Tari
Daya daga cikin manyan wakilai na makarantar sakandare na dabi'a ta faduwa ta shigo cikin littattafan Garkland, Stephen Calne da Frank Norris.
Marubucin da ya bunkasa manyan ra'ayoyin kirkirar zamani a cikin ayyuka, kan wani misalin wani takamaiman rayuwar ɗan adam ta yi nazari kan prexus na yanayi da kuma abubuwan zamantakewa. Kasancewa marubuci, direban bai manta game da batun "La'ananne na jiki ba, yana da tausayi ga jarumawa na halittunsa.
Yaro da matasa
Theodore Herman Albert direba aka haife shi ne a ranar 27 ga Agusta Agusta, 1871, wanda yake a tsakiyar Midwest na Terre-hot (Indiana). Sunyi da direbobi talauci. An dauki shugaban iyali don kowane aiki, amma kudi saboda abubuwan da yara tara suka rasa. A dangane da tsarin yanayin abin da ake ciki na kayan, marubucin nan gaba a ƙarshen makarantar barin gidan mahaifinsa ya tafi Chicago don samun kuɗi. Babu, ba jin tsoron aiki mai wahala, mutumin da ya yi nasarar aiki da tsabtace a cikin gidan abinci, da kuma mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin shagon, har ma da mai ɗaukar kaya.
A cikin 1889, saurayi mai ban mamaki ya sami nasarar yin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Indiya a Bloomington. Gaskiya ne, saboda karancin kuɗi, ba zai yiwu a kammala karatun cibiyar ilimi ba. A Neman rayuwa mafi kyau, direba ya tashi daga garin zuwa garin. Shekaru masu garkuwa da (daga 1892 zuwa 1894) Theodore ya sami damar ziyartar dan jaridar a Jaridar Pittsburgh
Litattafai
'Yar uwa roman "' yar uwa Kerry" ta ga hasken a 1900. A zuciyar makircin - tarihin yarinyar lardin Carolina (Kerry), wanda ke neman kyakkyawar rayuwa ta zo Chicago. A cikin aikin, ana bin diddigin dalilin Amurka game da marubucin Amurka a fili. Marubucin a cikin launuka sun bayyana ƙananan ƙananan wanda mutum zai iya zuwa don kansa.
Maɓallin Maɓallin Roman - Kerry da Maza biyu (Drie da Helarrit), wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, godiya, godiya ce, tausayi da ƙauna. Dukkanmu na uku ne kawai game da nasu fa'idodin kuma a kowane lokaci a cikin tagomashin bukatunsu suna shirye su bijirewa kawunansu.
Aiki na biyu - Jenny Gerhardt - aka buga shi a shekarar 1911. A cikin aikin muna magana ne game da cute, amma talakawa a matsayinta na cocin da yarinyar da aka azabtar da wadanda aka azabtar, wanda saboda ƙaunar da ke ƙauna ke shiga cikin halin abubuwan da ke cikin. A cikin 1912, farkon littafin daga cikin tricogy "so" an buga - littafin "ba da kuɗi". Aikin, wanda ya danganta da makircin da tushen tarihin Amurka Charles Yerinth, ya gaya wa masu karatu labarin rayuwar Frank Kauperwood.
Babban halin da aka haife shi ne a cikin dangin karamin ma'aikaci ma'aikaci, wanda, a wurin nasarar da ɗan girma, an shirya Chado ya yi aiki a kamfanin da ya yi aiki a kamfanin da ya yi aiki a kamfanin da ya yi aiki a kamfanin da ya yi aiki a kamfanin da ya yi aiki. An tabbatar a cikin kungiyar a matsayin dan kasuwa mai baiwa, Frank, bayan wani dan lokaci, ya tafi ya ci Philadelphia. A can, dillalin musayar jari ya kashe biyu na ayyukan nasara kuma ya zama miliyonavaaia. Sabuwar halin ya ba da ɗan kasuwa don shiga cikin da'irar manyan al'umman Philadelphia.
A cikin littafin, tare da bayanin yaudarar kudi, ana kuma gudanar da labarin na biyu, bayar da labarin rayuwar Kaunupood. Direban ya bayyana halin littafin littafin nasa ba tare da kafaffiyar kafa ba, ya rataye duka halaye masu kyau da mara kyau. A ƙarshe, ba kyawawa bane don yin bincike tare da ka'idodi gaba daya da ka'idojin hali a cikin al'umma mafi girma, baget datura frings ne.
