Tari
Kadan a cikin duniyar mutanen mutane waɗanda ba su saba da sunan babban marubuci Gansa Andersen. A kan ayyukan wannan Jagorar alkalami, ayyukan da aka fassara zuwa ga yaruka 150 na duniya, ba mutane daya da suka girma. Kusan kowane gida, iyayen sun karanta yaran kafin lokacin kwantar da hankali game da gimbiya, wanda linzamin kwamfuta ya yi ƙoƙarin auren maƙwabta mai haɗama. Ko yara suna kallon fina-finai da majigin mutane game da Mermaid ko game da yarinyar Ki daga hannun sanyi tare da sarauniya na sanyi tare da Sarauniya.
Andersen ya bayyana daga Andersen yana da ban mamaki da kyau. Amma tare da sihirin da kuma gudu na rudu, da fantassies a cikin tatsunannu akwai tunanin falsafa, saboda marubucin an sadaukar da shi ga yara da manya. Mutane da yawa sukan hadada gaskiyar cewa a karkashin harsashi na rashin daidaituwa da salon saukin labarai, Andersen ya ta'allaka ma'ana, wanda aikin shi shine ya ba da mai karatu da ya wajaba.
Yaro da matasa
Hans Kirista Andersen (gabaɗaya ya yarda da haruffan Rasha zai zama mafi daidai fiye da Hans Kirista) a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1805 a cikin mafi girma na uku na Denmark - Abun banza. Wasu babbens sun tabbatar da Andersen - ɗan baƙon mulkin sarkin Kirista na Dania, amma a zahiri marubuci ya girma kuma marubuci ya girma kuma marubuci ya girma kuma marubuci ya girma kuma ya haife shi cikin iyali. Mahaifinsa, wanda kuma ake kira Hansman, ya yi aiki tare da takalmi kuma yana rage iyakar da iyakar, kuma mahaifiyar Anna Marie Andersdatter ya yi aiki a matsayin mai wanki.
Shugaban dangi ya yi imani cewa an fara cinikinsa: The kakar a kan layin na duniya ya gaya wa tabbacin kuma an kalubalanci kan lokaci. Game da dangi na Andersen da yawa jita-jita waɗanda har yanzu suna faranta hankalin tunanin masu karatu. Misali, suka ce kagan marubucin marubucin ne ta hanyar sana'a - A cikin gari an ɗauke su hauka, saboda mala'iku masu kama da mala'iku.
Hans-babban gabatar da yaro tare da adabi. Ya karanta kabarin "1001 dare" - Tales na gargajiya na gargajiya. Saboda haka, kowane maraice, ƙananan Hans tsoma cikin labaran sihiri na Shahryzada. Hakanan, Uba tare da dansa Adored ya dauki tafiya a wurin shakatawa a cikin kashewa har ma ya ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayon, wanda ya yi matukar damuwa da yaron. A cikin 1816, mahaifin marubucin ya mutu.
Duniyar ta gaske ta kasance ga Hans ta mummunar gwajin, sai ya girma da wani tunanin wani yaro, da juyayi. A cikin irin wannan yanayin tunani, Andersen ya zargi Layin Layin, kawai gaya Tumaki, da malamin, saboda a cikin waɗannan lokutan talakawa sun ɗauki makarantar tare da azabtar da ta'addanci.
Lokacin da Andersen ba su daɗa zama don halartar azuzuwan, iyaye sun gano wani saurayi a makarantar da ake yi wa yara talakawa. Bayan samun ilimi na farko, Hans ya zama ɗalibin koyarwa, to, ya binciki cikin matalauta, sannan daga baya ta yi aiki da masana'antar sigari.
Dangantaka da abokan aiki a cikin bita na Andersen, don sanya shi a hankali, bai riƙe ba. Ya kasance mai jin kunya da ƙarancin dariya, kuma sau ɗaya a ƙarƙashin Gogot gaba ɗaya daga Hans daure nasa wando don tabbatar da yaron. Kuma duk saboda a cikin yara marubucin ya mallaki muryar bakin ciki kuma sau da yawa rera yayin canzawa. Wannan taron ya sa marubucin ya dawo nan gaba ya shiga hankalina. Abokai kawai na saurayin sun kasance dollan katako, da Ubansa ya yi.
A lokacin da Hansa ke da shekara 14, neman rayuwa mafi kyau, ya koma Copenhagen, wanda a lokacin ne aka ɗauki "Scandinavia Paris." Anna Marie yana tunanin cewa Andersen zai je babban birnin Denmark na ɗan lokaci kadan, saboda haka an sake shi mai-ƙaunataccen ɗan tare da zuciya mai sauƙi. Hans bar gidan mahaifinta, saboda yayi mafarkin zama shahararren ya zama sanannen, yana son sanin batun wasan kwaikwayon da wasa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin tsari na gargajiya. Zai dace da cewa Hans saurayi ne mai hanci da wata gabar jiki, wanda ya karbi sunayen laƙabi "na alade" da "fitila mai ban dariya".
