Tari
Mikhail Kalashnikov - Soviet da Rasha mai zanen, mahaliccin injin din Kalashnikov, wanda ya saba wa mazauna da jihohin duniya.Yaro da matasa
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov an haife shi ne ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1919. Maj Mikhail Timofeevich Kalalnikov shine ƙauyen yankin Kury Altai. Maikinin ya faru ne daga babban iyali, wanda aka haife yara 19, amma mutane 8 ne suka tsira, gami da Mikhail Timofeevich. Iyayen Kalashnikov sun kasance masu karba.
Timofey Alexandrovich a cikin 1930 aka gane shi a matsayin dunkulallen, don haka aka tura dangin zuwa ƙauyen ƙananan Mokhovaya Tomsk yankin. Tunda yaro, saurayin matasa ya nuna sha'awa a cikin hanyoyin fasaha, nazarin ka'idodin aikin aiki. A cikin shekarun makarantar, Kalashnikov ya nuna ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, amma kuma a sauƙaƙe shi da sauƙi a rubuce.
Bayan kammala karatun, Mikhail Timofeevich ya yanke shawarar komawa Alta, amma ban sami aiki a yankin ba, don haka na koma dangi. Saboda dangin dunkawa, ba za su iya karɓar fasfo na dogon lokaci Kalashnikov, amma sai ya ba da hatimin kwararrun na gida a cikin takardar shaidar da takaddar ta hannu.
Mikhail sake sake komawa Altai. A wannan lokacin, akwai wanda ya sani na farko da na'urar makamai. Saurayi ya sami damar watsa bindigar Brown. A lokacin da Kalashnikov ya juya shekara 18, zanen ya motsa zuwa Kazakhstan. Mutumin da ya yi hayar a saman tashar Matay ta Stibertan - Siberiya. Mikhail bai kawai sadarwa tare da kulawar da ke kulawar da keke ba, amma kuma ya sami ilimi game da dabarar da ke yaba tun yana yara.
A cikin 1938, Mikhail Timofeevich ya tafi don yin hidima a cikin Red Army. Sabis ɗin ya faru ne a gundumar Sovi na musamman. Bayan wani lokaci, Kalashnikov ya zama injin tanki, bayan da aka canja mai zanen zuwa rukunin tanki na 12. A yayin sabis ɗin a cikin sahun sojojin Red Army, Mikhail ya haifar da yanayin rashin tsaro daga bindiga mai tank. Hakanan, tsakanin ci gaban saurayi, kayan aiki sun kasance don haɓaka tasirin harbi na TT PISOL, mita motar tanki.
A cikin 1942, an aika wannan na'urar don samar da taro. Abin takaici, ayyukan soja sun hana aiwatar da aikin. Game da wannan kayan aikin Kalashnikov ya ruwaito shi daga gundumar sojan Kiev na musamman, Georgy Zhukov.
Bayan tattaunawar, Mikhail Timodeevich an aika zuwa Makarantar Kiv Tank, inda ya haifar da mahimmancin bincike da gudanar da bincike. Daga baya, Kalashnikov ya koma Moscow, inda ci gaba da aiki akan kayan aiki. Riga a kan shuka leeningrad. Vorososhilova mikhail tare da Masters gyara counter.
Mai zanen kaya
A lokacin babban yakin mai kishin kasa, Kalashnikov ya karbi mummunan rauni, haka kuma makonni da dama ya bi da shi a asibiti, kuma bayan wani mutum da aka aiko shi da wani mutum. A wannan karon, Mikhail Timofeevich, wanda aka sadaukar da halittar bindiga mai inji.Bayan nasa samfurin da aka kawo wa yanayin da ake so, Kalashnikov ya tura shi zuwa gasar. Hukumar addu'a ba ta dandana ba, tun da, a cewar kwararru, makamai suna da tsada da wahala. Don kwatantawa, PPS da PPS an ɗauka. Duk da wannan, ƙwarewar mai ƙira ya lura.
A cikin 1942, Mikhail Timofevichch yana ɗaukar sabis ɗin babban bindigogi na Red Armylery. Wani mutum ya ceci makamai a cikin sahu na ma'aikata. Jigogi ya ba Kalashnikov wani sabon aiki: Ana buƙatar mai zanen don haɓaka makami, ɗaukar "matsakaici" kewayon katako na 7.62x39 mm. Bindiga ko injin dole ne ya sami kewayon harbi na minti 200-800.
Baya ga Mikhail Timofeevich, masu gina garkuwa da su sunada kwarewa sun halarci gasar. Godiya ga wannan, Farabarer kai na kai Simonoov ya bayyana a cikin Sojoji, bindiga na manual na digiri na digiri na Digtyarev. Automan Automon Kalashnikov yana wakiltar ƙayyadadden zane. Babu wani daga cikin samfurori na bindigogi na kusantar bukatun gasar. Mataki na farko ya ƙare tare da tsaftacewa, kuma na biyu - nasarar matasa mahalarta. A yanar gizo Zaka iya ganin hoton Kalashnikov, wanda yake son aikin.
