Tari
Ivan Franco wani fitaccen na Ukrainian Bellet, mawallafin, ɗan kasuwa da masanin kimiyya. Al'adar gargajiya tana da girma, kuma tasirin a al'adun gargajiya yana da wuya a wuce gona da iri. A shekara ta 1915, an sa marubucin a kan kyautar Nobel, amma har sai da manidindin, da canjin FRANCODY bai kai mutuwar rani ba.Yaro da matasa
Nan gaba na gargajiya na wallafe-wallafen da aka haife shi a cikin dangi masu arziki. Kai ma na Galiman zai iya zama mai ban tsoro na Galiv Franco - da kudi don tsohon kasuwanci, da maria - Marama Kulchitaya - ya kasance daga "daraja". Murmi mai shekara 33, wani mace daga cikin talauci Rusin-shroves ya tashe yara. Shekarun farko na rayuwar da ake kira farin ciki.
Lokacin da Ivan Franko ya juya ya zama shekara 9, Uba ya mutu. Mama ta yi aure a karo na biyu, mahaifi sun maye gurbin 'ya'yan Uba. Tare da Ivan, ya kafa mata ta duka rayuwarsa. A cikin 16 Ivan ta zama maraya: bai sanya uwaye ba.
A cikin makarantar DroHobych, a Katolika na Katolika, Ivan shi ne mafi kyawun dalibi: malamai da suka kira shi makomar wurin farfesa. Guy yana da ƙwaƙwalwar mamaki - laccoci da aka ambata a zahiri, kuma Kobzar ya san zuciya.
Franco ya san Yaren mutanen Poland da Jamusanci, sun karanta tarihin Littafi Mai Tsarki, yana karanta litattafansu da kimiyyar halitta. Samun kuɗi tare da koyarwa, gidan motsa jiki Ivan Franco ya yi nasarar tattara ɗakin karatu daga littattafan Semi-Tech. Sanin ƙasashen waje, ya yaba da asalinsu na Yukren, wanda aka tattara da kuma rikodin tsofaffin wakokin da aka rubuta, almara.
Ivan Franco ya rayu a cikin kyakkyawan dangi, wanda ya mallaki kasuwancin mai cinikin a cikin Drophobych. Hakan ya faru cewa saurayin yana bacci cikin wani abu mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki (labarin "a cikin jikina"). A lokacin bazara, makomar gargajiya na littattafan da ke da dabbobin Ukraine a Nagueichi kuma ta taimaka wa 'yan kunne a fagen. A cikin 1875, Ivan Franco ya karbi takaddar da girmamawa tare da girmamawa da kuma shiga Jami'ar Lviv ta hanyar zabar baiwa falsafancin Falsafar.
Litattafai
Escok na farko da aka buga Ivan Franco a cikin Journal Journal Fridu "aboki", godiya gare shi ya juya zuwa wani rukunin juyin juya hali. Donoms na marasa aminci da kuma bawan sun kama wani labarin Ivan Franco da kuma membobin Edita "aboki".
Franco wanda aka la'anta na makonni shida, amma 'yantar da bayan watanni 9 (8 watanni ke jira ga kotu). An sa saurayin a ɗakin kwana ga masu laifi, matalauta, waɗanda talauci ya tura cikin laifukan kabari. Sadarwa tare da su shine tushen rubutun ayyukan almara, wanda, bayan 'yanci, Ivan Franco da aka buga a cikin Edition Editest. Labarun '' sake zagayowar '' ake canzawa zuwa harsunan kasashen waje kuma ana ambace su mafi kyau a cikin gado na marubucin.
Bayan barin littattafan yarian, Ivan Franco ya fuskanci dauki na ra'ayin mazan jiya: "Mai aikata laifi" ya juya baya da mutane da rusophiles. Daga jami'a, an kore matasa. Wani matasan juyin juya halin tare da ra'ayoyin gurguzu sun sami kansa a cikin Avant-gargajiya na mayafi tare da masarauniyar Austrian. Tare da abokin M M. Pavlik aka buga mujallar "Abokin Jumla", inda ya buga waƙoƙi, essays da na farko surori na labarin "Boa angelrictor".
Ba da daɗewa ba 'yan sanda suka kwace littafin, amma Ivan Franco ta sake farfado da mafita a karkashin wani daban, suna da ke magana da shi - "Bell". Mujallar buga wasikar ta Fasahar Franco - "Masonry" ("Kameenarі"). Kuma sake kwace da canza sunan. A cikin fitowar mujallar ta hudu da ta ƙarshe na mujallar, da ake kira "guduma", Ivan Yakovlevich ta buga ƙarshen labarin da waƙoƙi.
