Tari
Marubucin russia, fassara, fassara da vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu, 1783. FAME wanda ya yi godiya ga fassarorin fassarar "barci Tsarevna", "Tata na Tsari Berdee."
Game da haihuwar danshi Zhekovsky yana kwanciya almara. An san cewa iyayen marubucin sun kasance manyan marubutan su biyu ne kuma mai ƙasa, Tula, Kalurhanka ya karɓi sunan Elizabeth Demotavenov. A cikin nassoshi na tarihi An bayyana cewa wani mutum ya auri Mariya Grigoroeven Bunina. Amma ƙungiyar ba ta kawo magada ga mai ƙasa ba. Wannan shine dalilin ƙwarƙwaran Tolchaninov. Yarinyar ta gabatar da ɗan da ake so ɗan da ake so.
Andrei Grigorievich Zhukovsky ya dauki matsayin saurayin, duk da gaskiyar cewa a farfajara sun san wanda Uba ya Uba. Steph ya fito ne daga masu mallakar ƙasa na Kievorewa. Masanin tarihi na wallafe-wallafe I. Yu. Ya yi imanin cewa halin da ake ciki da Haihuwar magaji ya fi wahala, fiye da yadda yake a tarihin rayuwar marubucin marubucin.
A shekaru na biyu, mara kyau, a bukatar Burin Bunin, ya zama sahadi na Astrakhan Gusar Gusar. Bayan shekaru 4, ya sanar da bayar da kyautar Zhakivsky sabon matsayi - Ensign. Jim kaɗan bayan wannan yarinyar, ta kori. A cikin 1789, malamin Ekim Ivanovich ya isa ga yaron. Abin takaici, ƙwarewar da suka dace na Jamusanci na Jamusawa ba ta, saboda haka, koyon kanta ya ɗauki mahaifin Andrei Zhukovsky.
Shekara daga baya, dangin garin ya koma Tula. Ana gayyatar An gayyaci Malaman Pokrovsky nan da nan zuwa Vasilia. Malami a wannan lokacin ya ji marubucin da mahimmancin gargajiya. Amma halin da sauran halayen Zhakivsky ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa pokrovsky ya ki yin aiki tare da saurayi. Mahaifin Mahaifin malamin ya ce, 'yar baiwa ta mutum ba ta nan, saboda haka babu ma'ana a horo.
Shado na Athanasius Bunin bayan mutuwarsa ya mika mata. Zhukovsky ya sami 10,000 rubles. A lokacin, ya kasance babban adadin. Wani shekara bayan mutuwar mahaifin mahaifinsa, na kuma ziyartar makarantar kwana, sannan ta zartar da jarrabawar shigar da makarantar jama'ar kasar. Bayan 'yan watanni na karatu a cikin cibiyar Zhakivsky, suna kori rashin iya fahimtar kimiyya.
Har zuwa matsananciyar yanke shawara don matsawa zuwa makarantar ɗan'uwa varvar varivar. A kan yankin da yarinyar yarinyar tana gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida. Anan Zhukovsky ya fara gane cewa yana son ya zama wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 1794, marubucin ya kirkiro balaguron farko a kan makircin plutch "Camill Rome". Daga baya, melodrame ya bayyana daga alkalami na bakin ciki, wanda ya danganta ne da sabon labari "Bulus da Virginia".
Ilimin gida na gida ba zai iya ba da damar ilimi Zhakivsky ba, don haka taƙaitaccen 'yar uwarmu ta bayyana wahala ga fansho na Jami'ar Moscow. A jarrabawar, waƙar ta nuna babban matakin mallakar Faransanci da kuma wani bangare na yaren Jamusanci. Makarantar Doub ɗin da aka ƙera sanin ilimin littattafai. A Jami'ar Zhukovsky yi abokai da kuma fararen turgenev. Saurayi mai mahimmanci yana tasiri da ƙarin aikin marubucin. A cikin gidan baƙon, vasily Andreevich ya rubuta waƙoƙin farko, har da safiya.
