Tari
Mayakovsky a cikin waka yace:"Ku ci aban, harshen wuta, ranar ƙarshe ta zo, Bourgeois."An kirkiro manufar daidaito da kuma shafin yanar gizo a kan sararin samaniya na Soviet da aka kirkira ne ta hanyar samar da dalilan da aka san Jamus - Friedrich Engels da Karl Marx. Bari koyarwar kuma ta kasance Utopian, kamar yadda misalin abin bakin ciki ya nuna, amma waɗannan mutanen suka bar alamar a tarihi, falsafa da tattalin arziƙi.
Yaro da matasa
An haifi wanda ya kirkiro wanda aka haife shi da ɗan fari (9 yara suka girma a cikin gidan) a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1820 a cikin garin Barikin Wuya (Arewacin Rhoine-Westphalia, Jamus). An kawo dan siyasar dan nan a dangin samar da kayan masarufi na auduga, wanda ya fito daga daular da aka samu a cikin karni na 16, kuma an rarrabe ta da ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya a karni na 16, kuma aka rarrabe ta da ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya a karni na 16, kuma aka rarrabe ta da ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya a karni na 16.
Mahaifiyar Elizabeth Engels (HAR) ta fito daga yanayin yanayin da aka girmama da aka girmama da girmamawa, wata mace ce mai hankali, mai ilimi da baiwa. A kan babbar ɗa, Elizabeth yana da sakamako mai kyau. Engels-Sr. Shin mai imani ne, kamar iyayen sa, kamar yadda mahaifansa suka yi jingina ga Chietis, wanda ya tashi daga koyarwar Luterhood. Shugabannin ba da goyon bayan ba magatakarda ba magatakarda ba ne ta hanyar Lutherans, amma sun karfafa hira da Allah da takawa. Friedrich Jr., ya girma cikin yanayin addini, wanda ya dauki ikwararren Furotesta wanda ya yi mulki a gidan.
Amma yayin da Engels ya girma, sai ya fara ƙin da bangaskiyar ta kowane hanya zuwa kasancewar kasancewar kasancewar kasancewar: manctings suna ci gaba kowace shekara. Duk ya fara bayan saurayin saurayin ya sadu da halittun David Strass Strauss - mashahurin jama'a da kuma masanin kimiya. Bayan karanta mabuɗin "rayuwar Yesu", spengel sosai fara shakkar ra'ayin bangaskiyar mutum. A nan gaba, "damu" Friesrichich ya zama mai tuntuɓe tsakanin Uba da .an.
Tsarin na gaba yana da dangantakar dumi tare da kakanin na mahaifiyar Gernard Bernhard Van Harar, masanin ilimin sojojin ne don ilimi, wanda a lokaci guda ya kasance a cikin babban matsayi na mahalli. Gerghared ya gabatar da jikan tare da haske da bambancin duniya, musamman tare da tsohuwar Epic na Girka. Yaron ya kasance mai farin ciki "Ilia" Homer, inda ƙarfin Menoni ya shiga cikin takaddama da hannunta da zuciyar Elena. Matasa Friedrich da sha'awar labarun game da yakin Trojan mara lalacewa, wanda gwarzo na almara suka halarci, amma ga mutuwa.
Engels ya fara halartar cibiyoyin ilimi na gaba daya a cikin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta asali, inda Curel a kan litattafan likitanci a cikin kimiyyar lissafi da sunadarai, kuma sun nuna iyawarsa ga ilimin yare. Daga baya, Friedrich ya zama ɗalibi na Gymalium Elberfeld. A cikin kaka na 1837, an tilasta wa saurayin ya bar benci na mahaifinsa a cikin lamuran mahaifinsa, wanda yake so zuriyar zuwa sikitin da aka kirkira da kasuwancin iyali.
Friedrich yayi mafarkin samun ilimin jami'a na gida, amma ba zai iya yin biyayya ga nufin iyayensa ba, saboda haka ya fara aiki a cikin Engels-manya, ba sa hali ga kasuwanci. Idan mutumin yana da zabi tsakanin kasuwanci da rubutu, to, lalle ne shi, zai ba da fifiko ga ƙarshen. Friedrich Jr. Ya yi mafarkin littattafan da wloky, wataƙila ƙirƙira zai zama Goethe ko Schiller, amma ƙaddara ta yi gyare-gyare. Kodayake a cikin 1838th Engels, bayan duk, ya zama marubucin Ballads da ake kira "Ogeoins".
A cikin watan Agusta 1838, Friedrich, ba tare da katse shugaban iyali, ya ci gaba da yin nazarin shugaban kungiyar a cikin birnin Barke, wanda a arewa-yamma na Jamus. A matsayin ɗalibi, Engels sun sami ƙananan kuɗi, suna aiki a matsayin mai dacewa: Jaridar Augsburg "a ƙarƙashin jaridar Stutald Oswald. Friedrich ba sa son masu karatu su sani cewa ya tafi daga dangin jari.