Hakanan, an zazzage Andersen a matsayin marubuci marubuci, saboda a gidan saurayin akwai wani wasan kwaikwayo mai wasan shafaffu tare da Rag "munafukai." A m saurayi da wani funny bayyanar halitta ra'ayi na garde duckling, wanda aka dauka zuwa Royal Theater daga tausayi, da kuma ba domin ya daidai mallakar soprano. A mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na sakandare. Amma ba da daɗewa ba muryar ta fara ta barke, don haka kundin kunya suna ɗauke da Andorersen da farko, ya shawarci saurayin ya mai da hankali kan wallafe-wallafe.
Jonas Collin, dan asalin mai kasuwar danish wanda ya jagoranci kudade a lokacin mulkin Frederick VI, ya kasance da tabbacin sarki ya ƙi biyan sarkin saurayi.
Andersen yayi karatu a cikin manyan makarantu masu martaba da Elsinor (inda take zaune a tebur ɗaya tare da ɗalibai, duk da cewa ba ɗalibin tashin hankali ba ne: Hans bai shawo kan Divilo ba kuma duk rayuwarsa Shin yawan rubutun mutum da yawa a cikin wasiƙar. Daga baya, mai labarin magana ya tuna cewa shekaru dalibin ya yi mafarkinsa a mafarkai na dare, saboda darasin nan gaba daya ya sani, Andersen bai so wannan ba.
Litattafai
A lokacin rayuwa na Kiristoci na noma, Andersen ya rubuta waƙoƙi, labarai, litattafai da ballads. Amma ga dukkan masu karatu, sunansa da farko hade da tatsuniyoyi - a cikin ofishin sabis na alkalami 156 suna aiki. Koyaya, Hans ba sa so lokacin da aka kira shi marubucin yara, kuma ya bayyana cewa ya rubuta duka yara maza da mata da manya. Ya kusanta cewa Andersen ya ba da umarnin cewa babu wani yaro ɗaya da ke kansa, ko da yake abin tunawa dole ne ya kewaye yara.
Hans An sami fitarwa da daukaka a cikin 1829, lokacin da ya buga labarin kasada "Hesy tafiya daga canal Holman zuwa gabashin tifman". Tun daga wannan lokacin, saurayi bai tashi daga gashin tsuntsu tare da inkwell da inkotectoci yana aiki da alamomin sa, wanda ya gabatar da tsarin manyan mutane. Gaskiya ne, litattafan, litattafan ruwa da ruwa da aka ba marubucin marubucin kaɗan - a lokacin rubuta shi kamar ana kiranta da rikicin kirkira.
Andersen sun yi karo da wahayi daga rayuwar yau da kullun. A ra'ayinsa, komai yayi kyau a wannan duniyar: da kuma petal fure, da kuma karamin kwaro, da cuil tare da zaren. Tabbas, idan kun tuna ayyukan Mahalicci, har ma da pod ɗin ko pod ɗin mai suna da tarihin rayuwar ban mamaki. Hans ya danganta ne da nasa fantasy kuma a kan dalilan 'yan kasa da kasa Epos, godiya ga wanda ya rubuta "Wuta", "Swansawa" da aka buga a cikin tarin "(1837) ).
Andersen ya ƙaryata don yin halayyar kasuwancin da suke neman wuri a cikin al'umma. Ana iya danganta wannan zuwa thumbals, da kuma Mermaid, da mummunar duckling. Irin waɗannan jarumai suna haifar da marubucin. Duk labarun Andersen daga ɓawon burodi suna imratisated tare da Ma'anar Falsophical. Yana da daraja tuna almara na sarki ", inda sarki ya nemi wucewa mutane biyu su dinka shi wani shiri. Koyaya, kaya ya juya ya zama da wahala kuma ya ƙunshi gaba ɗaya daga "zaren da ba shi da alama". Zhuliki ya tabbatar da abokin ciniki wanda kawai wawaye ba za su ga masana'anta na bakin ciki ba. Don haka, sarki yana shafar fadar a cikin wani tsari mara tsammani.
Shi da farfajiyarsa ba su lura da riguna masu amfani ba, amma suna tsoron jefa kansu da wawaye, idan sun yarda cewa mahaifiyar ta haihu. An fassara wannan tatsuniyar almara a matsayin misalai, kuma kalmar "da sarki ba tsirara!" shigar da jerin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su. Abin lura ne cewa ba tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi na Andersen ba sa fama da sa'a, ba a cikin duk rubutun marubucin ba, lokacin da aka tsara babban halaye, lokacin da aka gabatar da babban halaye (a ajiye, sarkin bazuwar. Kamar yadda aka ɗora dusar ƙanƙara), kamar dai a cikin Allah zai bayyana daga babu inda.