Mikhail Timofeevich bai shiga cikin sauri ba da sauri don shiga cikin bidi'a, da kuma mahalarta ba za a kira su ba. A halin yanzu, an tsara injin daga raka'a masu inganci da ƙimar da aka gwada a aikace. Makamai na iya harba a kowane yanayi, ciki har da bayan faɗuwar ruwa, datti. Babu wahala a cikin tsaftacewa da rarrabuwa.
Godiya ga shahararren zane, ana iya samar da injin Kalashnikov akan kayan aikin da ke da shi a adadi mai yawa. An san farashin makamai a matsayin ƙasa. Mikhail Timofeevichichic yana haifar da injin atomatik ba a matsayin mai zanen kaya ba, amma a matsayin mai zanen kaya, wanda yake da mahimmanci cewa na'urar mai sauki ce, dadi da fahimta.
A 30, mikhail Kalashnikov ya zama mai ɗaukar nauyin kyautar Stalinist. Maƙerin ya sami tsarin jan tauraro don ci gaba na musamman. Nan da nan bayan haka, an tura injin don samar da kayan aikin Armater na Izhevian. Mai zanen ya koma hannun Udmurtia don yin aiki da sauri shiga cikin halittar makamai. Mikhail Timofeevichichic koyaushe yana inganta sabuwar dabara.
Na dogon lokaci, Kalashnikov yayi kokarin kafa samarwa, tun lokacin da ake samun yawan aure da aka samu aure, ciki har da a cikin akwatin jiki. Malami ya canza fasahar, dakatar da zabi a kan milling, wanda ya karantar da kera kayan aiki. Da zaran an yanke shawara, koma zuwa farkon ra'ayin.
Ba da daɗewa ba Gunsmith ya kirkiro sabon gyara na Akm. Daga wannan lokacin, injunan da bindiga da bindiga Kalashnikov ta zama babban karamin kayan masarawa, kamar yadda halittun Simonov da DogonV da kuma aka cire su daga samarwa. A cikin 70s, sun yanke shawarar daukar katako mai ƙasƙanci 5.45x39 mm. Gasa ta sanar a tsakanin masu zanen kaya. Mikhail Titofeevich an sake bayar da nasara.
Komawa a cikin 50s, makaman Kalashnikov sun fara kawo wa kawancen kungiyar a kan kungiyar Warsaw yarjejeniya, zuwa wasu ƙasashe waɗanda ke cikin dangantakar abokantaka. Amma Kasuwancin Black Wurin ya bunƙasa a wancan zamani, saboda haka yawancin ma'aikatan ƙasa suka fara kwafin halittar Mikhail Timofeevich.
Kamfanoni na kasashen waje sun ɗauka a matsayin tushen Kalashnikov ta atomatik, amma ridda ta hanyar ci gaba, wanda aka fi bayyana shi a cikin sabon ƙira. Duk da cewa makamin ya karbi sabon suna a cikin kowace ƙasa, AK zauna. Autinikov's Automaton yana kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mashahuri kuma abin dogara ne a duniya. AK ya mallaki 15% na duniyar da duniya.
A cikin 1963, Mikhail Timofeevich ya fara bunkasa rpcs sanye da kayan kwalliyar Butt da daddare. A lokaci guda, Kalashnikov yayi ƙoƙarin haɓaka bindiga ta atomatik don katako 9x18. Amma Gunsmith ba zai iya yin gasa da Stechkin ba. Mikhail Timofeevich, Mikhail Timofeevich, ba zai iya biyan isasshen adadin da hankali ga wannan ci gaba ba.
Tuni a cikin shekarun 1970, Kalashnikov ya gwada sabon tsari na aiki - farauta carbines. A matsayin tushen bindigogi ya ɗauki injin nasa. Nan da nan bayan gwaji, an aika da Karabina zuwa samarwa. A cikin 1992, Jagora yana haifar da ɗaukar hoto mai farauta "Saiga", sanye take da gani da gani.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin tarihin game da Mikhail Kalashnikov akwai aure 2. Matar ta farko da mutumin ita ce Ekaterina Danilavna Astakhov, wanda aka haife shi a yankin Altai, bayan ya yi aiki a tashar jirgin saman tashar jirgin ƙasa. A cikin 1942, dan Victor ya bayyana a cikin iyali. Daga baya, Mikhail Timofeevich da Ekaterina Danilovna ta fashe. Tsohon ma'aurata da yaron ya kasance a Kazakhstan. A cikin 1956, mace ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani, haka Kalashnikov ya wuce Son zuwa IZHEVSK.
