Tari
Yawancin mutane suna karanta Artworks, da wuya tunani game da makomar marubucin. Kuma a banza, saboda wani lokacin rayuwar tarihin marubucin, mawaƙa ko litattafai ko fasali yana iya haɗuwa da eclip da ban mamaki (ko kyan gani) na aikinsa. Wata Videoukaka misali na irin wannan yarda - Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko.Yaro da matasa
An haifi mawãƙi na gaba kuma an yi wa Artist ne ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1814. Hakan ya faru da wannan taron a ƙauyen Morintes, wanda ke cikin lardin Kiev.
Iyayen Taras sune masu gyare-gyare mai sansanin soja a dan sarkin Pote Pandemkin, Sanata Vasily Engelhardta. Grigory Ivanovich Shevchenko, mahaifin yaron, sau da yawa bai da gida saboda gaskiyar cewa Chumakov - ya dauki matakin sayar da pansk alkama kamar Kiev da Odessa. Mahaifiyar Taras, Katerina Yakimovna Boyko, kwanaki suna aiki akan filayen Pan Pan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Kakana da Daliban Distan Distan Catherine ta gudanar da ilimin mawaki na gaba.
A cikin 1816, dangin Shevchenko suna motsawa zuwa Kirillovka - Stuyawa, wacce shekaru za a iya amfani da su ta girmamawa. A Kirllovka, Taras yana ciyar da ƙuruciyarsa kuma ya sadu da ƙauna ta farko Oksana Kovalenko.
A cikin 1823, saboda lodi daukaka, Katerina Yakimovna ya mutu. A wannan shekarar, uba na Taraas a Mara a karo na biyu a garin da gwauraye okana Tereshchenko kuma tana motsawa cikin gidan Shevchenko tare da yara uku. Sahihi nan da nan bai yi imani da Taraas ba, don haka yaron yana neman kariya daga mazan nan da kuma bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, da kuma bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1825 ya yanke shawarar barin gidan gaba daya.
Daga 1826 zuwa 1829, Taras yayi tsayar da damuwa inda kawai zaka iya. Wurin farko na aiki mai mahimmanci ya zama makarantar Ikklesiya ta Deight Paul ta dubura. Yana cikin ta Shevchenko ya san da tushe na karatu da rubutu. Wuri na gaba na zama yankin Dakov-iconisters - suna da Taras gane tushen zane. Baya ga irin wannan aikin, Shevchenko yana faruwa wani lokaci bakin tumakin, tara girbin tumakin, tara girbin da taimaka wa tsofaffin katako da itace.
A cikin 1829 an shirya shi a matsayin bawa ga sabon mai ƙasa - Pavel Vasilliich Engelgardt. A karo na farko yana aiki a matsayin mai dafa abinci, sannan ya zama mataimaki na mutum Sofia Grigoroevna Engelhardt, wanda ya koyar da Farans Faransa. A cikin lokacinsa na kyauta, yaron ya ci gaba da zana.
Da zarar Sofia Engeldt ta ga waɗannan zane-zane kuma kai tsaye sun nuna mijinta. Ya yaba da baiwa ga yaron, ya gano cewa zai iya samun kyakkyawan zane daga gare shi kuma ya aiko da Taras zuwa Jami'ar Vilen. Mai ba da shawara na yaron yana zama sanannen sanannen hoto na Yang Rustem.
Bayan shekara guda da rabi, Engelgardt ya aika da Shevcheko zuwa St. Petersburg - don fadada sama da horo daga kora. A cikin 1831, a karkashin jagorancin Vasily Shiraeva Tara su shiga cikin zanen gidan wasan kwaikwayon Bolshoi.
Shekaru biyar bayan haka, a lambun bazara akwai wata alama ga Shevchenko. Taron - wanda ya cire zuhaukovs, wani mai zane-zane Carl Bulaklov kuma ɗayan shugabannin Kwalejin sarki na Arts Vasily Grigorovich. Suna tausayawa saurayi kuma gane talabijin ta fasaha, saboda haka kowa yana ƙoƙarin taimakawa warware matsalar tare da fansar Taralai daga Engelhardt.
Amma maigidan ba ya son kawai ya bar Shevchenko, saboda ya riga ya kashe Guinea a cikin wannan. Tattaunawa na jinkiri na dogon lokaci kuma an fara fara zina da cewa fansho ba zai yiwu ba, amma a kan shugaban Suskan Susenko yazo ra'ayi ne mai kyau. Asalin ra'ayin shine shirya irin caca wanda hoton Zhukovsky za a buga, da Bryullov. Wanda ya yi nasara ya sami hoton hoto, kuma duk kudin da kudaden shiga zai tafi zuwa ga fansar Shevchenko.
