Tari
Jean-Battist Polente - commensized XVII karni na Faransa, mahaliccin wani ban dariya mai ban sha'awa wanda ya sami shahararrun a karkashin gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya sami shahara a karkashin gidan wasan kwaikwayon. An haifi Jean-Battist Fovete a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1622, a babban birnin Faransa - Paris.
Shugaban iyali, Jean Pleente, da kuma Santa 'yan wasan Santa' yan kallo ne. Kuna hukunta da gaskiyar cewa mahaifin marubucin ya sayi kansa matsayin sarauta da sarkin camneinininer, ba shi da matsaloli da kuɗi. Uwa, Marie Crress ta mutu daga cutar tarin fuka.
Jean Polente ya gani a cikin farkon nasarar ofishin kotun nasa har ma ya cimma sarki ya tsare matsayinsa a hukumance. Tunda wannan shari'ar ba ta buƙatar ilimi na musamman, Jean-batist na shekaru goma sha huɗu da aka koyi karatu da rubutu. Ko ta yaya, kangarewa ya dage cewa aka bai wa jakar malamin malamin Jeit.
A wancan lokacin ita ce mafi kyawun cibiyar ilimi a Paris, a cikin wani tsoffin harsunan da aka koya, kimiyyar halitta, falsafa, da kuma wallafe-wallafen Latin. Waɗannan ilimin marubucin wasan ban dariya na gaba "Misanthrop" ya isa ya karanta a cikin ainihin tasirin da aka samu a cikin yanayin waƙar Lucretia "a kan yanayin abubuwa".
Ya sami difloma na malami wanda ke da hakkin lacca. Daga tarihin marubucin, an san shi cewa a rayuwarsa kuma ya halarci kwarewar magana a kotu a matsayin lauya. A sakamakon haka, ba lauya ko de-tushen wani mai jijama ko mai ba da labari ya zama.
Rashin hakkin kai ga matsayin madawwamin matsayi da kuma daukar nasa rabonsa daga gareshi daga gareshi, ya ci gaba da sha'awar zama mai aikin yaudara kuma ya fara jagorantar tafaka munafuki. Kawai a wannan lokacin, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya wuce daga shimfidar titi a kan al'amuran soji, ya juya baya ga sauƙin nishaɗi a cikin goyon bayan manyan wallafe-wallafen.
Litattafai
Tare tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, Jean -aftisete ya kirkiro gidan wasan kwaikwayonsa, wanda, ba zai yi nasara ba, da ake kira da "mai haske", ya ɗauka cewa ya fara gwada kansa cikin matsalolin da ke fama da bala'i. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa "Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na" ya kasance na dogon lokaci, ba tare da shirya kishiya da tunanar Parosian ba. Mafi yawan masu goyon baya tare da Molieere sun yanke shawarar gwada farin ciki a lardin.
A yayin tafiya da shekaru talatin da shekara talatin a duk Faransa (1646-1658), Molieere ya yi ritaya daga traidic da kuma na lardin lardin. Bugu da kari, da bukatar sabunta maimaitawa ya tilasta Moliere ya tilasta wa alkalami don aiwatar da wasan. Don haka, Jean -aftise, wanda ya yi niyyar yin taka-rawar da ke yi, ya shiga cikin comediograph.
Farkon wasan farko na Moliee ya zama mai ban dariya "funny zhemmifits", an saita shi a Paris a cikin Nuwamba 1659. Nasara ta kasance mai ban mamaki da marmari. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da ban dariya "Makarantar miji" (shekaru 1661) - game da yadda ake ilimantar da matasa 'yan mata, da kuma aikin "matan matan" (1662). Wadanda suka shafi come comeies "TARTHUF, ko yaudara" (1664), "Don Juan, ko wani bako na dutse" (1665) da kuma rashin fahimta (1666) da kuma rashin fahimta (1666) kuma ana la'akari da kololukan kirkirar Moliere.
A cikin hoton manyan haruffa na aikin, hanyoyi uku na duniya ana kiransa: Svyatosh Tartku, Svyatosh Tartku, wanda ya yi imanin cewa wani uzuri ne a cikin al'umman da ke da kyau, bebe na Zhuhan, wanda ya kalubalanci sammai da mutuwa A karkashin sarkar baƙon hannu hannun, da kuma selest, ba ya gane matattararsa da kasawarsa.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan codies guda uku ne waɗanda suka ba marubucin marubucin marubucin na marubucin, ya kawo shi matsala a rayuwa. "Tartuf" Bayan an haramta samarwa na farko saboda gaskiyar cewa muminai sun ga hare-hare a kan cocin Tartku.
An san cewa Archbishop na Paris har ma ya yi barazanar flue daga cocin don wani yunƙuri kabad-marubuci kuma an ba su alfarma da ke da marubutan. Koda sarki zai iya tsoma baki a cikin wannan al'amari, fi so don ci gaba da Murcin da asirce. A cikin ban dariya bai bayyana akan hotunan ba shekaru biyar har sai da cibiyoyin gwamnati sun kasance kadan mai laushi.