Ayyukan da labari na gaba "Titan" na 1914 a Birnin Chicago. Ba shi da ikon zana binciken Frank ya dawo zuwa ga asalin Laraba na Maballin. Yanzu burinsa shine gas da kamfanonin sufuri. Genius na kudi ya zaɓi don kanta da hanyar fari da gingerbread. Jami'ai daya da yake cin hanci, da sauran tsoratarwa. Masu fafatawa, wanda bukatunsa da ya bukaci dan kasuwa, shiga cikin korafi dan kasuwa a cikin yaki mai zafi don iko.
Frank Kauintwood ya rasa yaƙin ya tafi cikin inuwa. A daidai lokaci, baƙar fata baƙi ya zo a rayuwar iyali na babban jarumi. Matar, wacce ta saci haɗin aure da yarinya, tana ƙoƙarin kashe kansa. Frank ya ceci aminci da kuma lallashe ta da shi zuwa London, inda, bisa ga tabbacinsa, za su fara sabuwar rayuwa.
Ayyukan almara na uku, waɗanda aka gama "stoik" (bayan mutuwar marubucin a cikin 1947) ya buɗe a babban birnin Faransa. Akwai, Kaunupwood yana aiki a cikin ginin layin metro. Duk da m tsufa, da Balowsman na rabo har yanzu yana kokarin sanya duk kudin duniya a aljihunsa. A wannan karon koda koda ya tsoma baki tare da shirye-shiryensa. Bayan wani ya firgita, mutumin da burin sa bai ba shi damar yin rayuwa mai farin ciki da kwanciyar hankali ba, da mutuwa da haihuwar mutuwa ta gaban laifin zunubansa ga zunubansa a gaban matarsa da farkawa.
Tsakanin littattafan littattafan "masu sha'awar" a kan qualta sun fito "Genius" (1915), "Masana na Amurka" (1925) da "Doctot" (1946). Rabin littafin tarihin "Geliat" yana gabatar da mai karatu tare da rayuwar ɗan Artist Yujina Vitla, wanda halayen sa ke canzawa lokacin da ya fada cikin matsakaici na bourgeois. Duk hanyar rayuwar Yujina, da aka bayyana a cikin labari, direban yana hannun shiga cikin matakai uku: matasa, gwagwarmaya, hargitsi. Labarin, da perativity da sha'awa, daga ƙauna ga mata da zane, daga nasarar da ba ta da ɗaci da faɗuwa, ba zai bar kowa da damuwa ba.
Wuri na na biyu ("bala'i na Amurka") shine ainihin abubuwan da suka faru a Amurka a 1906. Wannan samfurin za'a iya mika ma'ana zuwa kashi uku. A cikin mai karatu na farko ya san matsayin babban gwarzo na Clyde Griffiths, waɗanda, tare da danginmu masu tsabta, suna tafiya cikin biranen Amurka tare da mizeri na Amurka. Rayuwa a cikin talauci na saurayin saurayi zuwa duniyar tabbatar da iyayen da suka dauki aikinsu na koyar da hanya mai yawa kamar yadda mutane da yawa zasu yiwu.
Saurayi mutum, duk rayuka suna ƙoƙari don kyakkyawan rayuwa, ya sami kira zuwa otal din, inda sababbin abokai suka shiga cikin mutanen da ba su san kyawawan rayuwar Jehobah su yi karuwai ba. Nuhawar baƙi masu arziki masu arziki, wadanda suka kalli lokacin bikin, ba tabbas ya yi girma ba. Kashi na biyu na sabon labari yana farawa a cikin Chicago. A nan ne babban hali ya kudanci bayan abin da ya faru da shi a cikin gefuna na asalin abin da ba shi da kyau.
A cikin birnin masu girma, ya sadu da kawunsa, wanda ya ba shi aiki a masana'antar don samar da abin wuya. Griffiths ya yarda da tayin kuma nan da nan ya koma Likurg (New York). A kan samar da saurayi mai aiki tuƙuru a cikin mafi guntu lokacin da ya nemi ya karu. A daidai wannan lokacin, rayuwarta ta samu canje-canje. Ya fada cikin ƙauna tare da ƙarƙashinsa - Roberta - kuma, neman wurin da budurwa Mata, tana sanyawa zuwa ga sha'awa da ta dace a ciki. Sannan a rayuwarsa ta bayyana wani Asistorrat na ciki.
