Tari
Hukumar na Faransa na Faransa Xiis XIV ake kira Babban, ko Zinare. Tarihin Asirin Sarki Rana Rabin ya ƙunshi almara. Mai goyon baya da goyan bayan da ba shi da goyon baya da allahntaka na allahntaka, ya shiga labarin a matsayin mawallafin kalmar"Jiha ita ce!".Rikodin tsawon lokacin zama a kan kursiyin - shekaru 72 - bai doke duk wani sarki na Turai ba: kawai raka'a Soyayyar Roman an daɗe.
Yaro da matasa
Fitowar kullu, magajin garin nau'in Bourbon, a farkon zamanin Satumba 1638, mutane sun hadu da lalata. Iyayen Masarauta - Louis Xii da Anna Austa - jira don wannan taron na shekara 22, duk wannan lokacin bai zama mara haihuwa ba. Haihuwar yaro, ban da yaron, Faransanci da aka sani kamar yadda alheri a kan, yana kiran Dofina Louisney (Bogodhan).
Lantarki ta kasa da farin ciki na iyaye ba su yi wa yara Louis mai farin ciki ba. Mahaifin mahaifinsa ya mutu shekara 5, mahaifiyarta da mahaifiyarta ta koma wurin Fahar Ra'yaki, a gaban gidan Richelieu. Heir zuwa kursiyin ya girma a cikin yanayin ascetic: Cardinal Mazarinini - wanda ya fi so gwamnati - ya fi so gwamnati, gami da gudanar da baitulmalin, akan kansa. Littlean ƙaramin abu na firist firist bai yi gunaguni ba: Yaron bai nuna kuɗin don nishaɗi da karatu ba, Louis-Resonne yana da riguna biyu tare da faci, yaron ya yi barci a kan zanen leaky.
Mazarinini ya bayyana cewa ya yi bayanin ceton yakin basasa - Frond. A farkon 1649, gudu daga 'yan tawayen, Jibin Jibin ya bar Paris kuma ya zauna a gidan zama a cikin kilomita 19 daga babban birnin. Daga baya, fuskantar tsoro da kuma rashi tsoro an canza shi zuwa ƙaunar Louis XIZ don cikakken iko da kuma ba a san su ba.
Bayan shekaru 3, firgita, ta gangara, wanda ya tsere zuwa iko. Brazda na jihar bai bayar da mutuwa ba, kodayake Louis an dauki cikakken-fage unclok da 16,43: wanda ya zama regent da wata dan shekaru biyar, mahaifiyar da yardar ta yi asara da ikon Mazarinini.
A karshen 1659, yaki tsakanin Faransa da Spain sun ƙare. Yarjejeniyar Pyrenean da aka sanya duniya ta kawo a duniya wacce ta kawo aure na Louis XIV da gimbiya Spain Mariya Teresia. Bayan shekaru 2, Cardinal ya mutu, da kuma Louis XIV suka ɗauki gwarzon jirgi a hannuwansu. Sarkin dan shekaru 23 ya soke matsayin Ministan na Ministan na farko, ya kulla da majalisar ta jihar ta yi shela:
"Shin kuna tunanin ladabi da jihar ke? Jihar ce ni. "Louis XIV ya bayyana a fili cewa daga wannan lokacin bai yi niyyar raba iko ba. Har ma uwar, wacce, har zuwa kwanan nan, Louis ya ji tsoro, wurin da aka nuna.
Farkon hukumar
A baya can, iska da kuma iya tsayawa zuwa Jolly da tafiye tafiye na dofegen da mamakin farfajiyar don sani da jami'ai tare da canji. Louis ya cika gibba a cikin ilimi - a baya ya da wuya a karanta da rubutu. Daga yanayi, mai hankali, mai hankali, mai walƙiya mai walƙiya mai sauƙi a cikin asalin matsalar ta warware shi.
An bayyana Louis a fili kuma a takaice, Hukumar Jiha ya ba daiyayya a koyaushe, amma girman kai da girman kai na sarki ya kasance gwargwado. Duk gidajen sarauta sun zama kamar suna da matukar saukin kai, don haka a cikin 1662 Ran sarki Rana ya juya gidan farauta a cikin mafiya na Paris, fadar ta unjefar da sikelin da alamu 17. Shekaru 50 a kan tsarinta ya kasance 12-14% na kashe kudi na shekara-shekara.
Na farko shekaru ashirin na mulkin sarki ya rayu a Luvre, to, a cikin tutu. Gidajen birni na birni sun zama mazaunin Louis XIV a 1682. Bayan motsawa zuwa mafi girma a Turai a Turai, an sami ɗan gajeren wuri a babban birnin.
