Tari
Ba a yi tunanin Sir Waltter Sirott ana kiransa mahaifin Turanci ba, saboda wannan ingantaccen marubuci ya zama ɗayan farkon wanda ya zo tare da gayin tarihin tarihi. Rubutun maigidan maigidan maigidan da ke tattare da wasu ƙarni da yawa na 19th da 20 na ƙarni. Ya damu cewa ayyukan Walter Scott an fassara shi zuwa yankin daular Rasha a cikin 1829, a cikin 1830, a cikin 1830, a cikin 1830 da aka riga aka karanta da karfi a cikin mata da yawa da Ubangiji.Yaro da matasa
Shahararren marubucin an haife shi ne a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 1771 a babban birnin Scotland - Edinburgh, wani gari, wanda aka baiwa jan hankali, tikali. Mawallafin marubucin ya girma a cikin babban iyali na Presbytrobyter (akwai yara 13, amma shida ne kawai, waɗanda suka rayu a kan wani matakai a cikin wani matattarar Jami'ar.
Walter Scott ya tashi a cikin gidan Scottish Kwararru Lauya Yahaya. A sabi na dangi yawanci ana magana ne ga taimakon doka na abokan ciniki masu kyau, amma Walter-babba, da taushi ya kasa ciyar da jihar. Mahaifiyar marubuci, Anna Rutherford, shi ne 'yar mai takaici Farfesa da Magunguna wanda ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Edinburgh. Anna wani mace ne mai sauki, da karantawa da kuma dabarun tsantsa da labarai na tarihi. Wadannan halaye sun gaji ɗan.
Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi cewa yara na Mikiyya na gaba ya yi farin ciki: rashin cutar da ba tsammani ba ta zama kasancewar karamin yaro. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin da Walter ya cika a shekara da rabi, ya karye ta da karfin inna, don haka Yaron ya yi gwagwarmaya don rayuwa duk shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin 1775-1777, Walter ɗin ya yi wa Walat, ya kuma haifa masa gonar kakanninsu. Amma wannan rashin jin daɗi yana kama da kyakkyawan aiki a rayuwarsa, domin babban marubucin ya kasance Chrome har abada (rasa motsi da kafa dama).
A cikin 1778, saurayin ya koma zuwa asalin Edinburgh, ya fara halartar cibiyar ilimi. Walter bai yi farin ciki da darussan ba, musamman marubuci bai son hadadden rikice-rikice na Algebra. Amma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Scott ya tashi wani ɗan mamaki yaro ne: tuni yana da shekara biyar, ya karanta tsohuwar ayyukan helenanci na homer kuma ana iya fadada shi da sauƙin da za a gundura da zuciya.
Walter a cikin rayuwarsa ya shiga ilimi, da kuma benci na makarantar ba su bar wani bayani kan sanin marubucin ba. Bayan haka, har ma da lambar tsaro Conan Dyle ta ce kwakwalwar ɗan adam wani yanki ne mai fa'ida inda zaku iya cika komai. Waharar yana aikata shi: Dogon da ake so da kuma ba dole ba ne. Kuma a karshe, lokacin ya zo lokacin da gaske abu m ba zai girgiza a can ba.
Saboda haka, don zuwa wurin "attic", Walter yana sanya shi can kawai mafi amfani, kamar yadda suke faɗi, da gaske. Saboda haka, a nan gaba, da gaba mai kyau na da dole ilimi da ake bukata ya taimaka wa Scott rubuta kusan kowane darasi.
Dalibi Walter ya kasance mai kuskure, mai yawan fada da scuffle da kuma adored don gudana akan canji. Bugu da kari, Walter a cikin karya tsakanin darussan aiwatar da damar mai ba da labari game da makomar marubucin da kuma litattafan masu ban mamaki da aka tuna da manyan marubutan.
Hakanan a cikin shekarun Junior, Scott ya zama sananne ga ashin nan: Yaro na haɓaka ta jiki mai saurin shawo kan dutsen ko ƙarfin hali, ƙarfin hali da kuma kyakkyawan horo na wasanni. Lokacin da marubuci na gaba ya kasance shekara 12, ya shiga kwalejin. Amma cutar na baiwa ta sake yin gyare-gyare: Bayan shekara guda, matasa Scott ya tsira daga cikin gida na hanji, saboda wanda bai gudanar ya ci gaba da koyo ba.
