zane da aka fi so da ɗalibi na Nicudy. Bayan haka, waɗannan halayen biyu na halayen sun sabawa duk mutanen da suka yi ƙoƙarin tasiri na ilimin fasaha. Tuni yana da shekara goma sha biyar, yana dauke da kansa ba a rushe baiwa ba kuma saboda haka zai iya yin tsayayya da maganganun malamai. A cewar Markus, babban sake tsayawa ne kawai zai iya zama mai jagoranci. Abin takaici, masu zane ba su da wannan matakin a cikin karamin gari.
Na ceci kudi, tako, in ji komai da iyaye, ya tafi St. Petersburg. Babban birnin daular da aka gabatar gare shi da jawabai. Akwai kawai Cibiyar Arts, inda Musa zai yi. Gaskiya gaskiyar rayuwa ta gabatar da daidaitattun abubuwan da suka dace da mafarkin maza masu ruwan hoda: ya kasa jarrabawa na farko da na ƙarshe. Kofofin ma'aikata masu mahimmanci ba su buɗe ba kafin baiwa. Mutumin bai yi amfani da shi ba don mika wuya, ya zo Nikolai Kontantinovich, wata makarantar wata makaranta ta gabatar da fasaha. A nan yayi karawa watanni 2.
A lokacin bazara na 1909, matsananciyar neman hanyarsa a cikin fasaha, Chagall ta dawo ga vitebsk. Saurayin ya fadi cikin baƙin ciki. Hotunan wannan lokacin yana nuna rashin kwanciyar hankali na ilimin da ba'a sani ba. Sau da yawa ana ganin shi a kan gadar ta Vitaba. Ba a san abin da waɗannan yanayin halaye na iya haifar da, idan Chagall bai hadu da ƙaunar rayuwarsa ba - Berla) Rososafeld. Ganawa da Bella ya cika jirgin ruwan da ya lalata. Mark din sake na son rayuwa da halitta.
A cikin kaka ta 1909, ya koma zuwa Petersburg. Ta hanyar sha'awar nemo ranar da ke daidai da ranar kwanan wata, an ƙara sabon ra'ayin gyara: wani saurayi ya ci nasara da wani saurayi wanda ya ci nasara. Haruffa harafin wasika sun taimaka wa Shagola don shiga makarantar babbar makaranta ta zane da sanannen mayaudara. Tsarin fasaha na cibiyar ilimi an bishe ta da zaki mai dadi.
Dangane da shaidar zamani, Musa, Bakst ya karbe shi ba tare da wani gunaguni ba. Haka kuma, an amince da cewa zaki ya sanar da horar da begen Grandscece. Bakst ya ce kai tsaye zuwa Movesch cewa a Rasha baiwa bai dace ba. A watan May 1911, wanda aka yi tafiya a kan malanta da aka karɓi daga Maxim, malamai sun tafi Paris, inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa. A babban birnin Faransa, ya fara sa hannu a aikinsa da alamar Mark.
Zane
Shagall ya fara tarihin tarihin game da zanen "mai mutu". A cikin 1909, aikin "hoton amarya a cikin safofin hannu baƙi" da "dangi" an rubuta su ƙarƙashin rinjayar salon da ba na kai ba. A watan Agusta ta 1910, Mark ya tafi Paris. Aikin tsakiya na lokacin Paris sun kasance "Ni da ƙauyena", "Rasha, Oslas da sauransu", "Hoton Oslas da yatsunsu bakwai" da "Calvary". A lokaci guda, "Groyshka Tobacco", "yi addu'a da salla da aka rubuta su", "Bayahude", wanda ya kawo Shagal zuwa shugabannin fasahar al'adun Yahudawa.
A watan Yuni na 1914, wani bayanin nasa nunin ya bude a Berlin, wanda ya hada da kusan dukkanin zanen duk zane-zane da zane-zane da aka kirkira a Paris. A lokacin zafi na 1914, Mark ya koma Vitbsk, inda ya kama farkon yaƙin na farko na duniya. A cikin 1914-1915, jerin gwanaye daga ayyukan saba'in da saba'in da aka rubuta a kan kirkirar abubuwa da aka kirkira (hotuna, shimfidar wuri, yanayin shimfidar wurare, halaye na zamani).
A cikin pre-neman sauyi sau, epically monumental-type hotuna da aka halitta ( "Mai kaya Jaridu", "Green Bayahude", "Addu'a Bayahude", "Red Bayahude"), da zane-zanen daga "Lovers" zagayowar ( "Blue masoya", " Masu son kore "," masu son Pink ") da nau'in Pink. Hoton shimfidar wuri (" madubi "," Hoton Cella, "hoton Bella a cikin wani fari na Colla," a saman birni ").