Na uku bangaren an sadaukar da shi ga masu jefa kuri'a tsakanin mawuyacin coquette da ƙaunar yarinyar da ya damu. Yanayin yana da rikitarwa da gaskiyar cewa Robert tana sanye da yaro a cikin zuciya, don haka shi ne cewa Clyde ba zai iya fita daga gare ta ba. Tarihin manyan makamai na dangin da ke cikin kwararar addini na Orthodox na Qthodox na Qua Sours a cikin littafin Barns an gaya a littafin Llot. Rikice-rikicen kabilanci masu alaƙa da la'akari da yara biyar shine layi na tsakiya na aikin.
Rayuwar sirri
Matar Farko ta Iiteta Genius ne Saratu Osborne White. Tare da babi mai launin ja, marubucin ya haɗu a cikin 1893. Sannan matasa mai ba da rahoto na jaridar St. Louis jaridar Repacklik Dracklik da aka ba da umarnin zuwa tare da Wadanda suka yi nasara a gasar "mafi kyawun malami" ga nunin bukatun na Chicago. Daga cikin kyautar ta kasance matarsa ta gaba. Sauƙi, kyakkyawa da kunya na yarinyar da aka kama marubuci. A cikin yanayin ƙaunar euphoria, an yaudare su biyu. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba bayan hakan, an fara karatun tuntuni a tsakanin sa da ƙaunataccen.
Al'umma na wannan lokacin sun yanke wa abokan hulɗa na zahiri tsakanin matasa wadanda ba su yi kamar dangantakarsu ba. Direban bai kasance kusa da irin wannan falsafar ba, amma farin magani ya yi imani da Cibiyar Aure kuma har zuwa lokacin da yake nuna cewa kusancin da zai faru ne kawai bayan bikin. A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1898, a Washington, Herman Teodore, direba da Saratu Washboren hade da auren halal.
Tun da marubucin ya kasance tare da wannan nau'in hankali, ya yi ƙoƙarin gabatarwa cikin wannan da'irar da Saratu. Yunkurin bai yi nasara ba: Yarinyar ba ta iya shakatawa a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da ita ba. Koyaya, wannan yanayin bai tsoma baki tare da mace ta tsinkayen mace don tsayar da halayen da ba a nuna ba na wakilan wannan al'umma ga mijinta.
An san shi da aminci cewa a cikin New York, Drass din yana da sauran mata. Da sauri ya ƙaunace shi da ƙauna da sauri. Don haka ya faru har zuwa lokacin a rayuwar marubucin, Telma Kudlipp bai bayyana ba. Telma 'yar ɗayan ma'aikata ce ta mujallar, editan wanda shine direban. Herman ya yarda da matarsa cewa ya lashe jin da ji. A cikin 1909 sakin su ya faru. Tuni a rayuwar rana, a cikin 1944, Theodore ya auri dan uwan Helen Richardson.
Mutuwa
Direban Theodore sun mutu daga gazawar zuciya a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1945 a Los Angeles (California).
An kiyaye galibin galitawar marubucin marubutan a cikin tarin littattafai da labarai. Baya ga wasu abubuwa, a cikin 1931 da 1951 a Amurka, Daraktan Joseph, da kuma George Stevens, ya danganta da labarin Reptaika "Transika balaguro". Ayyukan marubucin "Jenny Gerhardt" (1933) da 'yan'uwa Cake (1952) an kuma fusata.
Littafi daya
- 1900 - "yar uwa Kerry"
- 1911 - Jenny Gerhardt "
- 1912 - "Ba da kuɗi"
- 1914 - "Titan"
- 1915 - "Genius"
- 1925 - "bala'i na Amurka"
- 1946 - "Shiryawa"
- 1947 - "Stoik"
Faɗa
- "Farin ciki ya zo ga wanda ya san yadda zan jira."
- "Kuɗi da sauri gano rashin ƙarfinsu, da zaran sha'awar sha'awar mutum ya danganta ga yankin ji."
- "Mutanen da suke da zurfi da son juna, suna ɗaukar ɗan birgima."
- "Kada ku yi girman kai lokacin da kuke taimakon talakawa. Yi godiya da kuka gabatar da wannan damar. "
- "Babu wani abu da na har abada, ban da zuciya, kyautatawa mutum."
- "Duniya ta yi sanyi ta hanyar waɗanda ba sa shiga cikin mahaukacinsa."
- "Lokaci yana karfafa halayenmu, sha'awoyi da ji."
- "Ku yi kyau da kyau, sannan zaku cimma cikakken yalwatacce"
- "Albarka tā tabbata ga wanda aka bai wa, amma mai bayar."
- "Wauta ce ta ba da shawara ga mutanen da ba sa son yarda da su."