Tarihi
Aikin Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy "yaƙi" yaƙi "yaƙi" yana haifar da tunani mai ban sha'awa daga masoya litattafan. Wasu suna karanta littafin cumbers baki da talauci, kuma ɗayan sojojin da su karanta duk aikin, don haka sau da yawa wannan littafin yana da ƙura a saman shelves na akwati. Wadanda suka sami nasarar karanta dukkan aikin daga cikin ɓacin rai zuwa ga ɓawon burodi, "Yaki da zaman lafiya" shine saman wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Bayan haka, Tolstoy ya sami damar nuna masu karatu ba kawai 'yan adawar da ba su dace ba, amma kuma wasu haruffa masu launi waɗanda ke da wasu fasali na yanayi.
Ana iya faɗi cewa Lev Nikolayevich, kamar Nikolai Gogol a cikin "Matattu rayuka," bayyana mutane psychotypes. Amma idan wasu maganganun suna haifar da girmamawa da kuma ambaton ƙaunar magoya baya (alal misali, drabo malfoy daga Harry Potter), saboda Helen Kurangin ba zai iya samun munafukai ba, to, Helen, Hear Kurangin da ba zai dace ba. Koyaya, a kowane hali, Lev Nikolaevich yana gabatar da masu tsara takardu da wannan halayyar ta kusa, saboda kawai mutane masu hankali suna koyo daga wasu kuskuren mutane, koda kuwa almara.
Tarihin halitta
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy yayi aiki akan aikin asali daga 1863 zuwa 1869. Da farko, novel ne ya gaya game da Wabnmu, wanda ya dawo tare da danginsa zuwa daular Rasha. Amma lokacin da marubucin ya fara tunani game da bayanin babban halayyar, ya koma matakin a shekarar 1812. Kamar yadda kuka sani, lokaci ne mai wahala ga Ubaland, saboda saboda gyaran Alepander Ina ci gaba da katangar yankin na Napoleon Budicis a Rasha, yakin kwantar da hankali ya fara.
Marubucin ya yi wahayi zuwa ga abubuwan da suka faru na shekarun da suka gabata har ma ya ziyarci ƙauyen Boronino, inda babban abin ya faru. Domin kada a ba shi daidaituwa da karfafa tunaninka ta hanyar gaskiya, da ilimin wallafen wallafen sun dogara ne kan ayyukan masana tarihi da kuma memoxists memox.
Halittar Sergei da Fyaodor Glinky, Mikhail Speransky, Augusta Mafarki da sauran marubutan sun fadi a hannunsa. Amma babban burin Tolstoy bai yiwa hassada sabani tsakanin da magoya bayan Rasha ko ayyukan kwamandoji da sojoji ba. Ya so ya nuna tunani da canza mutum a zamanin asarar da gazawar. Kayan aiki sun yi nasarar rubuta haruffa 550, amma masu karatu kawai suna tuna manyan 'yan wasan ne: Natasha Rostov, Andrei da Marin Bolkony, Helen da Anatol Kuragin.
Tari
Kodayake Lev Nikolayevich yana ƙaunar mafi ƙarancin fahimta don bayyana ko da, game da tarihin Helen Kuragation, Anti-riguna tare da bayyanar cututtukan, an ambaci bunƙasa. An san cewa yarinyar ba ta da shekara 25. Koyaya, mai karatu zai iya samun damar yin ma'ana mai mahimmanci bisa halaye na ban mamaki na wannan yarinyar: Iyayenta ba su yi ƙoƙari su ba 'ya aure ba.
Wannan matar tana da yanayi mara kyau na hali, baya godiya da ƙauna da lafiyar iyali; Duk abin da maza suke buƙata ta mutane su ne dukiya. Mahaifiyar Heranes ba ta gina kwallaye ba kuma wajen cimma duk arzikin kudi, domin ba a amfani da shi don aiki, amma mafarkin ya haskaka a Bala.
