Tari
Yariman Moscow Ivan i Danilovich Kalita ya zama sananne a tarihi a matsayin mai mulkin diflomasiya, ya fadada yankin na mizani. Ya kafa dangantakar da ke da ita. A shekara ta 2001, Ivan Kalitu ya gina cikin fuskar gidajen tsarkaka Moscow.
Yaro Ivan Kalita, aka haife shi a Moscow, ba abin mamaki bane ga masana tarihi. Ya kasance talakawa Yunet, ya girma a cikin dangin Yarima Dani Dani Dani Dani Dani Dani Danille Alexandrovich da matar mai mulkin. Tunanin yaro, yaron kullun ya ji labarun game da Tatars, wanda sannan ya hare hare-hare a Rasha. Da yawa dattawa sun dandana tsoro. An mika wani mummunan ji da rashin dadi ga kadan Ivan, da more ko da a farkon yaro yaro ya shaida wa seizure na Moscow.
Tun da mahaifinsa bacci, mahaifinsa ya gaya wa madawwamiyar madawwamiyar gaskiyar abin da ke faruwa a jihar. A cikin shekaru 3, an sanya yaron a kan doki kuma ya fara horar da doki. Nan da nan bayan wannan bikin, an tura yaron ga masu kula da mutum. Malaman basu da hankali sosai ga kayan tarihi na jirgin, kamar Yariel Daniel Moscow ya so gani a kai Ivan, ba babbar ɗa na Yuri ba.
Ivan Kaliita ya yi tafiya da himma da shari'a da ta bambanta da ɗan'uwansa, wanda aka rarrabe shi da yanayin rashin tabbas, mai kaifin yanayi. A 1303 Daniyel ya mutu. Za'a tambaye Yuri mai shekaru 21-shekara 21 da haihuwa, da kuma Ivan mai shekaru 15 ya zama mataimaki zuwa yarima. Yayin da dattiu ya tashi, Ivan ya kare pereslavl. Hanya mai wuya, kyakkyawan shiri ya taimaka wajen rayuwa, duk da karamin sojojin.
Tattaunawa ta diflomasiyya tare da Khana ta haifar da mummunan sakamako. A lokacin tafiya zuwa Horde Horde, an kashe sabon shugaban. Jariri ya wuce, kamar yadda Daniel Moscow, ƙaramin ɗan - Ivan Kalita.
Jikin mai mulki
Ivan Kalita wani sarki ne wanda ba a saba ba. Tun daga ranakun farko, da yariman bai cinye sabbin yankuna, amma ya fara inganta Orthodoxy. A madadin mai mulkin daga Vladimir, aka dakatar da gidan Metropolitan daga Vadimir. Don haka, garin ya zama babban birnin Rasha ta Rasha. Hukumar Moscow ta karu.
Matsaloli tare da rarraba ƙasa ya fara ne a cikin 1327, lokacin da mutane suka yi tawaye a cikin TOL, kuma daga baya suka kashe jakadan Orna. Ivan Kalita ya tafi Khan, wanda ya ba da alama ga mai mulkin zuwa babbar ƙirar. Tare da Suzdalians, yariman Mowed tver, yayin da Alexander Mikhailovich t wovgoroped daga yiwu (daga baya samu a PSKov).
Bayan shekara guda, Khan Uzbek ya yanke shawarar raba sarakunan da ke tsakanin Ivan da Alexander Vasilyevich Sozdal. Novgorod da Kostromoa koma zuwa Kalita, da Yarima na biyu shine Novangorod Novgorod da gorodets. A cikin 1331, Alexander Vasilyvich ya mutu, kursiyin Konstantin. A wannan lokacin, ƙasan yankuna suna ƙarƙashin gimbiya Suzdal sun koma Grand Duchy.
A lokacin daga 1328 zuwa 1330, Ivan Kalita ƙarasa biyu m aure - 'ya'ya mata aure Vasily Yaroslavsky da Konstantin Rostovsky. Kungiyoyi suna da amfani ga mai mulki, tun da ya mutu ya wuce zuwa ga yarima. Tashin hankali tsakanin Moscow da Novgorood sun kai kololuwa a 1331.