Wannan magana da sauran gidajen sarauta sun tura Louis don tabbatar da dokokin kisan kai na wasu abubuwan da suka shafi cutar da karancin daki-daki. A cikin azaba ta hanyar ƙishirwa, Louis ya sha gilashin ruwa ko ruwan inabin, barorin biyar. A cikin abincin shiru a teburin, kawai Mulkin yana zaune, an ba da shawarar kujera ko da nabiri. Bayan abincin dare, Louis ya sadu da minista da jami'ai, kuma idan ya yi rashin lafiya, Majalisar cikakken an gayyace shi da zazzabi mai sarauta.
Da maraice, da versioned buɗe don nishaɗi. Baƙi suna rawa, suna tare da jita-jita mai kyau, katunan da aka buga wa wanda Louis aka kamu da shi. A gurinar fadar, a cewar da ta samar. Da wuyan madubi na madubi da ke da mita 72 da fadin 10. Marbabus na launi da aka yi ado da kayan ciki da duwatsun da dutse Abubuwan ado na matan da masu dubawa don ƙona wuta.
Tare da farfajiya na sarki, marubuta da masu zane sun yi amfani da yarda. A cikin mawadi, masu kira da kuma takaicin Molierere, Jean Rasaina da Belre Clo. An shirya masquerades a cikin fadar a cikin fadar, kuma a lokacin bazara da Jelly ya tafi ƙauyen Triann a haɗe zuwa ga lambun Verail. A tsakar dare, Louis, ciyar da furen, ya tafi fure, inda ya je gado bayan bukukuwan al'ada da kuma bukukuwan aure.
Siyasar ta cikin gida
Louis xiv ya san yadda ake tara ministocin masu iyawa. Ministan kudi Jean-Bantist Celler ya karfafa jindadin aji na uku. Tare da shi, kasuwanci da masana'antu sun bunƙasa, mafi sauri na rundunar jiragen ruwa. Marquis de Luvua ya sake fasalin sojoji, da injiniyan injiniya da injiniyan soja Marquan de Voban sun gina birrai da ya zama gādo na UNESCO. Kidaya de Tunner - Hukuma Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Harkokin Waje - ya juya ya zama mai dan siyasa da jami'in diflomas.
Gudanar da jihar a karkashin Louis 14th an aiwatar da nasihu 7. Shugabannin lardunan da aka nada Louis. Sun tallafawa abubuwan da ke cikin shiri game da batun yaƙi, sun ci karo da adalci adalci da rike da mutane a cikin bin biyayya.
Biranen da aka gudanar kamfanoni ko tukwici sun ƙunshi burgomistracys. A tsananin tsarin kasafin kudi ya kwanta a kan kafaɗa na kananan Bourgeois da masu goro, wanda ya kai hari akai-akai ga tawaye da tarzoma. Rashin rikici ya haifar da gabatarwar haraji a kan takarda mai taken, wanda shine sakamakon tashin hankali a Brittany kuma a yamma na jihar.
Tare da Louis XIV ya ɗauki lambar ciniki (takaita). Don hana Hijira, Manar ta bayar da doka, a cewar, wanda ya bar kasar, an kammala dukiyar, hukuncin kisa, hukuncin kisa yana jira a gida.
Gwamnati ta biyun a wurin sarki rana aka sayar kuma aka gaji. A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, an sayar da Sarautar Louis a Paris dubu 2.5 dubu a cikin adadin 77 miliyan Livra. Daga baitulmalin, jami'ai ba su biya - sun rayu a kuɗin haraji. Misali, zane-zane sun karɓi wani aiki daga kowane ganga mai laushi - wanda aka sayar ko aka saya.
Jesuits - The Cikakkun Mulkin - ya juya Loois a cikin kayan aikin Katolika. Abubuwan da ke ciki - Haguenot - zaɓaɓɓen gidaje, an hana su yi wa yara su yi aure da aure. An hana tsakanin Katolika da Furotesta. Tsoratar da Addinai ya tilasta wa Furotesta dubu 200 da za su koma makwabta Ingila da Jamus.
Manufofin Harkokin Waje
Tare da Louis Faransa ta yi gwagwarmaya da yawa kuma ya sami nasarar yin gwagwarmaya. A cikin 1667-68, sojojin Louis suka kama fanders. Bayan shekara 4, yakin ya fara ne da makwabciyar Holland, don taimakon wancan Spain da kuma Denmark ya hanzarta. Ba da daɗewa ba Jamusawa suka shiga su. Amma hadin gwiwar ya rasa, kuma Faransa ta motsa Alsace, Lorraine da kasashen Belgian.
Tun daga 1688, jerin nasarorin sojojin Louis sun zama mafi sauki. Austria, Sweden, Holland da Spain, United a cikin Augsburg League kuma sun yi hamayya da Faransa kuma suna adawa da Faransa.