Litattafai
Hanyar kirkirar vasily zhekovsky nayi ƙaya kuma ba sauki. Zo a rayuwar wallace ko kuma marubucin marubucin ba zai iya ba, don haka aka ɗauka don fassarorin. Tafiya Zhakivsky a wannan filin an yaba da shi ta hanyar zamani, gami da plagon Betov, mai mallakar gidan buga takardu. Komawa Jami'ar Mobcow Bako a Jami'ar, Vasily Andrevich ta sadar da Nikolai Karamzin, wanda ya zama malami da mai jagoranci ga Zhukovsky shekaru da yawa.
Mai sauƙin kai na yaren Rasha da aka yi la'akari da aikinsa ya soki aikin Ward. Amma Karamzin bai manta game da yabo ba. Malami ya nuna alamun nasara da kuma juyawa da Zhukovsky amfani koyaushe. Daga 1808 zuwa 1820, mawaƙin yana cikin bincike mai fasaha.
Wannan yana bayyana a cikin ballads na zamani, misali a Lyudmila. Abin sha'awa, aikin shine fassarar kirkirar mawaƙin Jamus G. A. Burger. A Lyudmila, Zhukovsky ya bayyana jin ra'ayin Lyudmila a rayuwarsa.
Shekaru 4 ya ɗauki vasily Andrevich don ƙirƙirar Svetlana Ballad. Waƙoƙi ya dogara da Lenor, wanda G. A. Burger. Aikin ya banbanta da Lyudmila tare da gaisuwa da farin ciki. Aboki Zhukovsky A.s. Singakin ya yi godiya sosai aikin Jagora.
Ba za a iya siyar da rayuwa na rayuwa ba, har abada Zhukovsky ya kasance fassarar. Mawãƙi yana da kyauta na halitta wanda ya ba shi damar fassara mafi kyawun waƙoƙin, ballad adabin duniya. Vasily Andrevich ya bayyana cikakken rahoton Jamusanci na gargautar Jamus kuma ya zartar da sihirin waka ta I. Goethe "gandun daji tsar" lokacin fassara "yayin fassara.
Zhukovsky fi son ƙirƙira, saboda haka marubucin sau da yawa fassara ayyukan sanannen mawakan mawaka, amma a lokaci guda bai manta da aikin kansa ba. A shekarar 1822, kuma, Vasily Andrevich ta gabatar da al'umman jama'a daga Elegy, wanda aka kirkira a cikin ruhun Romanticism, "Tekun". Marubucin ya kira sha'awarsa don kyakkyawa wanda ya kewaye mutane. Daga baya, Zhukovsky ya fara fassara Ballads "Kofin" wanda I. Schiller. Mai fassarar ya yi aiki akan aikin shekaru 6. A wancan zamani, babu bukatar sake fasalin zahiri - ya isa ya isar da ma'anar, abin mamaki, motsin zuciyar ku.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, matsanancin zuhekovsky ya taimaka wa yara su fahimci ilimin kimiyya, gami da adabi. Sadarwa mai kauri tare da yara maza da mata daban-daban suna tura don rubuta tatsuniyoyi. Kimanin shekaru 30 da ake buƙata Zhakovsky don ƙirƙirar tatsuniyoyi bakwai, waɗanda har zuwa yau sun zama sananne a tsakanin manya da jarirai. Daga cikin halittun da vasily Andrevich "Red Carbunkul", "Tata na tsarevna", "Yaƙin tsarevna da rana", "cat a kan takalmi", "in ji cat a kan takalmi", "in ji cat a kan takalmi", "in ji cat a Boot", "Tulip Wolf ".
A cikin tatsuniyoyi, Zhukovsky fi so don zuwa gwaje-gwajen mai haske. Marubucin ya yi amfani da kyakkyawan harshe na harshe, suna wasa da girman wayoyi. Vasily Andrevich ya yi sha'awar ta, m da kuma wani ɓangare na dunƙulan duniya, waɗanda aka nuna launin shuɗi a cikin ayyukan tikiya, amovis da hoffman. Wannan ya nuna a cikin tatsuniyoyin labarai na Zhakivsky.