An gudanar da irin caca a cikin Fadar Anickov. Shirya wannan taron ya taimaka a kirga velgur mikhail. Neman lashe hoton da ya samu mai yawa, komai ya juya 2500 bangles. Duk an canja wannan adadin zuwa Engelhardt a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1838. Shevchenko bai sake yin zaman ba. Yanke shawara na farko ya zama yadin shiga makarantar Arcts.
"Ina zaune ne, Na yi nazarin, Ba ni da ikon ba da kowa ba, sai dai abin da kuke so, kuma ba wanda zai hana ku," ba wanda zai hana ku wadancan lokutan a cikin diary.Litattafai
Wannan lokacin ne daga lokacin shigar da tsarin sadaka a Kwalejin Arts kuma kafin kama shi a shekarar 1847 shine mafi yawan shivchenko a cikin shirin rubutu. A cikin 1840, hackatsukan a kan aikinsa "Kobzar", wanne ne, a lokacin rayuwar mawaƙa, ba a sake buga shi ba. A cikin 1842, Taras yana buga tarihinsa da jarumai "Gaidamaki."
Na gaba SHEVCHENKO ya yanke shawarar tafiya kan tafiya a fadin Ukraine don ganin tsohuwar masaniya da samun wahayi don sabon kerawa. Gidan gidansa na waɗannan lokutan sun zama Anna Zakrevskaya da Varvara Repenin-Volkonskonkaya - na farko shi ne matar maigidan da ke da takfa, kuma na biyu shine yarima. Bayan wannan tafiya, Shevchenko ya rubuta waƙa "poplar" da kuma waƙoƙin "Katera" da "yeeretik".
A cikin ƙasa, ayyukan mawaƙa ya cika sosai, amma amsawar masu sukan masu sukar birni ne gabaɗaya - sun yi Allah wadai da kidan Shevchenko don saukin magana (dukkanin ayyukan an rubuta su ne a cikin Ukrainian).
A cikin 1845, Taras ya sake faranta wa Ukraine don yin aiki a Pereyaslav (yanzu pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky) a tsohon da aka saba santa da Andrei wanda aka saba da shi a tsohuwar likita kozacheekovsky. A cikin bayanan da ba a tabbatar ba, mawaƙi ya yi tafiya don gyara lafiyarsa. A cikin yarda da wannan ka'idar, "Alkawayar" na Shevchenko an rubuta a wannan shekarar. A wannan shekarar, waƙoƙin sa "Motnitz" da "Caucasusus" fito.
Bayan kozacchekovsky, da zane-zane na Harkokin Hukumar ArchaeGraaddamarwa, Dama a Pereyaslavl. Babban aikinsa a wancan lokacin - yin zane-zane na Archaeological da na tarihi na birni (Pokrovsky Cathedral, dutse dutse na St. Boris da sauran).
A cikin 1846, mawaƙi ya koma Kiev, inda ya gayyaci wani dogon lokaci da aka saba - masanin tarihi Nikolai Kostomarov. Kostomarov zai dauki Shevchenko zuwa sabon tsari na Kirllo-Wireisa. Mawaki ba ya fahimtar cewa ya zama ya jawo hankalin zuwa wani yanki na siyasa. Wurare ya zo lokacin da aka kama masu halartar kamfanin da suka fara.
Don tabbatar da haɗin Tara na Tara zuwa ga fasali na uku, amma asalin reshe na uku na ofishin sahabbai Alexei Orlov shine ayah ", wanda ya ga abinda ya yi wa al'adar gwamnati da kiran tawaye. A matsayin horo a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1847, an aika wa marubucin da Orburg daban don ya cika sabis ɗin daukar ma'aikata. Hakanan ana haramta Shevchenko don rubutawa da zana, wanda ya zama mummunan rauni ga Shevchenko.
Mawaƙa Zhukovsky, ƙidaya Alexey Tolstoy da gimbiya Varcessara Repenina-Volkonskaya suna ƙoƙarin taimakawa Taraas. Abinda kawai suka shiga cimma izini shine izinin Tara su rubuta haruffa. A cikin wasiƙar, kozacchkovsky Shevcheken ya aika da aya "Lyakh" ("layana"), rubuce-rubuce game da mutanen da suke aiki da shi daga Poland.