A cikin 1692, a cikin tashar tashar Cherbourg, sojojin Kungiyar ta fashe da rundunar Faransawa. A kan ƙasa, Louis ya ci nasara, amma yakin ya bukaci da yawa kudade. Mazaunan sun yi tawaye da karuwar haraji, kayan azurfar da aka je zuwa smelter. Jami'ar da aka nemi zaman lafiya kuma ta ci gaba da yarjejeniya: Ya dawo Savoy, Luxembourg da Catalonia. Mai 'yanci ya zama lorraine.
Mafi yawan rauni shi ne yaƙin Loois don Sashen Seviais a cikin 1701. A wani Faransawa agara Ingila, Austria da Holland. A cikin 1707, da abokan kawuna, suna motsawa cikin Alps, sun mamaye su Louis Sojojin Luis. Don nemo kudaden zuwa yaƙi, an aika da abinci na zinare zuwa smeply daga gidan sarauta, yunwar ta fara a ƙasar. Amma sojojin allilies sun bushe, kuma a cikin 1713 Faransa ya sanya hannu kan uturecht tare da Birtaniya, bayan wani shekara a Rasexrian.
Rayuwar sirri
Louis XIV - Sarki, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin yin soyayya. Amma daga waƙar kalmomin ba za ta jefa ba - ba don ikon sarakuna ba. Dan wasan mai shekaru 20 ya fada cikin soyayya tare da dan wasan dan dan dan wasan dan shekaru 18, yarinya mai ilimi Maria Mancini. Amma yadin da siyasar siyasa ya nemi daga karshen duniya tare da kammalawar duniya tare da Spaniard na aure, wanda auren zai iya daukar Mariya Teresia Teresia.
A cikin viain Sarauniyar Louis Sarauniya mahaifiya da Caralal don ba shi damar ɗaukar matar Mariya - an tilasta shi aurenta mara ƙauna. Mariya ta auri yariman Italiyanci, kuma a cikin Paris bikin aure na Louis da Mariya Teresia ta faru. Amma don kiyaye aminci ga matar Mulkin ba zai iya tilasta kowa ba - jerin matan Louis XIV, wanda yake da sifofi, mai ban sha'awa sosai.
Da sannu a bayan aure, sarki ya lura da matar ɗan'uwansa, duke na Orleans, - Henrietta. Don ɗaukar hoto daga kanta, wata mace ta yi aure ta gabatar da Louis tare da frouman shekaru 17 da haihuwa. Blonde Louise de La Walter Khromala, amma Mila ya yi fila lovyas louis. Wani ɗan shekaru shida aka yi wa Louise tare da haihuwar zuriyar hudun, daga gare su, ofan da data sun zauna zuwa balaguron balaguro. A cikin 1667, an kawar da sarki daga Louise, yana ba ta taken Dohchess.
Sabon da aka fi so - Marquis de Montiespan - ya juya ya zama akasin La Walter: Ruwan ɓoyewa tare da rayuwa da kuma hankali suna tare da Louis XIV 16. Ta duba yatsunsu a kan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙauna ta Louis. Abokan hamsin na marquise sun haifi Louis da yaron, amma Montespan ya san cewa Lovesla zai dawo wurinta wanda ya ba shi yara takwas (ya tsira da hudu).
Montespan marsorgal ga abokin hamayya, wanda ya zama ko'ina cikin 'ya'yanta - gwauruwa na mawaƙin Skron. Mace mai ilimi tana sha'awar hankalin Louis mai kaifi. Ya yi magana da ita tsawon awanni kuma ya lura a wata rana wanda ba shi da bakin ciki. Bayan mutuwar matar Mariya Teresyiya, Louis XIV Wentenon da canzawa: Sarki ya zama addini, babu wata alama daga baya.
Mutuwa
A lokacin bazara na 1711, Sonan Monark ya mutu daga kananan - Dofie Louis. Heir da kursu ya bayyana dansa - Duke na Burgundy, jikan sarki Rana, amma ya mutu a shekara ta zazzabi. Sauran yaron shine Kakana na Louis XIV - ya gaji lakun Dofina, amma rashin lafiya na Scarletin ya mutu. Tun da farko, Louis ya ba da sunan mai suna Bourbon zuwa 'ya'ya maza guda biyu, wanda ya haife daga aure de Montespan. A cikin Alkawari, sun kasance suna fushi kuma suna iya gado kursiyin.
Jerin mutuwar yara, jikoki da manyan-up sun gurbata lafiyar Louis. Mulkin ya zama mai dauke da baƙin ciki da baƙin ciki, wanda ya rasa a harkokin gwamnati, zai iya kwance a gado, zai iya yin yawo a duk rana. Fadowa daga doki yayin farauta ya kasance na shekaru 77 na sarki Rocky: Louis ya lalata kafa, Gangrena ta fara. Droctors tiyata - HictSe - an ƙi shi. Sarki ya sanya umarni na ƙarshe a ƙarshen watan Agusta kuma ya mutu akan Satumba 1.