Wani lokacin sha'ani tsakanin marubuci ga jagorar maraƙin kasa ta tashi. Mahaliccin ya yi kokarin hada asirin Asiri da kuma wani labarin yadi a cikin littattafan tatsuniyoyi. Shekara kafin mutuwar Zhakiovsky ya rubuta waƙoƙi guda biyu "Cat da akuya" da "tsuntsu". Marubucin ya ba 'yarsa da ɗa.
Mai jagoranci na dangin sarauta
Vasily Andrevich Zhukovsky ya zo da sabis na dangin sarki a 1815. A cikin shekaru biyu, marubucin ya yi aiki da mahaifiyar Maryamu Fedorovna ta yi aiki da mahaifiyar Mary Fedorovna. Marubucin zai gudanar da shekaru 25 masu zuwa a hidimar kotu. Hoton wannan lokacin ba a rayuwa.
A cikin 1817, Zhukovsky ya ci gaba zuwa ayyukan Pedagogical. Malami ya koyar da yaren Rasha da adabi zuwa matarsa Nikolai na farko - Alexander Fedorovna, daga baya mafi yawan vasily Andrevich ta ziyartar matar Mikhail Pavlovich Elena Pavlovichna Pavlovich Elena Pavlovich. Zhukovsky Sannu a hankali ya fadada wuraren da ke duniya, ciki har da Falsafa, tarihi, Pedagogy shirin.
Kwarewa, ilimi ya ba da izinin Zhakiovsky don ci gaba ta hanyar mai aiki. Vasily Andreevich ya nada shi ta mai jagoranci na Tseavich. Daga wannan lokacin, marubucin tatsuniyoyi na tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙi da Ballads sun zama shugaban masu ilimi da malamai waɗanda suka yi wa dangin sarki. Zhukovsky gane cewa a cikin sabon matsayi da zai iya "haifar da kyau."
Mai ba da kulawa da aiki Cesarevich yana nufin alhakin karamin yaro da babban kasida, don haka malamin ya karanta kuma ya sake karanta artistical, littattafan falsafa. Azuzu na farko tare da Cesarevich ya faru a cikin Fadar 1826. A wannan lokacin, Zhukovsky ya shirya ɗakin karatu ga magaji da haɓaka tsarin horo, jadawalin yini, wanda aka yarda da sarki.
Vasily Andrevichics ya amsa na Rashanci na Rasha, kimiyyar lissafi, tarihin mutum, tarihi da labarin ƙasa. Darussan da suka jagoranci sauran malamai ba su da hankalin Zhukovsky. Marubucin ya ba da shawarwarin koyarwa, yadda ya fi dacewa don koyarwa ɗaya ko wani abu. Don haka Vasily Andrevich yana so ya gani a cikin kursiyin Rasha na Sarki na Rasha, don haka kotu ta gayyaci masana kimiyya. Zhukovsky yana da nasa hangen nesa na mai mulkin. Cesarevich ya kamata ya yi ƙoƙari don ilimi, amma ba shi yiwuwa a manta game da tunani.
"Inda mai mulkin yana son amfanin ƙasa, can kuma mutane suna son mulkin mai mulkin," in ji Vasilyvich.A cikin shekaru 12, mai jagoranci ya horar da magaji ga kursiyin kawai lokacin da Cesarevich ya zama manya, a hukumance aiki a kotu don Zhakivsky ya ƙare. Ga Goodbye, Yarima Alexander ya sami kyauta daga malami - "balaguron ilimi". Mai iko na gaba, tare da Zhukovsky, ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa biranen Rasha da ƙasashen Yammacin Turai.
