Tari
Lokacin mulkin "Sarauniya-budurwa" ko kyakkyawan sarauniyar Bess, kamar yadda muscovy, ana kiranta "shekarun zinare na Ingila". Na karshe na m sarken daular da aka samu na tudun da ya gagara da Burtaniya zuwa wani sabon mataki na ci gaba da kuma karfafa matsayin kasar nan a duniya mataki. A lokacin mulkin yarinyar Henry Viii, William Shakespeare, Christoum Marlo da Francis alade. An kira su "Elizabetari" saboda ɗaukar hoto na Sarauniya Art da Al'adu.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Hurishuwa a watan Satumbar 1533 a gabashin London, a gidan sarauta a Greenwich. A kan mahaifiyarta, Anna Boaryn, Heinrich VIII Aure soyayya kuma muna fatan cewa matar za ta ba shi magajin. Bayan haka, matar da ta gabata, Catherine Aragon, bai haifi yaro ba, wanda ya sanya matsayin daular shakat.
ANNA ya haifi matar da Maryamu Maryamu, kuma bayan shekaru 17, Elizabeth ya bayyana. Sarki bai san farin ciki ba daga fitowar yarinyar, amma baptismar ta kasance tare da Lush Bikin Lush. An ba da sunan gimbiya ta girmama mahaifiyar masarautar Elizabeth York. Faura an zaunar da jaririn a cikin fadar gidan Hatelfield, gidajen kusa da London, inda iyayenta suka ziyarta lokacin da iyayenta.
Alisabatu kuwa ba ta cika da shekara uku ba, aned, kuma ba ta yi farin ciki da matarsa tare da magaji ba, an kashe shi, suna zargin bishiyoyi da yawa a barazanar. Tarihi na tarihi suna tare da ra'ayin cewa don kawar da Blein Heinrich sun yanke shawarar yin aure kuma suna haihuwar da da wuri-wuri, kuma tabbacin canji ya fusda. Kisan mahaifar ya kawo Opal a ranar Elizabet mai shekaru uku: Gimbiya ya yi kira ba bisa doka ba. Wannan rabo ya sha wahala tsohuwar 'yar uwa Maria.
Rana bayan kisan Blein, mulkin ya yi tafiya a asirce tare da Jane Seymour. Bayan shekara guda, Sarauniya ta haifi mijinta na ɗan ɗa da daɗewa aka dawwama. Kasancewa mace mai kyau, Jane ya yi kokarin sulhunta sarki da 'ya'ya mata, amma Henry ba shi yiwuwa:' yar "ya kasance a gidan sarki.
Kwana 12 bayan haihuwar Seyamur ya mutu. Heinrich ya tafi ƙarƙashin kambi sau uku. Tare da ɗayan matansa, ya sake, na biyu, Catherine Beard, kamar Anna Bobley, kashe. Daga mahaifar haila ta girgiza Elizabet mai shekaru 9, barin wata alama a cikin makomar makomar da zaarakin: ba ta yi aure ba, to, ba ta da sunan cewa "Sarauniyar-Virgunte". Hasalima halaye daga gimbiya ta tashi tare da matar ta shida na Uba - Catherine Parr.
Maigida na Ingila na gaba da Ireland da shekaru 10 da aka kashe a kan Faransawa, Girkanci, Italiyanci, da Italiyanci, da Italiyanci, da kuma tafarkin tarihi da uwar gida na Catherine Parr. Kodayake yarinyar an ɗauki ta ba da izini, amma an ba da ingancin samuwar Cambrid: azuzuwan da malami masu gyarawa, ba a banza ba.
Godiya ga Parr da bayyanar magaji a cikin dangin sarki, an dawo da duniya. Uba ya zo da "'yan mata' 'mata da maza, kodayake halin lalacewa bai sake sokewa ba. A farkon 1547, Heinriich ya mutu. Sarki kuwa ya kira gadon sarauta. Game da mutuwarsa da kuma idan babu magada, an yarda kursiyin ya kai mata Maryamu da Alisabatu. Sannan mai yiwuwa a tsaye a shugaban kasa ga 'ya'yan Heinrich sun yi kama da fatalwa, amma Alkuriya tayi maganar amincewa da' ya'ya mata kuma ya yarda su auri shugabannin kasashen larabawa.
Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa da aurensa, uwarsa ta aiko Alisabatu daga gidan, a cikin ƙasa a hartfordshire. Yarinyar ta ci gaba da koyo a karkashin malamin tare da sanin ilimin Encyclop na Roger Eshhamom.
A cikin kaka na 1548, uwar matar ta mutu daga asibitin Matar, kuma matatanta Thomas Seymour ya aikata wani yunƙurin juyin mulkin jihar. A farkon na shekara mai zuwa, aka kashe shi magajin shari'a don Ediard VI. Ya gayyace shi ya zauna tare da 'yar'uwar' yar uwa, wanda ya yi dumi dangantaka. Mutuwar Eduard a lokacin bazara na 1553 ya fara busar Alisabatu.
Yunkurin Ubangiji ya kiyaye John dudley saka a kan kambi a kan jingin kai Heinrich, dan shekaru 16 na Jane Grey, ya ƙare da Bunt. Farkon sun shigo wani rikici na soja tsakanin masu goyon bayan launin toka da kuma babbar 'yar da Henry. Al'arshi ya dauki Maryamu. Ga Alisabatu na ga Alisabatu, duka bangarorin biyu sun kasance marasa mahimmanci: Idan akwai nasara, magoya bayan Jane, amma ya ci gaba da bin bangaskiyar Furotesta. Nasarar Katolika ya sa Maryamu ta sa ta kasancewar Alisabatu, amma ta bar 'yancin da za a gaji.
Mariya mai shekaru Mariya an yi masa wa'adi a cikin 1553, marigayi kaka. Daga farkon zamanin kwamitin Sarauniyar ya ci gaba da kasan kasar zuwa Katolika. Yawancin Birtaniya sun bayyana bangaskiyar Katolika, amma Furotesta sun kasance masu jijiyoyi masu tasiri. A farkon shekara mai zuwa, Furoteso Thomas Whitet ta tayar da tashin hankali, da niyyar hana auren Maryamu Sarkin Palihi. Akwai wani sihirin da 'yan tawayen da aka yi niyyar sa kursiyin Alisabatu.
An kawo tayar da hankali, kuma Whitet aka kashe. Kafin mutuwarsa, da Elizabeth bai san cewa Elizabeth bai sani ba game da bebe kuma bai shiga cikin shirye-shiryen tawaye ba. Sarauniya ta shiga wani saurayi a cikin hasumiya, amma ta bar rayuwarta. A lokacin bazara na 1554, Maryamu ya auri wakilin halittar Habsburgs, kuma ya saki Alisabatu ga nufin, amma ya aiko da shi zuwa ga Woodstock.
Bayan shekara 4, an mayar da Elizaven London. Auren Filibus tare da Maria ta juya don zama mara haihuwa, Sarauniyar Rugiya. Lokacin da ta ji wata motar asibiti, a karkashin matsin masu ba da shawara da ake kira 'yar'uwar dami gado. "Maryamu ta jini, kamar yadda sarauniya da ake kira Sarauniyar, ba ta son ya ba 'yar'uwar sarki, saboda yana tsoron dawowar Fa'adawa. Amma tsoron karu da hargitsi bayan mutuwa, ta je daga kambin Alisabatu.
Farkon hukumar
Kwana uku bayan mutuwar Maryamu, a kan Majalisar ta farko ta Sarauniya Elizabeth sun taimake ta a lokacin. Thomas Pery ya karbi bitular post, Robert Dudley ya zama Kenen, William Cecil ya zauna a kujerar Sakataren. A watan Nuwamba 1558, sarauniya mai shekaru 25 ya hadu da taron mazaunan mazaunan London.