Kwanaki 8 tare da barin Louis ya ce ban kwana a cikin m, ga na tara da aka tura zuwa Basilica na Saint-Denis Abbey da binne a kan Katolika hadisai. Zamanin da aka shirya kwamitin Louis XIV ya ƙare. Sanarwar Sarki Sarki na shekaru 72 da kwana 110.
Tunani
Game da lokutan babban shekaru cire ba fina-finai daya. Na farko - "Mace Mask" wanda Allan Dan wasan kwaikwayon - ya fito a cikin 1929. A cikin 1998th Louis a cikin kaset na kasada "mutum a cikin abin rufe fuska" ya taka leonardo di caprio. A cewar fim, ba a ba da wadata ba ga cin nasara, amma ɗan uwan tagwaye, wanda ya mamaye kursiyin.A shekara ta 2015, babban jerin talabijin na Faransa "Theadian TV jerin" m verailles "a kan sarautar Louis da ginin fadar ta zo wurin albijin. A karo na biyu na aikin ya fito ne a cikin bazara na 2017, saman shekara ya fara harbi na uku.
An rubuta wa littattafan almara da aka rubuta game da Louis. Tarihin rayuwarsa ya yi wahayi zuwa ga halittar littattafai ta Alexander Duma, Ann da Serzh Goleon, Juliette Benzoni.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A cewar almara, Sarauniyar ta haifi tagwaye, kuma Louis 14th yana da ɗan'uwan da ya ɓoye daga ido mai ban sha'awa a ƙarƙashin maski. Marubutan tarihi ba su tabbatar da kasancewar ɗan'uwan tagwaye a Louis, amma ba su ƙi karɓa rarrabawa. Sarki zai iya ɓoye dangi don guje wa haduwa kuma kada ku fara girgiza a cikin al'umma.
- Sarki yana da ƙanen ƙaramin ɗan'uwan - Philip Orselans. Dofin bai yi ƙoƙarin zama a kan kursiyin ba, gamsar da lamarin da yake a kotu. 'Yan uwan sun huta da juna, Philip ya kira Louis "kadan shugaban Kirista."
- Game da wasan Rabalazian da ke tsakanin Louis XIV: Search a cikin ya zauna da yawa kamar yadda suke da isasshen abincin rana duk babban yaite. Ko da da dare, vamdiner ya kawo sarki ga abincin.
- Yana cewa, ban da kyakkyawan lafiya, dalilan da ake samu na mai wadatar da Louis suna da yawa. Ofayansu - a jikin sarki ya rayu da kintinkiri tsutsa (sarkar), don haka Louis bushe "ga kansa da kuma wannan mutumin." An kiyaye hujjoji a cikin rahotannin ladabi.
- Likitocin karni na 17 sun yi imani cewa hanjin lafiya ya kasance cikin hanji mara kyau, haka kuma ana magana da Louis a kai a kai. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa sarkin Rana ya halarci wani gida daga 14 zuwa 18 a rana, rikice-rikice na ciki da samuwar gas don ya kasance abin ban mamaki.
- Daca likitan likitanci ya yi imani cewa babu wani babban wakili fiye da hakora da aka lalata. Sabili da haka, ya cire hakora ta hannun Mulkin da ba a san shi ba har zuwa shekaru 40 a bakin Louis ba komai. Ana cire ƙananan hakora, likita ya karya mu na sarki, kuma yana girgiza babba, ya fice daga wani sama, saboda wanda Louis yake da rami. Don dalilan kamuwa da Daka tara Sky mai zafi sandar ruwa.
- A Kotun Kotu na Veuis turare da kuma Aromic Foda a cikin babban adadin. Tunanin tsabta a karni na 17 ya bambanta daga halin yanzu: Halayen suna wanke jikes da chelyadi ba su ba. Amma matuƙar tsoro, yana fitowa daga Louis, ya zama misali a cikin garuruwa. Daya daga cikin dalilan wani abinci ne mai narkewa, makale a cikin hangaren haƙoshin a cikin sararin sarki.
- Murƙushe mai ado mai ado. A cikin m da sauran gidaje, Louis ya ƙidaya gadaje 500, a cikin shago sai an yi wa wungiyoyi dubu huɗu, da kuma dubunnan wanna huɗu suna sewn ga Louis.
- Louis XIV an danganta shi da marubucin bakin tekun a kan diddige tare da tafin fata wanda ya zama ingantaccen igiya "Labouten". 10-santimita da santimita sun kara da sarki (mita 1.63) girma.
- Sarkin rana ya shiga labarin a matsayin tushen babban salo (Grand Manierere), wanda ke nuna alaƙar gargajiya da baroque. Fadar fadar a cikin salon Louis XIV an rufe shi da abubuwan kayan ado, zaren, gilding.