Saboda haka, kyakkyawa tare da idanu masu baƙar fata da farin ciki launi ba tare da wani reshe na lamiri a shirye ya canza taurarondan rayuwa kamar yadda safofin hannu ba ne. Abu ne mai tsabta na Natasha Rostova, wanda ba a shiryu da tunani ba, amma ta mai da zuciyar da zuciya. Daga makircin "yaƙi da zaman lafiya" ya zama sananne cewa Helen ya ɗauki shawarar hannun da zukata da wannan saurayin ya gādo daga mahaifinsa.
Bezukhov, karkatar da kyau da Helen, ya jagorance ta a karkashin kambi, kuma bayan wani lokaci da ya koya game da dolokhov, wanda yajin aikin Kurgin zai jefa safar hannu. Mai ƙaunar matar da aka ji rauni, amma ba mai mutuwa ba.
Bayan haka, yarinyar ta koya cewa "ƙaunataccen" yana so ya matsa zuwa birni a Neva. Helen baya yin fushi game da wannan saboda yana jiran ɗaya kawai - bangare na gado. Lokacin da Kurabina da kanta ke cikin St. Petersburg, ta kirkiro da wani hoton mace mai rashin himma, wanda "Sneaky" ya jefa masa madawwamiyar makomar rabo.
Ba ni da lokacin wannan jarumawar don manta bezuhov, kamar yadda na shiga cikin matsananciyar ƙauna. Ta dauki wani ƙarfi daga nasa "Group" drobetsky. Bugu da kari, lokacin da quantess ya juya ya kasance a Lithuania, ya fara dangantakar soyayya da saurayi. Amma a lõkacin da yake ƙaunatattunta ya zama wuri guda, ta faɗi cikin wani mummunan matsayi.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Tolstoy yana saka sha'awa don canza yanayin mutum da haɓaka na mutum, kuma halayen ya kamata ya sami rayuwa ta kowace hanya. Akwai jarumen jaruma waɗanda suka fahimci cewa halayensu bai dace da ka'idodin shari'a ba, kyawawan da hankali. Koyaya, tare da Helen Kuragin wannan ba ya faruwa, ita, kamar ba wanda ya nuna karin magana "kabari" humpbed zai yi daidai. "
Don fita daga cikin yanayin da aka ciki, yarinyar dole ta ɓoye tushen sa a ƙarƙashin hadayar. Matar da uwargidan da ta yi wa drobetsky, saboda haka ya kula da dangantakar aure da ta saba da aure, kuma ta yi alkawari, juyayi, ya yi, ya ɗauki Katolika. Daidai wannan tattaunawar aka gudanar da saurayi.
Tsakanin kyau ya fi dacewa da manyan manyan mutane biyu, amma ba a ƙaddara sha'awar ta cika ba, tunda a shekarar 1812 ta sha kashi cutar. Kurangin, wanda ba ya saba da amincewa da maganin Rasha, ya juyo ga Italiyanci Dr., wanda ya rubuta jarfa "mu'ujiza" na iya.
"Kowa ya san cewa rashin lafiyar countress ya faru daga cikin damuwa don yin aure a wasu miji biyu shine kawar da wannan damuwa," Lav Nikolayevich ya rubuta.Kodayake ba a ambata a cikin labari ba, wasu masu binciken suna tunanin cewa cuantas yana so ya zubar da ciki. Wasu kuma suka gabatar da juzu'i biyu na haifar da mutuwar Kuragini kar a yarda da tunanin katsewa da juna biyu. Sabili da haka, abin da Helen ya mutu, daga abin da Helen ya mutu kamar haka: ko daga yawan ƙwallon magani da Italiyanci da Italiyanci suka rubuta.