Ivan Franco ya ba da mujallar mujallu da kuma broitresages na karkashin kasa tare da fassarorin ayyukan Charles Marx da Friedrich Edgels, wanda gabatarwa ya rubuta. A cikin shekarar 1878, jadawalin Tali Mananar Juya hankali ya shugabanci ta hanyar mujallar "Pracac"), tana jujjuya sashin lardin a cikin littafin ma'aikatan Lviv. A wannan shekarun, Ivan Franco ya fassara waƙar Heinrih Heine "Jamus", "Baron" Jamus Gobon, "Borislav yayi dariya".
A cikin bazara na 1880, a kan hanya zuwa Kolomyu Ivan Franko, an kama shi na biyu: dan siyasa ya sauka a gefen karbar takara, gwamnatin kasar Austria ta jagorance shi. Bayan za a zauna a wata uku a Ivan Yakovlevich, amma a kan hanyar zuwa ƙauyen mai ƙarfin hali, sai ya fada cikin jakar kurkuku a Droourbych. Ana gani ya zama dalilin rubuta labarin "a kasa".
A cikin 1881, Ivan Franco ya wallafa mujallar duniya, wanda ke buga labarin "Borislav yayi dariya." Masu karatu ba su ga shugabannin ƙarshe na aikin ba: mujallar da aka rufe. Poems Ivan Franco ya dauki mujallar "haske". Daga cikin waɗannan, tarin "daga kololuwa da lowline" ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Bayan rufe "Haske", an tilasta marubucin da zai samu, buga shi a cikin littattafan mutane. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, sanannen labarin "zakhar Berkut" ya fito a cikin mujallar "Zyarda", amma ba da daɗewa ba hadin gwiwar marubucin tare da "Zyarda" ta daina.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1880s, don neman albashi, Ivan Franco ya zo nev sau biyu zuwa Kiev, kudade masu sassaucin ra'ayi daga bugu na mujallar sa. Amma kudin da aka yi alkawarin ba a Ivan Yakovlevich, amma a cikin edita na Zari. A cikin bazara na 1889, ɗaliban Rasha sun isa Galia. Tare da su, Ivan Franco ya hau kan hau kan kasar, amma ba da zaran kungiyar da aka kama ba, an zargin Franca daga Austria daga Austria da niyyar shiga Rasha. Watanni biyu bayan haka, an saki dukkan rukunin kungiyar ba tare da fitina ba.
A farkon 1890, Franco ya rubuta wani rubutun dabi'a, yana shan wa'azin Taraas Shevchenko a matsayin tushen. Amma Jami'ar Lviv bai yarda da tarihi ba don kariya. Ivan Yakovlevich Anadde da hadin tarihi a Jami'ar Chernivitsky, amma ya musanta shi a can. A cikin kaka na 1892, marubucin ya tafi HAU Boniena, inda ya rubuta wa labarin labarin ruhaniya Number. A cikin shekara guda a Austria, Ivan Franco ya ba shi mataki na likita na falsafa.
A cikin shekarar 1894, bayan mutuwar Ma'aikatar Kisho, Farfesa Ogonovsky, ya jagoranci ta sashen wallafe-wallafen Belika, a Jami'ar Lviv, tana kokarin daukar wurin da ba komai. Labaran gwaji ya haifar da babbar matsala tsakanin ɗalibai, amma a Sashen Ivan Yakovlevich bai ɗauka ba. Zuwa ga bikin shekara 25 na Evan Franko na Ivan, wanda marubuta da matasa da matasa da matasa na Ukraine ", tarin waƙoƙi" na izmalagd "ya fito.
Juyin juya halin 1905 a Russia ya haifar da yada wani marubuci, ya amsa da abin da ya faru da taken "Musa" da tarin Poems ", wanda ya hada da waka".
A farkon kungiyar 1900 ta hanyar Ivan Franco tare da 'yan kishin kasa na Ivan Franco tare da' yan kishin kasa ta Ukrainian, a kan wanda Mikhail Grshehevskes, kai. A cikin 1907, wani yunƙuri ne ya jagoranci sashen a Jami'ar Lviv sau ɗaya sake ya kasa: Bayanin Franco bai ma yi la'akari da shi ba. Tallafi ya zo daga Kharkov: Jami'ar ta bajevlevich matsayin Dr. Littattafan Rashanci. Marubucin da masani a Rasha da Pridprovrovskaya Ukraine an girmama Ukraine.
Ivan Franco, kamar magabata da na magabata da na zamani, akai-akai magana da tauhidi, littafi mai tsarki. Fassarar marubucin ɗan adam na Kirista shine asali. Mafi girman samfurin shine aya "labari na rai madawwami."
