Tari
A cikin Cinema akwai ajali mai "Actor guda ɗaya" - saboda haka ake kira Proforers wanda shahararsu ke iyakance ga rawar da ɗaya. A matsayin misali - Makolai kamin daga "gida ɗaya" da "gida ɗaya - 2". A cikin wallafe-wallafen babu irin wannan kalmar, amma zaka iya ciyar da layi daya - shahararrun wasu marubutan sun dogara ne akan aiki guda ("tsalle-tsalle na Cuckmoo na Cuckoo (" Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle). Daga cikin irin waɗannan "marubutan littafi guda" za a iya danganta su ga Harley harley harley.Yaro da matasa
An haife marubucin nan gaba a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1926. Hakan ya faru ne a Monrovail, karamin garin Alabama. Nell harper Lee (wannan yana jin cikakken sunan marubucin) - ƙarami na yara niha koningham da Cunningham Finch Lee.
Dangane da membobin 'yar'uwar Nel Allish, wanda marubucin yake kusa da mutuwar mutuwa, har ma da matsaloli na kawo wa iyaye, da' yan'uwa maza da mata. Sai yarinyar ta zama abokai tare da wani maƙwabta da abokin karatunta, wanda daga baya ya zama marubuci tare da ɗaukaka ta -.
A shekara ta 1931, taron cewa an yi wa jama'ar ƙasa duka game da mutanen daga Scottsboro. Dangane da wannan yanayin, baƙar fata tara daga garin Scottsboro (Alabama) sun yi fyade da 'yan mata biyu. Tun kafin a gaban shari'ar, mazauna garin kusan sun kusan rikice waɗannan mutanen. Mutane ba su dakatar da sakamakon rashin lafiyar da aka kammala ba, a cewar da 'yan matan ba su yi fyade ba.
Sakamakon haka, Juzincin, wanda ya kunshi kawai daga jikoki guda hudu ya sanar da hukuncin mafi munin azaba a cikin jihar - hukuncin kisa a cikin jihar - hukuncin kisa. Kaɗan ɗan harpermber ya tuna da ubansa, wanda a wancan lokacin ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya kuma yana sha'awar wannan kasuwancin. Daga baya, marubucin yana amfani da tunaninsa lokacin rubuta littafin farko.
Bayan kammala karatu daga makaranta a 1944, Harper ya shiga kwalejin mace, wanda ke farauta a Huntingdon. Na yi karatu a kwaleji, yarinyar ta gabatar da takardu ga Jami'ar Alabama don nazarin hukunta na shekaru hudu masu zuwa. Wannan sana'a an zaɓi shi ne mahaifin yarinyar wacce ta kasance a wannan lokacin mai ban sha'awa.
A shekarar 1945, a kan shirin musayar ɗalibai, na shekara daya, jami'a ta fada cikin Jami'ar Oxford, amma ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba, yarinyar ta jefa wani jami'a kuma tana tafiya zuwa madawwamin wurin zama a New York, inda shi yana shirin zama marubuci.
Ayyukan farko na Harper ya rubuta a Jami'ar Alabama, a dakin kwanan dalibai na dalibi "Hee Omega". Waɗannan ayyukan ƙananan labarai ne da almara, wanda yarinyar ta cika hannunsa. Af, a daidai lokacin - daga 1945 zuwa 1949 - Harper Lee yana aiki a matsayin editan Journal na gida.
Don rayuwa akan wani abu kuma ya biya ɗan cirewa mai cirewa, an shirya yarinyar ne don yin aiki da farko a sararin samaniya na Gabas, kuma bayan "Gasar kasashen Airways na Burtaniya". A cikin jiragen sama biyu, yarinyar tana aiki tikiti don siyar da tikiti. Wannan yana faruwa har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1950s.
Litattafai
Bayan harper mukai don buga labarai da yawa, ya yi hayar wakilai na rubutu na farko a cikin faduwar 1956. A karshen wannan shekara, tsohuwar abokanta Michael da Murnar Brown suna ba da mafi mahimmancin kyauta a rayuwar marubucin - biya shekara-shekara.
"Za ku sami daidai shekara guda don rubuta duk abin da kuke so," sun rubuta a cikin gidan waya.A lokacin wannan hutu, yarinyar tana da lokaci don rubuta jerin labarun da aka haɗa da gwarzo ɗaya. Wadannan labarai, ta yanke shawarar danganta ga gidan bugawa "Lippint, Williams da Villyuns". Editan-in-shugimal CHAM na Tei Holofoff Forly ya amsa wa aikin yarinyar, amma ya ba da shawarar sosai cewa duk waɗannan labarun a cikin littafin labari ɗaya.
A sakamakon haka, a lokacin bazara na 1960, "kashe bugun" yana zuwa haske - wani littafi wanda ya yi shahara da ƙaunar masu karanta duniya. Hatta masu sukar sun gane cewa labari yana da kyau. Ga littafin littafin sayarwa, marubuci ɗan shekara talatin da haihuwa ya karbi kyautar Pulitzer a cikin nadin "mafi kyawun zane-zane na shekara".