Actress da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo
Marjin ya kasance ga halittarsa ta zahiri kuma ya rubuta wani abokin aiki a kan bita a Aikin Athanasia fet a cikin wasikar:
"Ina farin ciki ni ... abin da zan rubuta irin 'yakin" ba zan taɓa zama ƙari ba. "Amma Lev Nikolayevich zai san cewa sabon labari "yaƙi da duniya" zai zama kayan abu don karburan fim ba kawai a Rasha ba kawai a Rasha, har ma a cikin Hollywood. Fim a cikin kuri'a na almara, zamuyi la'akari da ayyuka sanannu.
"Yaƙi da zaman lafiya" (1956)
A cikin 1956, "Masana'antar Mafarki" yajima da cinema na Avid na wannan sunan ga sabon labarin Tolstoy, da kuma fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar ruhun Rasha.
Abin lura ne cewa hoton ba ya banbanta da rubutun asali, amma yana biyan ƙarin kulawa ga aminci da cin amana, da kuma abubuwan da na sirri na manyan haruffa. Matsayin alamomi ya sami urress, marianne Ekberg, wanda ya raba fim daga Gidauniyar Henry, Audrey Hepburn, Vittorio Gassman da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (1967)
Darakta Sergey Bondaciukukukukukukukukukukukukuk ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga jerin fannoni masu cikakken tsayi game da wahayi na hangen nesa na USSR, ya yi farin ciki da masu sauraron Amurka tare da sabon harbi da shimfidar wuri mai tsada.
Yi aiki a kan wannan fim ɗin ya ɗauki shekaru shida, kuma bayan kai wa Hoton ya zama shugaban siyar da Soviet. Hoton helen yayi kokarin fitar da actress Irina ig. Sauran ayyukan da aka yi aikin Lyudmila Ashadav, Vyacheslav Tikhonov da sauran silima taurari.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (jerin talabijin, 2007)
Daraktan Austrian Robert Dogngelm gabatar da ga masu sauraro labari ne ta hanyar canza makircin.
Bugu da kari, masu kirkirar fim masu saurin motsawa suna motsawa daga canon, tare da rawar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, bayyanar wacce ba ta dace da bayanin manyan haruffa ba. Misali, Blonde Kugin ya taka leda chenhanta planchly.
"Yaƙi da duniya" (jerin talabijin, 2016)
A cikin hunturu, 2016 a kan BBC Tashar Tashar, da karbuwa da littafin Tolstoy a cikin tsarin-jerin fara watsa.
Mafi yawan makircin yana juyawa da alaƙar da ke tsakanin manyan haruffa. Middleton tappens an sake buga shi ga Anuhu mai lalata, kuma Paba Buckley, Jesse Buckley da Lily James.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Jerin Burtaniya "Yaki da Zaman Lafiya" sun taimaka wajan samar da aikin Rasha daga masu karatun kasashen waje. Dangane da littafin "Majalisar Data", mazauna London da sauran biranen da aka fara saya littattafan "yaƙi da Mira". Na mako guda, kantin sayar da littattafai sayar da kusan kwafin 3,500 na asali.
- Ba abin mamaki bane cewa bayan jerin 2016, aikin Tolstoy ya fara zama cikin buƙata. Bayan haka, mai kallo ya nuna ba zuriyar falsafar tunani da canza jaruma ba, amma makircin ƙaunar dangantaka.
- Bugu da kari, daraktan Tomper ya yi kokarin suttura 'yan wasan kwaikwayo; Yana da daraja tuna abin da ya faru, inda Andrei Bolkansky ke yi da baturin. Cinemaer shima ya canza halin Helen Kuragin, wanda ba ya yi kama da wakilin wata babbar al'umma, ƙidayar da kai a wuyan maza.
- Lev Nikolaeevich ya bayyana Loveaunar Platonic na Helen da Anatol, amma mai samar da jerin British Andrew Davis yayi kokarin sanya wadannan jarumai a gado daya. A cikin gaskatawa, za a iya cewa mahaliccin masu binciken masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa marubucin ya nuna a zahiri tsakanin ɗan'uwansa da 'yar'uwa.