Vasily Andrevich da kansa ya yi hanya, yayin tafiya wanda Zesarevich ya sadu da jihar. A halin yanzu, a cikin 1841, dangantakar kotun sarki da Zhukovsky sun gudu zuwa iyaka. Marubucin ya karbi murabus din ya tafi Jamus.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin shekaru 56 na shekaru, har zuwa ga bakin ciki Zhekovsky sun gana da Rezfa Revalne Reiterne Reiterne Reiterne. A kallon farko, marubucin soyayya ya ƙaunaci ƙauna tare da yarinyar, amma Uba wanda aboki ne na matsananciyar wahala, nuna zanga-zangar da aure. Zhukovsky ba ya son ja da baya, don haka a bayan shekara guda ya yi wa'azin Alisar. Matar mai ƙauna ta ba da amsa mai kyau.
A shekarar 1841, an gudanar da kammalawa a Dusseldorf. Abin takaici, auren ba sauki. Alisabatu ta kamu da rashin lafiya koyaushe, yana da saukin kamuwa da lalacewar juyayi. Yawancin lokaci ba su yarda da burin Zhakiovsky game da yara ba. Amma shekara guda bayan bikin aure, Alexander yarinyar bayyana a cikin iyali. Bayan shekaru uku daga baya, yaron Bulus. Saboda cututtukan mijin, tsofaffi mutum ya dauki dukkan ayyukan a kusa da gidan da kuma tarar yara.
'Ya'yan Zhakivs ba su zama marubuta ba. Alexander Vasilyevna ya kunshi a cikin aure mai mutuntaka tare da Yarima Alexei Alchesandrovich, amma daga baya ƙungiyar ya barke. Zhukovskaya gabatar shi da ɗa mai kauri. Daga baya, yarinyar ta auri Barrona kuma ta zama barona na Verman.
Game da Pavel Vasilyevich ya san da yawa. Za a gabatar da buroshin mai zane za a gabatar, amma zane ba shine sha'awar ɗan Zhakivsky ba. Mutumin ya zama mai ceton kungiyar Gidan kayan gargajiya na Bellev nan take, ya kirkiro wani gidan kayan gargajiya na kyawawan fasahohin kyawawan fasahohin da ke cikin Moscow.
Mutuwa
Vasily Andrevich Zhukovsky na dogon lokaci ya rayu a Baden-Baden. A 1851, cutar ta zo masa. Idon daga cikin idanun marubucin ya daina gani, don haka aka ba da shawarar Mahalicci don ciyar da ƙarin lokaci a cikin ɗakin duhu. Duk da matsalolin tare da lafiya, matsanancin zafi da ke so su koma ƙasarsu - zuwa Rasha. Da goyan baya a cikin wannan marubucin Chafiev da Gogol.
A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1851, dangin Zhakivsky shi ne ya tafi kan hanya, amma wannan bai faru ba, tunda mutumin yana da ido a idanunsa. Kadai don rubuta da karanta vasily Andrevich ba zai iya ba. Marubucin ya taimaka wa matar da valet. Halin Lafiya na Zhakivsky yana cikin hanzari ya lalace, don haka marubucin waƙoƙi da Ballads sun nemi ya zo Baden Vyazemsks.
A ƙarshe, akwai hutu na farji bayan mutuwar Gogol. Kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1852, bai zama marubucin da kansa ba. Mawallafin tatsuniyoyi "A Tsare Berendei" da "Barci Tsarevna" aka binne shi a cikin babban birni, a bangon da aka sassaka wautarsa. Sanin ƙaunar marubuci zuwa Rasha, a cikin 1852, charponine suna jigilar ƙura na Zhakiovsky zuwa Petersburg. Yanzu kabarin na mawaƙi, mai fassara kuma malamin yana tare da Alexvin Kabarin Alexander Nevsky Lawra, ba nisa da Mogile N. Karamzin.
Littafi daya
- 1808 - "Lyudmila"
- 1812 - Svetlana
- 1818 - "Tsare Tsar"
- 1822 - "teku"
- 1825-1831 - "Kofin"
- 1831 - "Barci Tsarevna"
- 1831 - "Game da Tsar Berende"
- 1845 - "Avan tsarevich da launin toka kyarkeci"
- 1851 - "Cat da akuya"
- 1851 - "Bird"