A shekarar 1962, nuna allo da Darakta Robert Malligan ("Grand Robert MAGIGan (" Great alltun "," sama matakala ne ya jagoranci "," a lokaci guda na gaba, shekara mai zuwa, "" Mutum a wata "). An zabi fim din ga Oscar kuma ya samu. Hakanan yana samun wani Kinonagrada - "Golden Duniya". A lokacin fim, harper ya gudanar da rawa tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ma'aikatan fim, amma tana da babbar dangantaka da Pec, wanda ta gabatar da karfin mahaifinta a matsayin lada a matsayin da aka kashe.
Bayan nasarar da labari, marubucin, tare da abokinsa aboki, Dikokin Hood ya tafi Holkomb (Kansas) don tattara kayan don labarin manomi da kuma iyalinsa. A cikin 1966, a kan waɗannan kayan, hood ya wallafa ɗayan shahararrun ayyukansa - "Mai sanyaya kisan gilla", wanda ya sami kyautar Edgar a cikin nadin "mafi kyawun mai binciken", da kuma jaka mai zurfi "da dama. Harper yana juyawa ga wani abu.
A duk tsawon rayuwar Lee ya rubuta essays da labarai, amma wani lokacin ana ɗaukar shi don manyan siffofin. Mafi shahararren yunƙurin rubuta sabon labari ana ɗaukar sabon tsari ne game da kisan da aka kashe daga halin da aka yi. Aikin bai so marubuci ba, kuma ta yanke shawarar kawar da shi, kamar yadda ya yi aiki da wasu ayyukan biyu, wadanda ke faruwa a zahiri.
A shekarar 1966, Shugaban Lindon Johnson ya nada shi ga Majalisar Takardar Art ta kasar. A cikin 1983, Harper, Harper ya wallafa Essa "Roman da kasada", wanda Tarihin Alabama da Izanar Tarihi. A lokaci guda, ko yanke shawarar komawa ƙasar gari na Monrovill. A shekara ta 1999, Jaridar Liberner na Amurka tana kiran littafin "Kashe simintin" mafi kyawun littafin Amurka na ƙarni.
A shekara ta 2005, a Los Angeles, harper ta karbi kyautar ma'aikatar kula da jama'a kan cimma a adabin. Shekarar mai zuwa, Lee ta karɓi digiri na daraja na Jami'ar Karnafawa. A wannan shekarar, marubucin ya ba ɗayan tambayoyin da ke da kansa a cikin hanyar bude wasika ta jagoran Opheera Winfrey.
"Yanzu, bayan shekaru 75, suna zaune a cikin amintattun al'umma, wanda kowane sakan da ke da kwamfyutoci," Apad da fanko, "in ji Harper Lee.A shekara ta 2007, marubucin ya samu daga hannun Shugaba na yanzu George Bush, babbar kyautar farar hula ta kasar - lambar 'yanci mafi girma. Watanni uku bayan haka, yana jurewa. Saboda wannan, harper dole ya matsa zuwa gidan kula da gidan kula da kasancewa a ƙarƙashin kulawar ma'aikatansa.
A cikin 2014, Elis ya mutu - yar 'yar uwa marubucin. Harper yana gudana cikin baƙin ciki. Halin da ake canzawa kadan ne lokacin da ba a shirya Roman harper "Go, sanya Storam", wanda marubucin da marubucin kawo a cikin labaran bugawa a cikin 1957, aka samo shi a cikin ingantacciyar alice. A zahiri, aikin ci gaba ne "kashe Motar", amma a zahiri an rubuta shi tun fil. Harper da kanta tabbatacciyar ce cewa wannan rubutun ya ɓace.
New marubucin wakili na rubuce-rubuce Andrew Nureberg da tsohuwar masanin Tonya Carter, lauyan lauya, ya taimaka wa littafin don isa ga mai shela. Marubucin da kansa bai yi sharhi ba game da bayyanar "tafi, sanya tsare" akan shelves na kantin sayar da littattafai. Akwai ka'idar cewa wannan labari wani abu ne na hoax kuma, a gaskiya, ba a rubuta ba. Littafin labari "Kashe simintin" ya zo da tsarin karatun don yaran makaranta na ƙasashe da yawa (ciki har da Rasha), da kuma kwatancen daga aikin ya tafi wurin mutane.
Rayuwar sirri
Kusan shekaru 90 na rayuwa, marubucin bai yi aure ba. Sauran yara kuma basu yi ba.
Akwai jita-jita game da abin da ya ƙunsa tare da marubucin Truman Good da Actor Gregory sun yi jayayya cewa jin daɗin jin daɗin jin daɗin jin daɗin masu jin daɗi.
Mutuwa
Marubucin ya mutu a shekara ta 2016 a daren daga 18 zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu. Hakan ya faru a cikin mafarki - yana da sauki kuma mai zafi.Littafi daya
- 1960 - "Kashe Crossbar"
- 1961 - "Soyayya a cikin wasu kalmomin"
- 1961 - "Kirsimeti a gare ni"
- 1965 - "Lokacin da yara suke koyon Amurka"
- 1983 - "Roman da kasada"
- 2006 - Buɗe harafi Opera Winfrey
- 2015 - "tafi, ka sanya tsare"