Kyauta daga karatu da aiki a nan gaba na falsafa: Yasri daga wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, yi ƙoƙarin rabuwa, waƙoƙi da kuma rubuta mahimman labarai. Bugu da kari, engels wani mai son zabin wasanni: ya kasance cikin yin iyo da hawan doki. Friedrich ya dauke shi ta hanyar da ya kafa na wanda ya kafa na Christiis na Christiis da Sophiology na Yakubu Beme, amma wannan jaraba ta gajarta.
Bugu da ari, da Engel da suka fi so ya zama mai ilmin dabbobi da wa'azin Schleiermakhiver, wanda ya kasance mai haifar da eclectism kuma ya musanta mamayewa cikin addini. Sannan Friedrich ya fara nazarin rubutun na hukumomin Jamus, wanda ya nuna a kan wani muhimmin abu na Ruhu, da kuma game da addini, daidai ne, tarihi da fasaha.
A cikin 1841, Engels sun kai karon tsufa kuma ya nufi hidimar sojojin a Berlin, inda ya zama mai siye a cikin manyan bindigogi. Fredeerick ba kawai ya yi kawai ya yi halartar jami'ar babban birnin kasar ba, inda ya koma cikin laccoci kan falsafancin Heorge, amma kuma ya shiga cikin yardar George, amma bai dauke shi ba da kariya. Friedrich wani yanki ne na tsakiya tsakanin hagu da dama, saboda ya kare hegel daga harin da ke kare.
Markis
Engels da Marx Waneanction ya faru a 1842. Mutane biyu masu banƙyama sun hadu a Cologne, a cikin Ofishin Edita na jaridar. Da farko, Friedrich bai sa tausayi daga Marx, saboda Falsafofer ya yi sihrels zuwa gaƙoƙin ba, wanda yake da sabani. Bugu da ari, hanyar Engels ta biyo bayan Manchester, inda ya yi nazarin Azam na kasuwancin mahaifinsa. A cikin mafi girma birni na arewa maso Yammacin Ingila, Marjojin Marminai sun yi kusan kusan shekaru biyu. A cikin wuraren daɗaɗɗen wuraren da Burtaniya, Engellels sun hadu da rai da rayuwar mutane masu aiki, kuma wannan yana da tasiri mai tasiri a kan mai biyo baya.
A cikin 1843, Friedrich shiga cikin sahun 'yan juyin dan adam na Jamus, tare da wanda ya sadu a Landan. A wancan lokacin, Engels ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, inda aka buga aikinsa, a cikin jaridu da yawa, wanda Marx da abokinsa na Raga a Paris. Wani mai rubutu ya fara ne tsakanin abokan gaba na gaba, dangantakar abokantaka da ta fara girma, sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da tattauna da kuma tattauna ra'ayoyin falsafa na farko.
A cikin 1845, Engels ya koma zuwa ga kasarsu kuma ana karbar wasu don rubuta aikin kimiyya "matsayin aji mai aiki a Ingila". A lokaci guda, rikicewar friedrich tare da Uba ya fara. Engels-SR. Babu shakka bai fahimci ayyukan ɗan. Dan kasashin wani matsayi ba ya raba falsafar game da dabarun adawa da poletariat da bourgeoisie, wanda ɗan'uwansa ya yi matukar fond. Frederick ba wai kawai ya fara ƙaryata game da bayyanar da addinin, amma kuma har ila yau kuma matsalolin da aka baiwa yan sanda tare da 'yan sanda, wanda ya lalata sunan babban rubutu.
Gaskiyar ita ce aboki na Karl Marx bai yi wata-baya ba don bayyana ra'ayinsa da tattauna kwaminisanci a bainar jama'a. Saboda haka, masu tsaron doka suka sa kansu kusa da wani saurayi mai magana. Ba abin mamaki bane Marx kuma ya fara daidaitawa, duk da haka, tare da dokar Faransanci. A ƙarshe, alkalumman jama'a sun motsa zuwa babban birnin kuɗi na Brussels na Belgium. Sannan a cikin 1845, abokan aikin sun koma Ingila, inda cikin shekaru 2 sai suka karbi tikiti "Univungiyar FASAHA"
Bayan tallafin Marx da Engels a cikin sahu, an maye gurbin wannan wurin da ake maye gurbinsu game da "kungiyar kwaminisanci ''. Daga baya, an kawar da kungiyar bisa ga gwajin mahalarta goma sha daya a Cologne. A cikin hunturu, daga baya, masana falsafa suka koma Brussels, inda Kwamitocin kayan aikin da ake kira "Kwamitin Wakilin da ake kira" Kwamitin Wakilcin Mataimakin da ake kira "Kwamitin Wakilcin Mataimakin da ke tsakanin masu goyon bayan gurguzu.