Rikicin ya fara ne da ƙi, metropan benropolitan don sanya Akbishop na Novgorod arsenia. Post din ya ba da labarin Vasily. A wannan lokacin, Kalita yana nuna buƙatun don biyan kuɗi ta Dani. Rarraba yana kaiwa cikin ruhun mai mulkin - an gabatar da sarkin tare da sojoji a cikin ƙasar Novgorod. Ba ta zuwa ga tashin hankali ba, kamar yadda Ivan ya shirya warware batun duniya.
Halin Kalita, wato, da ɗan Gedmon, 'yar Gedim, ta damu da tsoron Novgorod. Shugabannin sun yanke shawarar aiki: Gayyatar ta biyo bayan gayyatar Narimunta, wanda aka bai wa sansanin kwayoyi, Ladoga, Korogolis, rabin Corganos. A cikin dawowa, Alexander Narimuntovich ya zo don gyara, yayin da tsohonsa ya zauna a Lithuania. Taimako daga irin wannan ƙungiyar Novgorod bai jira ba. Marmaist bai zo don yaƙi da Swedes da kuma cire Sonan ƙasashe ba.
Sai kawai a cikin 1336, bayan Metroolan Fitrovolitanut ta shiga tsakani, duniya ta zo tsakanin Novgorod da Kalita. Prince Ivan ya karbi kyautar da ake so da taken Novgorod shugaba. Gedimine tayi kokarin daukar fansa a kan tudu na Novgorod domin duniya tayi alfahari da Moscow, amma ya taba farawa.
A cikin 13337, Alexander Toton, tare da ɗansa ya yi. Khan ya yarda da wannan yanke shawara bayan kasan Ivan Kalita. Ba da daɗewa ba, yariman ya dawo Moscow. Ta hanyar mai mulkin, an cire kararrawa daga Ikklisiya na St. Mai Ceto kuma an kwantar da shi ga babban birnin. Kalita a ƙarƙashin 'yan'uwa Alexander Mikhailovich.
A cikin tarihin game da Kalalita akwai yawancin kamfen da yawa daga cinyayya da shugabannin koyo. A 1339, an aika sojojin Moscow zuwa scolensk saboda rashin yarda don biyan haraji ga Horde. Rikici tsakanin Novgorod da Moscow sake. Ba zai yiwu a warware takaddamar Ivan ba har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa.
Ana kiran manufar Ivan Kalita. Yarima a kan yankin Moscow ta gina masu haikuka da dama: Mai ceto Cathedral akan Bor, arkhangenky cathedral, Ikklisiya na John Rarraba. A lokacin mulkin (daga 1328 zuwa 1340), sabon Moscow daga itacen oak yana jan Kalamita. Mai mulkin ya ƙunshi dirka don bangaskiya. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwar Ivan ya rubuta Bisharar Siya. Yanzu Nassi yana cikin ɗakunan karatun ilimin kimiyyar Rasha.
Zamanin da Kalitis na Kalitis ya nuna shugaba a matsayin yarima mai sassauci ne da kuma Prince mai sassauci. Han Horde da aka mutunta da kuma amince muscovite. Ya taimaka don ya ceci Moscow daga hare-haren da aka gabatar. Jindadin batutuwan sun girma, rashin damuwa ya ɓace. Ivan Danilovich ya rabu da gimbiya daga sakin da yaƙe-yaƙe na tsawon shekaru 40. Kalita ya gauraya da abokan adawar, rikicin jama'a ya tsaya saboda Dani.
Ivan na isa wani sakamako wanda ba a san shi ba a wasu filaye, ciki har da Novgorod, TLE da PSKOV. A cikin shekarun mulkin sarauta, yariman ya tara dukiya, wanda ya gaza yara da jikoki, ciki har da Dmitry Donskoy. Daga cikin amincewa da magajin, ya zama dole cewa Kalita ya sami ƙasa a wasu shugabanni.
