Tari
Heraklit wani abu ne da ya fi so na bincike a cikin tsoffin nazarin halittu da kuma cikin masana kimiyyar zamani. Sun yi kokarin ware koyarwar falsafa ta duhu daga rashin jin daɗin rayuwa da kuma abin mamaki. Saboda haka sunan falsafar Falsafar - grclite duhu ko herclite yana da baƙin ciki. Matsayin mabuɗin a cikin nazarin rayuwa, kuma musamman musamman, wannan falsafa ta zama mai magani mai ban mamaki, wanda yake haifar da ƙiyayya, wanda yake haifar da ƙiyayya da masu karatu.
Rashin jituwa, da tabbaci ga wani gwargwado, kai ga tsaunukan da ba a sansu ba lokacin da Heraclit ya mutu, aka binne shi cikin almarar. Don fahimtar wannan mutuwa, wajibi ne don la'akari da tarihin al'adun Heraclit dalla-dalla, saboda amsawar masu fahimtar rayuwa ta gaskiya game da rayuwar da cikakkun bayanan mutuwar wannan sirrin yana da mahimmanci.
Yaro da matasa
An haife Heraclit a cikin birnin Afisa (Land da Turkiyya ta Turkiyya). Ba a san ainihin ranar falsafar ba, kusan 540 kafin BC. A al'adance, Heraclit ana ɗaukar zuriyar iyali ne na iyali, a cewar wasu kafofin, sunan Falsafar - Geracon ko Bloson. Tun da yake yaro, yaron bai bambanta da takobi, ya taka tare da wasu yara a cikin kakar ba (Analoogue na wasan a kashi).
Wannan shine kawai hangen nesa don gaji ikon mahaifinsa, saurayin bai so ba. Dangane da masana tarihi, ya ki hawan dan uwansa, kuma shi da kansa ya rayu a cikin Haikalin Artemis, tare da wasa tare da 'yan' yan 'yan' yan wasa.
Bayani game da rayuwa da koyarwar masanin falsafa daga Afisas isa zamaninmu daga ayyukan Diorogen, wanda ya yi wani bibra na falsafar falsafa. Dioren a cikin matani da farko na fassara wannan don tabbatar da karimci na Heraclit, kuma daga baya ana kiranta fahariya, wanda ake kira girman kai, girman kai ko kuma ko da raini.
Godiya ga waɗannan halaye, halin Heraclit daga baya ya zama ba da labari. Don haka, fahimtar aikin da kuma falsafa na Heraclita ya fara da waɗannan halayen mutum. Ba malamai ko mabiyan Herckon ba su da, sai an fahka shi daga birnin Atlas.
Heraclit sau da yawa ya ce malamai ba za su koyar da ɗaliban hikima ba, in ba haka ba Xenophane zai koyar, da Pythagora. Wani kuma magana ta ce homer ya cancanci cewa an doke shi kuma itace a cikin wasannin ban tsoro. Wannan yana nuna manyan siffofin halayyar halayyar Hercelite - girman kai da kuma irin tunanin mutane. Dalilin wannan dangantakar mai sauki ne - wadannan mutane ba su sami hikima ba, a cewar Heraclitus.
Masana'antacce daga matasa sun dauke wadanda ba su sansu ba kuma wawa. A cikin tattaunawar wasu masana falsafa ba su shiga ba, ba su dauki nasa ra'ayoyin da nuna wariyar launin fata ba, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da maganganun Falsafar. Ana tabbatar da babban ra'ayoyin na falsafa cewa an tabbatar da cewa ingantacciyar asalin a duniya ita ce yaki, da mutuwar mutum yana ba da rai. Daga baya, Melaklite ya kasance kamar yadda ake adawa da kada dimbin dimbin dimbin dimbin dimbin dimbind.
Falsafa da koyarwar
Ra'ayoyin Herclica suna da ban mamaki da kuma rashin jituwa. Kusan dukkan aikinsa yana da fassarar mai ma'ana. Bugu da kari, kafin lokacinmu shine asalin asalin ba su kai ga gwajin Fa'awar duniya ba, an san ayyukan da wasu masana falsafa kawai game da binciken duniya. Heraclita yana da fahimtarta na hikima. Bai nuna tunani kai tsaye ba - kawai a cikin nau'in asrinees ko alamu. Saboda haka, sunan barkono na biyu na Heraclita - da masanin waka, bai rubuta a cikin ayoyi ba, amma tunaninsa yana da yawahorab, wanda yayi kama da sutturar waƙa.
Ikon fahimtar aikin Finsher yana da ilimi sosai kuma yana tunanin mutane ne kawai. Ko da Socrates ta rubuta cewa karamin bangare na ra'ayoyin Herctite da aka warwatsa, amma ya same su da kyau. Bugu da kari, Afisofer na falsafa ya ƙirƙira wata hanya ta musamman: ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa don isar da nau'ikan misalai masu sauƙin, a matsayin mai aiwatar da abubuwa a cikin yanayi.
Saboda haka mabiyan kansu sun zo ga falsafar da ke tunani ko da na musamman na ƙarshe. Hadarin Heraclitus ga ci gaban Falsafa na Greek shine gabatarwar tambarin Logos avityal. Da farko, an fahimci maganar a matsayin "yana cewa" da "ma'ana". Yanzu Logos yana nuna ma'anar kasancewa da kuma tsarin duk data kasance.