Shekarun da na tsufa a wannan lokacin ba a la'akari da Young - ɗan ƙasar Ingila da wuya ya rayu da hamsin. Elizabh ya yi shekara fiye da shi. Ba ta yi aure ba kuma lafiyarta bai rinjayi kisan ta da haihuwa ba, kamar yadda yawancin mata lokacinta. A sabon Sarauniyar Ingila ya zama fashion dokar: a kan hukuma liyafar a Oxford, shi ya bayyana a cikin dogon, zuwa gwiwar hannu, safar hannu. Dukkanin masu ladabi na masu ladabi.
A karshen watan Janairu na wannan shekarar, Sarauniya ta ji tsananin tsananin kambi: Ingila da Furotesta da Katolika. A cikin iska verala vecta. Don kauce wa rawar jiki, Elizabeth na yi shelar "utifory", kyale Katolika don bauta taro.
Ba da daɗewa ba majalisar ta bukaci Elizabeth Ina zaɓar mata da kuma samar da kursiyin tare da magaji. A cikin jerin ango ya zama mijin 'yar'uwar Maraice Marai, duka biyu daga halittar Habsburgs da Konrintpolls na Sweden. Ba da daɗewa ba, Sarki Rasha Grozny ya fada cikin jerin masu yiwuwa. Amma Alisabatu, da tsoron kai kai tsaye ga majalisar, ya sami dalilan da ba za su auri wani daga cikinsu ba. Shekaru da yawa, kusa da Elizabeth na fi so Robert Dudeley.
Siyasar ta cikin gida
Ki yarda ya tafi a ƙarƙashin kambi, Ingizabeth ya sami wannan magana, Sarauniya ta maimaita cewa "samu tare da al'umma". Mutanen da suka gwada ta da budurwa Maryamu da ladabi - da bata, allahntawar matasa da kyakkyawa. Alamar Elizabeth ta zama Selelan, wacce take fitar da guda na naman sa don ciyar da kajin.
Tare da kyakkyawan sarauniya, gwamnatin ta karfafa, sashen kuɗi da aka kafa, da kuma cocin Angloba na Furotesta a matsayin addinin jihar. "Sarauniyar-Virgo" ta karfafa jawo hankalin da 'yan gudun hijirar zuwa Ingila. An ware kamfanonin kasuwanci a kasar, Alisabatu ta tallafa wa Alisabatu. Zai yiwu kawai lokacin da sauran bai dace ba shi ne masana'antar Agrarian. Dokokin Alisabatu da ƙarfi.
Rikicin ya karye da Spain ta tilasta wa gwamnati ta tara haraji domin cike kasafin kudi. Rashin 'yan kasuwa da monopolies masu zaman kansu daga karuwar hukumar haraji ya karu. Karshen gwamnatin Sarauniya, wacce ba ta yarda da tattalin arzikin Ingila ba. Ropot da gajiya ya karu, da majalisar adawa ta tsananta.
Elizabeth na zama sananne a matsayin mai goyon baya na fasaha. Babban mafaka na Sarauniya ta nuna wa gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya halarci ra'ayoyin mai son shiga. A cikin 1582, saratu na sarauta ya bayyana tare da hasken hasken mutum na wani, a cikin abin da Shakespeare ya shiga. Lokacin da Elizabeth na yi kuka sabon tsabar kudi: fam na zinariya da rabi. Pear ya auna gram 11,146, wanda zinariya 10,213- kyau.
Manufofin Harkokin Waje
A karshen 1550s a cikin Scotland, da tungun Furotesan Furotes Vs. Furtzenki Mary De Giz, kwanan nan da mahaifiyar Mary Stewart ya barke. Sakatare Cecil Cecil ta ba da shawarar cewa sarauniya ta ba da Furotesta, amma bai yi ƙoƙarin buɗe taimako ba, a asirce ya ba da kuɗi. Alisabatu ta ji tsoron yaƙi da Faransa.
Amma majalisar asirin ya tilasta Sarauniyar don shiga tsakani: A cikin 1560, Sojojin Ingilishi sun taimaka wa Scottish don Magungunan Scots Script. A lokacin bazara a wannan shekarar, Ingila ta sanya hannu a Edinburgh, kwangilar da suka samu nasara da kuma kawo sojojin.