Rayuwar sirri
An hada da Ivan Kalita tare da aure sau biyu. A 1319, Eena ya zama mai mulki. Ba a kiyaye bayanan tarihi akan asalin yarinyar ba. Suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu - Saminu, Daniyel, da Ivan da Andrei. Cutar da ba a san shi ba ta tsotse lafiyar da matar aure.
A cikin 13332, Elena ya mutu, kuma bayan haka daga baya na Ivan ya yi aure. Zabi ya kasance olyana. 'Ya'ya mata huɗu sun bayyana a cikin aure - Maryamu, Eudokiiya, fenodosia, ferininia. Kyalita tare da fa'idodin mutum da aka bayar da aka bayar. Yarima ta tashe kawai yanayin - mai mulkin zai gudanar da gwamnatocin da kansa.
Mutuwa
'Yan watanni kafin mutuwar Ivan Kalita ta ɗauki matsayi. Hana rarraba tsakanin 'ya'ya maza, mulkin ya rarraba kayan yayin rayuwa. Saminin Party ya zama mai mallakar gado kashi biyu bisa uku. Uba ya rabu da shi a matsayin masani na yara. Kyalita kan m mutum na kwantar da jihar. Irin wannan rarraba ya haifar da damar murkushe matakin Moscow. Mutuwar Prince ta shigo Maris 1340. An gudanar da jana'izar a cikin jirgin daga cikin Jirgin ruwa, wanda aka gina akan umarnin Ivan I.
Labarin bai san wannan mai mulkin ba, kamar yadda ya yi tafiya ga Moscow. An canza birnin a lokacin mulkin Ivan Kalita. Rashin kisan gilla bai yi wa Yariman ba tsawon shekarun gwamnati, ba kamar ɗan'uwansa ba. Daga Ivan na je hadisin ya ba da sunan barkwanci. Kalita na nufin walat ko jakar fata don adanar tsabar kudi.
Labari
Akwai labari, bisa ga wane sarki ya ji wani ɗan karimci.
"A lokacin rani 6837 (I.e. A 1329 - Kimanin.) Yarima Babban Princevich ya bi a cikin Torzhok. Kuma suka zo wurinsa da wani tsattsarkan ceto yana yin kamar kwano, 12 miji a kan idi. Kuma suka yi kama da miji 12, suna yin maraba da Siint savory: "Allah ya ba da dama bazara mai yawa ga babban Prin danwani duk Rasha. VITA, ciyar da nasu. " Sarkin Mai Girmanci ya tambaya da kakanninsa Dawuda, "Me mutanen suka zo wurina?"
Kuma suka gaya masa mutanen novotorzsheti: "Wannan shi ne Mr., yana yin maraba da Saƙon Mai Ceto, kofin ya sa suka kira a cikin Urushalima. Sarki na gwarzayen da ya yi rawar gani a kan batun, ya ce: "'yan'uwa, ɗauki gudummawa a kan wannan kwano?" Pretena ya amsa: "Me muke nadama, to ɗauka." Kuma Sarkin Mafi Girma ya ba su hryvnia sabon gudummawa: "kuma tafi wurina a kowane mako kuma ku kwashe ni biyu na giya, na uku - zuma. Hakanan zaɓe wa gwamnonin nawa kuma mu more rayuwar bukukuwan aure, su dauke kanka baka uku. "
Tunani
A wancan zamani, an nuna masu mulkin a hotuna, saboda haka zaku iya ɗauka kawai cewa Ivan Kalita ta kalli hoto. A lafazin a bayyanar da bikin Yarima bai yi ba, amma aka bayyana halayyar da halaye. Misali, Kalita mutum ne mai ƙididdiga, da hankali. Aka kira Masarautar. Kalita yakan kai matalauta yayin tafiya a Rasha. Buƙatun mutanen sun yi kokarin aiwatarwa. Wannan mutumin Ivan na shigar sau da yawa.
A cikin duniyar zamani game da mai mulkin Moscow kar a manta. Misali, kwararru sun kirkiro da mota ta musamman a cikin tsire-tsire na Moskvich. Motar da ake kira "Moskvich" Mooskvich ". A shekara ta 2006, a yankin Moscow a karon farko, an gabatar da umarnin Ivan Kalita, da lambar oda na Ivan Kalita.