Koyarwar Herakli na Logos alama ce ta zanen duniya, inda ana kiyaye jituwa tare da wahalance. Don haka, a cikin koyarwar Falsafar, jituwa da yanayin sararin samaniya. Amma mutum bai iya fahimtarsa ba kuma ya yi la'akari da maganarsa, tambarin nasa, sama da duniya.
Hormmonation yana cikin hadin kai: "Dukkanin kwarara", ana canzawa zuwa ga fannoni daban-daban, amma tambarin ya kasance koyaushe. Ambaton "sau biyu a kogi ɗaya ba za ku shiga" yana ci gaba ba. A zamanin yau, wannan magana ta sami sabon ma'ana, amma har yanzu yana nuna tunanin masana tarihin marubucin.
Canza canjin al'amari da kuma abubuwan da ke da kwayoyin halitta da kuma abubuwan da Heraclit da ake kira duniya na yanzu kuma sun yi imani da cewa komai na duniya ba kawai ya ɗauki canji na dindindin ba, har ma da masu adawa. Yaracewar ran mutum da falsafa ya wakilta kamar haka: Rabin ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu - daraja (wuta) da ba kuɗi (ruwa). Wutar Heraklit ta asali ce.
Heraclit ya kuma gabatar da manufar "Wuta ta Duniya", a cikin wane sarari ne ya lalata sarari don sake farfadowa. Ka'idar lalata sarari da Hegel ta kasance cikin karni na XVIIIIIIIIERMAR bai san wutar abubuwan farko ba. Ya bambanta da dokokin heraklite na canji na kwayoyin halitta, manyan ra'ayoyin wata tsohuwar ta Greek ta Greek - wacce ta rayu a cikin lokaci guda, suka gama da wannan batun, akai-akai.
A karni na 4 BC. Masu fafutuka na nactachophosphy plato, Aristotle ya saka hannun jari a cikin sabon ma'ana ga kalmar "tambarin", bayan an hana ma'anar al'adun sa. Da kuma mabiyan makarantar stocism sun mayar da tambarin na jigon sararin samaniya. Af, kalmar "cosmos" kuma ta gabatar da Heraclitis. Wani ɓangare na masu binciken na herakliite ne ga masana kimiyya da masu halaye, kuma ba ga masana falsafa ba. An yi bayani game da gaskiyar cewa aikin Neraclitus, wanda ya zo ga wannan rana, ana kiranta "akan yanayi".
Aikin yana da irin ɗaruruwan ɗari na maganganun maganganu, wanda fassararsa ta shiga masanin dan wasan herman dils. A cikin aiki "a kan yanayi", Heraclit ya aza tushe na ka'idar kwayar halitta. Taimakawa ga kimiyyar Heraclita ta zama maraice, a cewar wasu marubutan. Masanin kimiyya ya gabatar da manufar zarra a matsayin ƙaramin tsari na tsari, yana ba da izinin cardoxes na Eleatov, Falsafar ta bunkasa manufar bambance.
A cewar ra'ayoyinsa, har ma da ran mutum ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta, wanda, bayan mutuwa ta jiki, ana canzawa zuwa wani al'amari - da ake kira da ka'idar atomism. Tsarin dawakai mutum yayi daidai da tsarin duniya: an gina jikin daga zarra kamar yadda duniya take da ciki, da kuma babban jikin mutum shine ciki. Dokokin yanayin duniyar jiki da ran mutum, buɗe ta herclic, wanda aka kafa tushen makarantar Miletsky, waɗanda wakilan Pythagas, fes.
Rayuwar sirri
Matsalar Heraclitis a cikin dangantaka da jama'a, ta ƙunshi raini ga mutane, sanya hoton da rayuwar falsafa. Heraclit bashi da mata da yara, tunda rayuwa ta kwana a cikin haikalin har abada matasa na har abada da marasa laifi da rashin gaskiya game da inginarrun artemis. Pupilsalibai, kamar yadda irin wannan, Herclte, matsalolin sanin duniya, wanda ya yi farin ciki a cikin mutuwar masanin da ya yi.Mutuwar Herclita
Masu binciken Meracle da masu bincike sun fusata ba rayuwa ba ta da yawa rayuwa, layin duniya da kuma goggles na Heraclita, nawa ne cikakkun bayanai game da mutuwar masanin lamiri. Dangane da shaidar almara, Heraclit ya mutu, yana motsa jiki da taki, wasu labarun sun ce jikinsa ya fasa karnukan.
Babban tushen bayani shine bayanan alamar Airaliya, wacce ta bayyana cewa yawan adadin mai da yawa ya tara saboda cututtukan da kodan da zuciya).
Littafi daya
- Nacarophilosophical na atomism
- Farkon nau'i na yaruka
- "Kiɗa"
- "Game da yanayi. Kashi na 1. A sararin samaniya "
- "Game da yanayi. Kashi na 2. Game da jihar "
- "Game da yanayi. Part 3. A kan alloli "
- "Dokar ba doka ce mai kyau don rayuwa"