Matar ta biyu Mikhail Timofeevich ta zama Ekaterina Viktavna Moiseeva. Mace ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha mai zanen. Daga aure na farko, matar tana da 'yar Neleli. Amma Kalashnikov ya ƙaddamar da yarinyar.
Daga baya, dangin sun bayyana a cikin dangi - Natalia da Elena, na karshen sun mamaye shafin shugaban gidajen Jama'ar jama'a. M.t. Kalashnikova. Abin takaici, Natalia ta mutu a cikin shekaru 30. Mikhail Timofeevich ya bi da mahaifinsa mai farin ciki da kakaninsa. Yara sun gabatar da jikoki biyar: Mikhail, Alexander, Evgenia da Alexander, Igor.
Mutuwa
Matsalar kiwon lafiya ta Calashnikov ta bayyana a shekarar 2012. Addinin mai zanen ya bayyana cewa wannan shine sanadin kulawa daga aiki. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, an kwashe wani asibiti da aka kwashe shi ga Clinical Clinical ta Jam'iyyar Republican da bincike na binciken binciken. An rubuta wani lalacewar da kyau a lokacin bazara na 2013. Ta hanyar jirgin sama na ma'aikatar yanayi na musamman da kayan aiki na musamman, Mikhil Timofeevich an isar da Moscow."A dangane da bukatar neman likita, likitoci sun yanke shawarar tura Mikhail Timofevich zuwa daya daga cikin asibitocin Mikhail," in ji Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa.Likitocin Moscow sun gano da bindigogin ThromboBolism na dunkulewar na huhu. A cikin 'yan makonni sama da Kalashnikov, likitocin kwastomomi Corpollitan. A sakamakon haka, da rayuwar mutum ya inganta, bayan da mai zanen ya koma gida zuwa IZhevsk.
A watan Nuwamba, Mikhail Timofaevich sake sake jin dadi, don haka 17 na mai zanen ya asibiti zuwa Udmurtia. 'Yan'uwan Kalashnikov sun yi imani cewa jihar' ya shafi shirye-shiryen bikin don bikin a ranar bikin 94 na Mikhail Timofeevich.
A farkon Disamba, Kalashnikov ya gudanar da aikin gaggawa, amma ya dauki nauyin aikin ya kara wa jihar Estructor. Bayan wata daya, inganta abubuwan da ake gani bai lura da likitoci ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin mutuwar bindigogin da aka canza zuwa kulawa sosai saboda zub da jini na ciki. Mutuwar Mikhail Timofeevich ya zama sananne a ranar 23 ga Disamba.
Farewell zuwa Mikhail Kalashnikov ya faru ne a ranar 25 ga Disamba, kuma parhid ya faru a cikin Mai Tsarki na IZHEVSK. A dangane da mutuwar mai zanen a Udmurtia, makoki a kan umarnin yankin da aka ayyana. An gudanar da jana'izar Kalashnikov a cikin Pantheon na jaririn sojan doki na tarayya.
A wajen bikin kama, jami'ai da manyan mutanen jihar, ciki har da Vladimir Putin da Sergei Voroguv, da Sergey Ivanov, sun kasance a bikin kama. Ta'aziyya ta ta'azantar da babban darektan Babban Daraktan Chezov na jihar Rostech. Wani abin tunawa ga Mikhail Kalashnikov ya bayyana a zobe na gonar a cikin Moscow. An ba da ƙwararrun makami da aka kirkira "Star Golden" da "rashin lafiya da guduma".
Tunani
A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar mai girma na kirkira, da yawa zane-zane da tsarin zane-zane sun harbe. Ofaya daga cikin finafinan haske - "Kalashnikov", aka buga a cikin 2020th. Matsayin Mikhail Timofeevich Playor Yuri Borisov.
Ƙirƙira
- Shots na ciki na bindiga na bindiga
- AK-47
- Gun Gun Kalashnikov
- Dinjja Gun Kalashnikov
- Kalashnikov inji 100 jerin
- Loading farauta carbine "Saiga"
- Gun Kahashnikov
Lambobin yabo
- 1946 - Lambar ruwa "don nasara a kan Jamus a cikin babban yakin kima na 1941-1945"
- 1947 - oda na juyin juya halin Oktoba
- 1949 - Umarni na Red Star
- 1958, 1969, 1976 - oda na Lenin
- 1958, 1976 - gwarzo na aikin gurguzu
- 1958, 1976 - Lambar ruwa "mara lafiya da guduma"
- 1975 - oda na Red Banner
- 1982 - tsari na abokantaka
- 1985 - tsari na yakin da na yaki na digiri
- 1993 - Zhakiv lambar
- 1994 - oda "don sabis ga mahaifina" II digiri
- 1998 - tsari na manzo Andrei da aka kira
- 2004 - oda "don aikin soja"
- 2009 - gwarzo na kungiyar Rasha
- 2009 - Medal "Star Golden"