Komawa ayyukan zane-zane, dan kadan na ɗan lokaci, mai yiwuwa ne lokacin tafiya zuwa Tekun Aar (1848-1849). Janar Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchich Obruchev a asirce ya ba da damar zane na Areat (don rahoto akan tafiya). Amma wani ya koya game da wannan kuma ya ba da rahoton jagoranci. A sakamakon haka, gabaɗaya yana karɓar babban tsawatawa, da kuma an aika da Shevchenko zuwa sabon sabon wurin, wanda sojoji novopetrovsk ke zama (yanzu birnin Fort ShevChenko a Kazakhstan).
Har ila yau, akwai hana a kan zane, don haka Taras yayi kokarin sculpt daga yumbu kuma ɗaukar hotunan hoto (Dandager Fizypes). Tare da yumɓu bai yi aiki ba, da daukar hoto a lokacin ya yi tsada sosai. Shevchenko ya sake fara rubutu, amma wannan lokacin Propicer yana aiki a Rasha - "Mawaƙa", "Gemini" da sauransu. Wuta ce aya ce ta "khokhli" (1851).
A shekara ta 1857, bayan an sake karuwa ta gaba ta FYodor Petrovich, mai ban tsoro na Tolstoy II yana fama da hukuncin da mahaifinsa Nikolai I.
Rayuwar sirri
Yana fitowa don 'yanci, Shevchenko yana tunanin ƙirƙirar dangi. Yunkurin farko da zai yi aure shine gabatarwar, wanda a rubuta wa mawaƙin da Catherine Piunova. Kafin hakan, mawaƙin ya samo wannan ɗan wasan kwaikwayon na gidan wasan kwaikwayon kuma muna fatan za ta yarda, amma na kuskure. Game da ƙoƙari na biyu shine kusan babu abin da ba a sani ba, sai dai cewa ana kiran matar ta Haritta kuma an ƙarfafa ta.
Na uku amarya Shevchengo kuma ta karye. Sunan ya kasance mai lucker Polidakov. Mawayi ya kashe kuɗi mai yawa a ilimin ta, fim din da yarinyar wani gida, ya sayi abinci, tufafi da littattafai. Taras na so siyan ta daga mai ƙasa, amma ya ƙi wannan ra'ayin bayan ya same ta a ɗakin kwana tare da ɗayan masu tuttoci. Forearin Taras Shevchenko bai yi tunanin auren ba, maimakon haka, ya sake buga aikin, haramun ne ya zama harafin "Rasha ta Rasha" - farkon littattafan da aka shirya masa.
Komawa ga rayuwar mawaƙa ta sirri, yana da daraja ambaci farkon litattafansa na farko. Loveaunar farko ta mawãjiyar wa yarinyar daga ƙauyen Kirillolovka Oksana Kovalenko. A cikin kagara, da volresses na mawakacin sun kasance Anna Zagrevskaya (an sadaukar da ita Zagrevskaya (an sadaukar da ita Zagrevskaya (an ba ta "idan muka sake haduwa") da Varara Repenina-Varsonkaya.
A cikin shekarun sabis a cikin shekaru sabis a cikin novopetrovsk karfafa, Shevchenko ya sadu da asirce tare da Agata Uskovova, wanda ya kasance matar wani shugaban kasa. Akwai bayani game da sauran litattafan mawaƙa, amma babu tabbataccen tabbaci.
Mutuwa
Mawaya ya mutu a St. Petersburg, inda ya kasance na farko binne binne. Hakan ya faru a 1861, ranar haihuwar Tarorin Taras Grigorievich. Sanadin mutuwa - Ascites (ciki). An yi imani cewa laifin wannan cuta ita ce wuce haddi na giya, wanda mawuyacin ne aka kamu da mawuyacin hali. Yana cewa shi ne wanda ya shirya kulob din "UREYe hanya", wanda membobinsu suka nutsar da tunani game da rayuwa, kuma a karshen Rulky ta zaɓi "gaskiyarsa.
Wuri na fari na binatawar mawaƙi shi ne smolodo hurumi na Orthodox na smolodox na smolodox, amma daga baya ya biya a bakin ciki mai bakin ciki, a cewar Sabon Alkawari, a cewar Sabon Alkawari. A cikin tunawa da mawaka, da aka sake suna mata da yawa, titi tare da sunansa da kuma dutsen zuwa ga mawaƙa da ke cikin kowane wuri a cikin Ukraine. Sunansa har ma da karamin shinge akan Mercury.
Littafi daya
- 1838 - "Katerina"
- 1839 - "Zuwa ainihin"
- 1840 - "Kobzar"
- 1842 - Gaidamaki "
- 1845 - "Duma"
- 1845 - "Alkawari"
- 1845 - "Motnitz"
- 1847 - "Lyakh"
- 1851 - "khokhli"
- 1855 - "Gemini"
- 1856 - "Artist"
- 1860 - "Rashanci na Rasha"