A farkon lokacin bazara na 1922, Chagall ta je Berlin don koyon makomar ayyukan kafin yakin. A Berlin, mai fasaha ya horar da sabon kayan aiki don kayan aiki - etching, bushe allura, xylagraphy. A cikin 1922, ya yi ta girgiza jerin etchedings da aka tsara don zama misalai na tarihin tarihin "Rayuwata" (babban fayil na "(wani babban fayil tare da" rayuwata "a cikin 1923). Littafin da aka fassara zuwa Faransanci ya ga hasken a Paris a cikin 1931. Don ƙirƙirar sake zagayowar misalai ga Roman Nikolai Vasilyevich Gougol "mutu rayuka" a 1923, Mark Zakharovich ya koma Paris.
A cikin 1927, jerin gwano "Virsididdigar Volat" ya tashi tare da ita ta duk hotunan hamalovsky ta hanyar Insane Hotunan Insanes, Harlequins da kuma acrobats. Ta hanyar ministan farfaganda na fascist na Paul Josef Goebbels a shekara ta 1933, a bainar ayyukan ubangijin ba a fili a Mannaiim. Tsananta da Yahudawa a cikin farantin Jamus, wannan gargaɗin bala'in da ke gabatowa ayyukan stegal a cikin sauti apcalyptic. A cikin prewar da shekaru yaki, daya daga cikin manyan batutuwan nasa shi ne gicciyen ("fari fatficifix", "Mawayyen", "rawaya Kristi".
Rayuwar sirri
Matar Farko daga cikin wani ma'aikaci mai ban sha'awa shine 'yar Kaya Saita Bella Rossafeld. Daga baya ya rubuta: "Shekaru da yawa, ƙaunarka ta rufe duk abin da na yi. Shekaru shida bayan taron na farko, 25 ga Yuli, 1915, sun yi aure. Tare da macen da ta ba shi 'yar zuwa Imu, Markus ya daɗe da farin ciki da farin ciki. Gaskiya ne, rabo ya ci gaba ta wannan hanyar da aka sami ɗan zane a cikin Asibitin Amurka daga Asibitin Amurka a ranar 2 ga Satumba 2, 1944. Sa'an nan kuma, komawa bayan jana'izar zuwa wani gidan da babu komai a Rasha, kuma ya tambayi IMU don jefa duk goge da mai zane.
"Makokin makoki" a cikin watanni 9. Godiya ga kulawa ta da kulawa da 'yarta, ya koma rayuwa. A lokacin bazara na 1945, Ida ya hayar wani m wani m don kula da mahaifinsa. Don haka a rayuwar Shagal, Virginia Haggard ya bayyana. Tsakaninsu, sabon labari ya barke, wanda ya gabatar da alamar ɗa na Dawuda. A shekarar 1951, yarinyar yarinyar ta bar alama ga Charlet mai daukar hoto na Beljian Charlet Lamlet. Ta dauki ɗanta kuma ta ki amincewa da ayyukan Artist 18 da suka ba mata a lokuta daban-daban, suna barin kansa biyu kawai zane-zane.
Musa ya sake son yin kisan kai, kuma don ya mallaki Uba daga Daman, Ida ya kawo shi tare da mai shi mai salon London Brodskaya. Aure tare da Hamalized ta bayan watanni 4 bayan Dating. 'Yar Mahalicci da aka yi nadamar wannan taƙaitawa fiye da sau daya. Steph bai bari ga Chagola da jikoki ba "don zana bouquets na ado, saboda an sayar da su, kuma ba da kyau ba, kuma ba da kyau ba da kuɗin matansa. Tare da wannan matar, mai zane ya rayu kafin mutuwa, ci gaba, rubuta bella koyaushe.
Mutuwa
Shahararren zane na fasaha ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1985 (shekara 98). Alakharovic, aka binne shi a hurumi na gida na yankin Santa-de-Valard Charnune.
A yau, aikin Mark stegal za'a iya gani a cikin gallereries na Faransa, Amurka, Jamus, Rasha, Belarus, Switzerland da Isra'ila. Suna girmama matsayin babban mai zane-zane da kuma cikin mahaifarsa: Gidan da ke cikin Vitbsk, wanda aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci, ya zama gidan kayan tarihin gida. Lovers na zanen kerawa kuma har wa yau na iya fuskantar wurin da ya halicci manzarsa Avant-gardana.
Aiki
- "Mafarki" (1976);
- "Cokali na madara" (1912);
- "Green masoya" (1917);
- "Auren Rasha" (1909);
- "Purim" (1917);
- "Musican" (1920);
- "Domin vava" (1955);
- "Mazaje a cikin rijiyar" (1981);
- "Bayahude na kore" (1914);
- "Mai siyar da dabbobi" (1912);
- "Itace na rayuwa" (1948);
- "Clown da Violinist" (1976);
- "Gadoji akan seine" (1954);
- "Ma'aurata ko Iyali mai tsarki" (1909);
- "Tropists Tropists da dare" (1957);
- "Yammacin abin da ya gabata" (1944);