A cikin dan kara fadakarwa, ba a ci gaba da maganin magani ba, da yawa daga cikin ayyukan kiwon lafiya na waɗancan shekarun sun dade da masu karatun masu karatun zamani har yau. Don kawo yanayin jiki zuwa al'ada, Walter Scott dole ya bi ta hanyar da'irar jahannama. Yaron da da yawa a cikin Lause a cikin Laus Claus, ya tafi hanyoyin tsarkake na jini, kuma yana zaune a kan m abinci abinci mai tsawo da kuma iyakance kansa a cikin abin da ya fi so. Bayan dogon magani, wanda ya dauki shekaru biyu, saurayin ya koma garinsu kuma ya shiga cikin zambukokin mahaifinsa, ya zama dalibi a ofishin shari'arsa.
Walter bai so wannan aikin a cikin iyaye na iyaye, takarda bluoko kawai ya kawo wa saurayin saurayi. Amma daga ayyukan yau da kullun suna ƙoƙarin amfanar da kansa: don tsardawar kwanakin muni, saurayin ya yi ƙoƙari tare da taimakon Inkwell da alkalami ya nuna a kan takarda mai ban mamaki a duniya. Hakanan, sake rubuta takardu daban-daban na doka, Walter ya sami ɗan albashi, wanda aka kashe a kan littattafan da aka fi so.
A wani sadaukar da iyaye, Walter ya zabi aikin shari'a. A cikin 1792, wani saurayi ya wuce jarrabawar a jami'a kuma ya karɓi taken mai kyau na lauya. Daga wannan gaba, an jera Scott a cikin al'umma tare da wani mutum wanda ke da kyakkyawar sana'a da ilimi.
Shekarun farko na rayuwar aikin Scott ya yi amfani da fa'idodi: tafiya a birane da al'adun wasu mutane da ballads na gargajiya da ballads na Scotland. Koyaya, irin wannan tafiye-tafiye sun shiga hannun da baitar novice kuma sun bayyana a cikin littattafan da yawa.
A lokaci guda, Walter ya fara nutse cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin duniyar Jamus: wani saurayi mai rawar jiki ya fassara kowane layin Mattrov. Fassara sun tafi incognito, ba da sunan marubucin da ba a bayyana ba, gami da sanannen aikin burger da ake kira zuwa ga Vasy Zhekovsky) da wasan kwaikwayo I. V. Goge "Getz V. V. Goge" Seetlikhingen "
Litattafai
Sir Walter Scott, kamar Franz Kafka, ba za a ɗauke ta a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin rayuwa ba, kuma sanya shi a hankali, Scott ya zama mashahurin rubutu ba tare da magana. Rubuta don Scott ba komai bane face aiki da aka fi so da nishaɗi, wanda ba kowa ke lura da kasancewa da kasancewa da kuma fenti a kan falo.
Marubucin litohon ya fi son zama cikin nutsuwa kuma yana auna, yana sadaukar da lokaci mai yawa ga abin da ya ƙaunace shi - dasa bishiyoyi. Tsarin rayuwar Walter Scott ya fara ne kawai tare da fassarorin, kuma daga waƙoƙi. Aikinsa na farko - Ballad "Yohanna" (1800) - an koyar da bayanan soyayya. Marubucin ya ci gaba da tattara masanin tarihin Scott, wanda ya danganta ne da a farkon rubutunsa na farko.
A cikin 1808, Walter Scott ta zama mai kirkirar magana akan sararin rubutu, ƙirƙira wani sabon labari a cikin ayoyi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Maromion". Abin mamaki, har ma da irin wannan mastot ne ƙirƙira saukad da tare da kai tsaye: Sanin-Yadda Scott ya raba shi da masu satar wuta a cikin Fluff da ƙura. Gaskiyar ita ce waɗanda ke dauke da kwalin Mattra: ana gajarta da ma'ana a cikin protagonist, da irin waɗannan halaye basu dace da gwarzo ba.
Francis Jeffrey ya yi magana cewa Fabul Mammon ne, mai wahala. Amma irin wannan liyafar marubuta ba ta shafi cigaban marubucin ba. Marubutan Rasha sun yarda da wani labari a cikin ayoyi tare da mang. Misali, Zhakivsky ta fassara bugun bugun scott a cikin halittarsa "Kotun zuwa Dungeon", kamar yadda ayyukan Walugu, wacce ayyukanta ta bude a cikin Caucasus. Kuma ko da Byron da kansa ya samo makircin "Mammion" kyakkyawa kuma yana amfani da wasu dalilai a cikin halittunsa masu yawa.