Hans muna son manya masu karatu don yin zane mai untopia, inda duk wanda ya sa wahayi zuwa ga wuta mai ƙarfi, sai ta yi Allah wadai da mutum mai ƙarfi har mutuwa. A cikin 1840, Jagora na feight na farko yana kokarinsa a cikin karamin karamin karamin abinci kuma yana buga tarin "littafin tare da hotuna", a 1849 ya rubuta littafin labari "baron baya". Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, littafin "zama" fitowa, ya fito, amma duk ƙoƙarin Andersen don kafa kansu azaman marubuci ne.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar sirri na ɗan wasan da ya kasa, amma marubucin da aka yiwa marubuci Anderenen ɗan asiri ne da aka rufe da duhu. Yana faɗi cewa a duk faɗin, babban marubucin ya kasance cikin rashin sani ga mata ko maza. Shawara ce wacce babban labarin ɗan luwadi ya kasance dan kishili (kamar yadda shaidan ya shaidar Episristama), ya rufe dangantakar abokantaka da mahimmancin sa na Weimar da kuma dan wasan Herward. Duk da cewa akwai mata uku a cikin rayuwar Hans, batun ba a ci gaba, ba don ambaton auren ba.
Shugaban farko na Andersen shine 'yar'uwar abokin aiki a makarantar Rerrore ta zama. Amma saurayin da aka zaba bai taba yin magana da abin sha'awarsa ba. Louise Collin - Amarya mai yiwuwa na marubuci - ya dakatar da duk wani yunƙuri don yin ladabi kuma an yi watsi da kwararar ruwan hoda. Yarinya mai shekaru 18 ya zabi Andersen wani lauya mai arziki.
A cikin 1846, Hans sun sha soyayya da mawallafin Mata lid, wanda, saboda zinging, Soprano da ake kira "Yaren mutanen Sweden Solovy". Andersen Karauseulil yana bayan al'amuran kuma ya ba da kyawawan ayoyi da kyaututtuka masu karimci. Amma yarinyar kyakkyawa ba ta cikin sauri don amsa mai juyayin tatsuniyar da ta sakewa, ta kuma gayyaci shi a matsayin ɗan'uwa. Lokacin da Andreeren ya gano cewa mawaƙa ta ba da mawakin Burtaniya Otto Goldshmidt, Hinsa nutse cikin baƙin ciki. Ciyarwar zuciyar mace ta zama muhimmin tsarin sarauniya ta dusar ƙanƙara daga wannan sunan labarin labarin labarin marubuci.
Cikin soyayya, Andersen bai yi sa'a ba. Sabili da haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa labarin labarin a isowar Paris ya ziyarci katangar jan fitilu. Gaskiya ne, maimakon canzawa da dare, Hasss sun yi magana da su, sun raba rayuwarsa da abin da takaici tare da su, raba dare. Lokacin da mutum ya saba da Andersen ya nuna masa cewa yana ziyartar gidajen jama'a ba a cikin nufi ba, marubucin ya yi mamaki kuma ya dube abin kyama.
Hakanan an san cewa Andersen wani mai aminci ne na Charles Dickens, marubutan kwararrun marubutan sun hadu a taron rubuce-rubuce da rubuce-rubuce da aka gamu da kararraki, wanda ya gamsu da caudar da countsington a cikin salon. Bayan wannan taron, Hans ya rubuta a cikin Diary:
"Mun je Veranda, na yi farin cikin tattaunawa da yanzu marubucin Ingila mai rai, wanda nake ƙaunar mafi."Bayan shekaru 10, mai labarin ya sake isa Ingila ya zo wurin da ba a ba wanda ba a gayyaci gidan da ba wanda ba a gayyaci gidan da ba wanda ba a gayyaci gidan da ba wanda ba a gayyaci gidan ba. A tsawon lokaci, Charles ya dakatar da wasiƙun da Andersen, kuma Dawakai da gaskiya ba su fahimci dalilin da ya sa duk harufunsa ba sa iya sauya.
Mutuwa
A cikin bazara na 1872, Andersen ya fadi daga gado, saboda ya buga bene, saboda wanda ya samu raunuka da yawa wanda bai taba komawa murkushe ba.
Daga baya, marubucin ya gano cutar kansa ta hanta. A ranar 4 ga Agusta, 1875, Hans sun mutu. Babban marubucin an binne shi a kujerar Copenhagenhagen.
Littafi daya
- 1829 - "Tafiya a kan Foothman zuwa Gabas Cape Islag Island"
- 1829 - "Soyayya a kan Towerva Dower"
- 1834 - "Agneta da Ruwa"
- 1835 - "Maimaitawa" (Fassarar Rasha - A 1844)
- 1837 - "kawai violinist"
- 1835-1837 - "Tashiyoyi, sun fada wa yara"
- 1838 - "Mai tsayayya da sojan da ke tsayayya da shi"
- 1840 - "Littafin tare da hotuna ba tare da hotuna ba"
- 1843 - "Nightingale"
- 1843 - "mummunar duckling"
- 1844 - "Sarauniyar Sandana"
- 1845 - "Yarinya tare da ashana"
- 1847 - "Shuwa"
- 1849 - "Biyaye biyu
- 1857 - "Kasance ko a'a"