A shekara ta 1913, marubucin ya lura da bikin cika shekaru 40 da kerawa, amma an dakatar da bugu na jubilee saboda yakin da ke sama. Da yawa daga Prisaic da waftozan essays Mattra da aka buga bayan mutuwarsa.
Gabaɗaya, Ivan Franco ya rubuta fiye da dubu biyar. Lissafi idan aka kwatanta shi da manyan mutanen Renaissance, da ake kira "Biyar Astral Jikin Dankara da Ukraine." Amma magana game da rayuwar litattafan karatu na Ukraine, galibi suna tuna zancensa: "Suna zaune kamar alloli, masu kisa, da muni fiye da PSA talakawa suna rayuwa."
Rayuwar sirri
Tare da matar Olga ta gaba, marubucin kasar Sin ya gana da Kiev a tsakiyar 1880s. Ivan Franco ba mutum ba ne kyakkyawa: Mai-daƙarin gaske, tare da Eyese. Ya jawo hankalin mata tare da eru mai ban mamaki, ra'ayoyi masu ci gaba da ilimin encyclopedic. Olga kyakkyawa na son Galichin. Cautons na dangi da abokai da wani saurayi nasa ne ga wani da'irar, bai haifar da komai ba. Ivan Franco ya makara ga bikin aure: sanya karar bikin aure, an karanta shi a kan wani ɗan ƙaramin littafi a cikin ɗakin karatu.
Matsar da Kie ta zuwa babban birnin Galicia bai kawo farin ciki ba: Shahararren Lvivyanki ya kira Olga "Moskelyiki ta kira Olga" Moskelyki ", wata budurwa ta sabawa kokarinsa, ba ta iya zama nasa. Dangi wanda yara huɗu suka bayyana ɗaya bayan wani, da kuma bukatar kuɗi. Ivan Franko bai dauki wani aiki ba, 'yan sanda da iko, kirkiro kawo kudin shiga.
'Ya'yan Andresi,' ya'ya, da Bitrus da 'Yarsa Anna ku karanta tatsuniyar' yan'uwa Grimm, Ivan Yakovlevich suna ɗaukar su da Jamusanci. A cikin ƙauyen ƙasa na Franco, ya kori yara a cikin gandun daji da kan kogin. Olga, saita yaran suyi bacci, an fassara shi daga Jamus da Faransanci, ya rubuta labarai don Almanachs, tattauna da rubuce-rubucensa da mijinta. Amma matsalolin rayuwa da talauci sun lalata m pystyche - Olga Olga ta nuna jingina don jingina ga fashewar juyayi.
A shekarar 1898, Ivan Franco ya karbi kyautar ta kasa. Don waɗannan kuɗin, Olga ya kara da ragowar daga sadakin kuma ta dauki ginin gidan da Lviv. Amma ba zan iya rayuwa a cikin sabon gida cikin farin ciki ba. Rashin hankalin mutum na Olga ya tsananta, rikice-rikice na juyayi da kuma fashewar da suka fara a Ivan Yakovlevich. Rage na karshe shi ne mutuwar babban dan Andrei a watan Mayu 1913, Olga ya fadi a cikin asibitin tabin hankali.
Mutuwa
Watan da suka gabata na rayuwar Ivan Franco ya rayu a cikin tsari na Schieciekov: marubutan sun kasance masu ba da taimako. Har zuwa bikin shekara 60, Franco bai tsira daga watanni 3 ba. Ya mutu cike da kaɗaici. Son Taras cikin zaman talala, Bitrus ya yi yaƙi, 'yar Anna ta yi aiki a asibiti Kiev.
Marubucin ya mutu a gida: Franco ya tsere daga tsari a watan Mayu 1916. A wannan shekarar, an zabe shi ga kyautar Nobel, amma an ba da shi da rai. Babu masani da marubuci a ranar 28 ga Mayu. Binne shi a cikin Lviv Lychakovsy hurumi.
Littafi daya
- 1877 - "Tufafin mai zunubi"
- 1880 - "A kasan"
- 1882 - "Zakhar Berkut"
- 1882 - "Borislav yayi dariya"
- 1884 - "Boa angerrictor"
- 1887 - "Lel da Fillas"
- 1887 - "ysri zelepuga"
- 1890 - "M Mikita"
- 1891 - "Kasadar Don Quixote"
- 1892 - "sace farin ciki"
- 1894 - "ginshiƙan kamfanin"
- 1895 - "a Abu Casimov takalma"
- 1897 - "Don Heart Home"
- 1899 - "mai" mai "
- 1900 - "Giciye hanyoyin"