Scott ya ƙunshi ayyukan "tabkuna biyu (1810) da" Rockby "(1813), saboda wanda ya kafa tushen sabon salo - waƙa na tarihi. Haka kuma, marubucin, kamar Sharspeare, da fasaha gauraye a cikin kwalba da almara, kuma mai kyau. Don haka, labarin cikin ayyukan alkalami bai tsaya a wurin, amma ya koma gaba: Game da harafin haruffan da ke haifar da canje-canjen zamanin.
Marubucin adored karanta gothic da litattafan almara, amma bai shiga cikin magabata ba. Walter ba ya son amfani da wayewar kimiya, a kashe wanda Edgar software ya shahara, kuma ba sa son ya zama marubucin "ayyukan zamanin". A cikin ra'ayinsa, Archaisms da yawa suna zama mai karatu mai rarrabawa ne na mai amfani da fadakarwa.
Kodayake Walter Scott daga haihuwa yaudara mai rauni, da mummunan gani, ya yi aiki sosai kuma yana aiki don ƙirƙirar akalla littattafai biyu na shekara. Gabaɗaya, maigidan na alkalami a rayuwarsa ya yi nasarar kafa litattafan 28, da kuma ballads da yawa da sauran ayyukan kirkira.
Ayyukan marubuci, irin su Puriyawa (1816), "Appole" (1823), "Rayuwar Bonapartte" (1823), "Rayuwar Bono ta Napoleon" (1827), da yawa Wasu kuma sun zama Baibul na tebur don marubutan shekaru masu zuwa. Misali, arlotte brondan, arthur Conan Doyle, Byron, Jane Austin da sauran adadi na rubuce-rubuce na zamani suna dogaro da waɗannan rubutun.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar sirri ta Scott tana da hankali. A cikin shekaru 20, Walter a cikin kirji da farko ya fara ƙin kararraki na Cuge: 'yar mai laƙabi, wanda ya kasance ƙarami fiye da na shekaru biyar. Marubucin na shekaru biyar sun sami juyin kula da juna daga wannan yarinyar mai iska, wacce ta ɗauki Cavaler ta haifar da ƙurarsa da amsar da ba ta dace ba.
A sakamakon haka, Villasa ta zabi wa Walter na wani saurayi - William Fores, ɗan mashahurin banki. Loveaunar da ba a bayyana ba ta zama buri don marubucin litattafan litattafan litattafai, amma a lokaci guda ya ba da sabbin ayyuka, waɗanda suke motsawa jarumawa ne da ƙawane.
A shekara 1796, marubucin ya auri kafinta na Carlotte, wanda ya ba ƙaunataccen 'ya'ya huɗu -' yan mata biyu da yara maza. A rayuwa, Walter Scott ba ta son barazanar amo da kuma rashin daidaituwa da yawa, wanda aka yi amfani da sabon labari a aya da ake amfani da shi don ciyar da lokaci, kewaye da mutane da ƙauna. Kuma har ma fiye da haka Walter ba Donzhuan ba: wani mutum raince da mahimmancin mahaɗan a gefe kuma ya kasance ƙarshen matar.
Shahararren masani na gashin tsuntsu yana son dabbobi, kuma yana jin daɗin gidan. Scott ne mai ban tsoro, ba tare da wani taimako ba, ya rataye ƙasar Ebbasford ta hanyar saukar da launuka da itatuwa da yawa.
Mutuwa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan na rayuwa, lafiyar marubucin ya yi wa marubucin da marubucin kai, Walter Scott ya tsira da nasarorin da apopyXic. Kuma a cikin kaka ɗan shekara 1832, babban shugaba mai shekaru 61 ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya.
A cikin tunawa da marubucin, an kafa gumaka, kazalika da takaddun bayanai da finafinan zane-zane.
Littafi daya
- 1808 - "Maromion"
- 1810 - "Devi Lake"
- 1811 - "Wayewar Don Roderika"
- 1813 - Rokby
- 1815 - "Filin Waterloo"
- 1815 - "Island Islands"
- 1814 - "Waverley, ko shekara sittin da suka wuce"
- 1816 - "Puriyawa"
- 1820 - "abbat"
- 1823 - "Quntin Dorvard"
- 1825 - "Talisman"
- 1827 - "Hannun Wuce, biyu"
- 1828 - "Room tare da tefstries"
- 1829 - "Karl Bold, or Anna Gereskerinskaya, orna Mraka"
- 1831 - "Kidaya Robert Paris"