Daga Nuwamba 1845, matasa sun fara aiki ne a kan mai girma "na Jamusanci", wanda ya zama mabuɗin mahalli da Falsafar Falsafar. Koyaya, marubutan ba su iya samun mai shela, don haka an buga littafin mai mahimmanci a cikin 1932 a Moscow da Social Democrat na Samaniya David Borisovich. Kodayake mafi yawan saba don tsinkaye Engels a matsayin inuwa kuma na biyu na Karl Marx, Friedrich sun bayar da gudummawa ga asalin fahimtar jaridar. Lenin ya ce:
"Ba zai yiwu a fahimci Markisanci ba kuma ba shi yiwuwa a kula da shi, ba m arewa da duk rubuce-rubucen Engels ba."Marx da Engels sun raba ka'idar poletariat, kuma sun tabbatar da bukatar ƙirƙirar jam'iyyar ta juyi. Ya kamata a ɗauka cewa daban da waɗannan manyan tunani ba za su cimma nasara ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Engels ya kasance mai mariƙin aiki ne ga hakkin azuzuwan aiki, a cikin aikin "liyafarsa" The Falsafel ya lura da mulkin mulkin mallaka. A cikin "Manifesto na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci", Engels da Marx sun dauki juyin juya halin dan adam a matsayin hanya daya tilo da ke cikin shafin yanar gizo da bourging.
Rayuwar sirri
Frederick Engels ya kasance mai ilimi mai ilimi mai hankali da kuma mai amfani da shi. Falsafa guda takwas sun mallaki harsuna takwas: Zai iya bayyana a Rasha, Fotigal, Irish da sauran yarukan. Juyin juya halin sau da yawa shirya jam'iyyun ga abokan tarayya na London da aka gudanar a kan Lahadi maraice. Wadannan taron sada zumunta galibi sun ƙare a cikin awanni 2 ko 3 da dare.
Wata rana Jenny dogon (Karl Marx) Dala Friedrich Dala Friedrich Dana Friedrich Dara Dala Friedrich Dala Friedrich Dala Friedrich Engels ya amsa wasu tambayoyi na yau da kullun. Don haka, abubuwan tarihin sun gano cewa gurguzu ba a yarda da ilimin tauhidi Charles Schide, amma karanta Shakespeare, Goethe da Jewa da Jinsi. A cikin mutane, falsafa yana ƙaunar halayen na gaisuwa, yaudara da masu girman kai. Hakanan an san cewa adadi na jama'a suna cikin rayuwa cikin sauƙi, amma, kamar kowace mutuwa, yana jin tsoron haƙori. Baya ga wasu abubuwa, Chegels adorar Margo 1848 zube, Irish Stew don abincin dare da Fox farauta.
Amma ga dangantakar soyayya, shugaban Maryamu da 'yar uwarta Lizzy Brriedrich sun hadu da kusan 1843. Engels ba sa son yin rayuwarsa ga jama'a, don haka game da makomar bayanan ƙaunataccen bayanin mai ban tsoro ne. An san Maryamu 'yar mai dyeer ne a masana'antar masana'anta ta kuma raba ra'ayoyin gurguzu na maimaitawar sa. Hakanan, da jita-jita, Maryamu ba ta daina shan abin sha mai zafi ba, daga baya sha'awarta ga barasa ta juya cikin giya.
Wasu masana kimiyyar suna haɗuwa da gaskiyar cewa al'ada mai cutarwa ita ce sanadin mutuwa ta ba tsammani. A cikin 1863, 'yan awanni kafin mutuwar Maryamu Friedrich, abokin adawar Friedrich, abokin adawar Friedrich, ya halatta dangantakarsa da tazarar da ta buga konewa. Bayan rasuwar matarsa, Echels fara dangantaka da 'yar uwarta - Lydia, karamin, wata mace mai hankali wanda aka sani da rashin lafiya. A cikin 1878, Lizzy ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya tashi cikin gado. Matar ta kasa murmurewa da nan da nan suka mutu. Kodayake Engels ya kasance mai ƙin yarda da Allah, ya girmama yadda ya ji addini na ƙaunataccensa ne, saboda haka ya kuma sanya hannu tare da ita a kan mutuwarta.
Mutuwa
A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1895, Grest juyin juya hali ya mutu. Sanadin mutuwa shine cutar kansa. An kame jikin mai falsafar. URN tare da ƙura an saukar da cikin teku a bakin tekun La Mansha.Yin girmamawa ga Marx da Engels, ana amfani da suna a wasu biranen Rasha, kazalika da Musa. A cikin 1985, bankin Tarayyar Soviet ya fito da tsabar kudin bikin ta hanyar nuna friedrich.
Littafi daya
- 1845 - "Matsayin aji mai aiki a Ingila"
- 1848 - "Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Manifesto"
- 1878 - "Anti-Dühring"
- 1883 - "Jigilar Dabi'a"
- 1884 - "Asalin dangi, dukiyar mai zaman kanta da jihar"
- 1886 - "Ludwig Feterbach da ƙarshen al'adar gargajiya na gargajiya"