Kakannin Elizabeth ya kirkiro rundunar motoci, mahaifinsa da ke inganta gurasar teku, 'yar'uwar ta aiko da balaguro don bincika a arewa maso gabas na hanyar zuwa Indiya da China. Amma a mulkin Elizabeth, Ingila ta zama ikon karewa. Harkokin siyayya da hare-hare na 'yan'uwa da kamfen na Francis drake sun fara.
Robbrary ta hanyar Sahoton Sandunan Sahadiyar Mutanen Espanya, hare-hare a kan mazauna yankin 'yan kasashen Spaniard sune sanadin yakin teku na London da Madrid. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, Ingila ta yi nasarar cin nasarar babban karfin teku a cikin 'yan Spain. Abokan adawar zargi da Sarauniya domin taimaka na 'yan fashi, amma ka'ida da "' yancin, wanda shi ne karfi" sa'an nan suka mamaye. Yaƙi a karshen 1580s tsakanin bindigogin iko na biyu sun kare kayar da babban arrada na Spain.
Elizabeth na da isowa tare da Moscow Grozny. Tsakanin kasashe biyu, dangantakar kasuwanci ta bata, farkon abin da aka sa a Sarki Edward, amma ciniki ya faru a lokacin zamanin Sarauniya-budurwa. Alisabatu ta zama ita kaɗai mace da ke da ta Ivan IV sake rubuta. Grozny ya rubuta sarauniya a karon farko a shekarar 1562, sadar da shiga cikin aure. Verentaosa Birtaniyya ta ki fushi fiye da fushin gidan Rasha. Amutizar Ivan da mummunan martani Ivan da mummunar da aka katse wasannin na shekaru 20, amma sai ta sake yin hutawa a gaban rasuwar sarki.
Rayuwar sirri
A cewar daya daga cikin juzui, da rashin yarda da Elizabeth zan ci gaba da kasancewa a karkashin kambi ta hanyar ilimin halin mutunci da kuma halin hankali. Akwai wani sigar. Sarauniyar Ingila ta sami labari mai ban sha'awa da Robert Dudley, wani aboki na yara, daga baya fiye da abin da aka fi so. Amma Dudley bai juya cikin jerin ayoyin daga majalisa ba.
Ya damu da cewa Roman Sarauniyar tare da Ubangiji ya kasance ya mutu ga mutuwar Robert Dudley a cikin 1588. Ya zama waɗanda za a kira su mata mai girma a yau. Ya damu cewa ma'auratan har ma da yara. Rahoton Spain Spain ɗin Spain daga Ingila ne aka samo haruffa wanda ya gaya wa Arthur Dudley, wanda ba shi da doka ga Ubangiji.
Tabbatar da kai tsaye na sigar kasancewar Elize ta Dan shine wasiƙar kasashen waje a farfajiyar Sarauniya, a cikin ciki ta warke "a cikin ciki." Kamfanin talabijin na Burtaniya "BBC" cire shirin "Asiri rayuwar Elizeth I", wanda ya ba da labarin shaidar uwar Sarauniya.
Mutuwa da ƙwaƙwalwa
Mutuwar da suka ƙaunace waɗanda suka rasa lafiyar Alisabatu I. A ƙarshen 1603, Sarauniya ta faɗa cikin baƙin ciki. Ventance British ta mutu a cikin bazara na wannan shekara a Richmond. Na binne Sarauniyar Bets a Westminster Abbey. Mutuwar Elizabeth na dage ƙarshen daular Tudor.
Labari na Sarauniya, ƙaddara babbar mace ta zama tushen don rubuta Dozens na littattafai da samar da fina-finai. A cikin hoton Elizabeth akan allo, Sara Bernard ya bayyana, Bett Davis da Jean Mattomons. A shekara ta 2007, an sake wasan kwaikwayo "shekaru na zinare" a kan allo, wanda ya gaya wa tarihin Sarauniyar Ingila. A cikin hoton Elizabeth, Kate Blanchekt ya bayyana.