"Misanthropta" masu sauraro bai karba ba. A cikin Alsasta, masu sauraro sun ga kwatankwacin yanayin ruhin marubucin kansa, wanda ya gyara babban gwarzo. Filaye don wannan su ne. Moliere a wancan lokacin ya zo da baki ƙungiya a rayuwa. Ba tare da rayayye da shekara, ɗansa ya mutu ba, kuma da Arderanda, wanda ya shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayon da nasarorin na farko, rikice-rikice sun fara.
"Don Juan" Jean-Baturist ya rubuta bayan Ban "Tarfuf" don ciyar da Troupe, amma wani labari mara dadi ya same shi. Bayan duban goma sha biyar, duk da nasarar mayaƙa a cikin jama'a, wasan da ba zato ba tsammani ya ɓace daga matakin.
Bayan Tarf, Moliere ta haifar da haɓaka daga cikin umarnin Jesuits kuma, mai yiwuwa, nan ko dai ba su da tsada ba tare da shigarwar sa ba. Sarki ya ceci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moliere, ya kai shi a cikin darajan "yana ba da suna" 'yan sarkin sarkin ", kuma ya fara biyan albashi daga baitul.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙirƙirar kirkirar Molierare (da ake kira da "ƙwararrun" ƙa'idodi da ɗabi'a, wanda Goethe ya kira wannan lokacin tare da take hakkin ɗabi'a.
Jimlar Molieere hagu 29, an rubuta wasu daga cikinsu a bikin bukukuwan kotu - gimbiya Elida (1664), "Mr. de Fingoniak" (1679).
Wasu halittun suna cikin al'adar Comealies na gida, kamar "Georges Danden, ko kuma mijihan mata", "Skupoy", "Masana'antu mata." Sabon ayyuka na Molierere - "Manclon a cikin Nobility" (1670) da kuma "Mnimy haƙuri" (1673) an rubuta su azaman ballets masu ban dariya.
Rayuwar sirri
Farkon matar Molieere ta zama 'yar'uwar tsohuwar tsohuwar wa'azin Verchar - Armand, wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙarami. Miyayen mugayen harsuna sun yi jayayya cewa Armanda ba 'yar'uwa bane, amma' yar Madorleine ce, kuma ta la'anci "lalata" Jean-Batista, wanda ya ɗauki matar ɗansa.
A cewar Memo na zamani, kamar yadda ake faruwa sau da yawa ya faru da marubutan na kwayar ban dariya, Moliere ya karkata zuwa Melancholy, a sauƙaƙe ya kima da yawa. An san cewa auren marubucin aikin Mothaniyanci a cikin ɗabi'a ya riga ya shiga tsoho, kuma mashahuri ya yi ƙarami, kyakkyawa da kuma Flirty.
Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, wannan labarin mai sauƙin farin ciki ya kasance yana ƙaruwa da tsegumi da kuma fitowar alamu. Komai ya kawo ƙarshen sarki. Louis XIV, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance cikin ƙauna tare da Louisiselle Louise de Lavier, da kuma hazo da karimci da fadi a idanunta.
Autocrat ya ɗauki ƙarƙashin kariya ta wasan Volnodumman kuma, Bugu da kari, wanda ya yarda ya zama Allah na farko Molie da Armanda, wanda ya fi magana fiye da kowane hukunci akan mahaliccin Mahalicci. An san cewa ɗan marubucin ya mutu shekara guda bayan haihuwa.
Mutuwa
Babban darussan wasan kwaikwayon na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Moliefer fi so su cika kansa, ba ya dogara da su da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba. A ranar ƙarshe ta ƙarshe, 17 ga Fabrairu, 1673, Jean-mai-kattanin ya tafi matakin gaba domin buga wasa na hudu a cikin "hasashen mai haƙuri" wasa. Dama yayin wasan, wasan kwaikwayon ya zama mara kyau. Dan wasan ya koma tari na marubucin, inda ya mutu a cikin 'yan awanni.
An san cewa Akbishop na Paris da farko ba da gudummawa Koron Molieere da farko, tunda mai zane ya kasance babban zunubi kuma dole ne ya tuba kafin mutuwa. Gyara halin da Sarki Louis XIV.
Bikin bagal da aka kama da aka faru da dare. Kabilar ta kasance ga shinge na hurumi na Ikilisiyar St. Yusufu, inda al'adun mutane da ba a warware su ba. Daga baya, ragowar Jean-Batista Molieere an mai daukin shi tare da babban parue da pomp. An kiyaye gado na kafa na wanda ya kirkiro da kirkirar da ya kirkira a cikin littattafan da ke ɗauke da haɗuwa da mafi kyawun ayyukanta.
A shekara ta 2007, Daraktan Laurent Tiir ya cire fim din "Moliere", dangane da labarin da labarin rayuwar Jean-Batista sansanin. Bugu da kari, a wasu lokuta, irin wadannan ayyukan marubuci, a matsayin "MISer", "Mata" ko kuma yaudarar "," Mata Mata "da" Sanarwar Sturi "
A watan Satumbar 2017, farkon wasan "mafarki na Mr. de Molieere" an gudanar da shi a LEK Bulgakov ", wanda ya dawo cikin Yuli. An san cewa Jean-Batista Play actor Igor MirkBinov.
Littafi daya
- 1636 - "LED"
- 1660 - "Saguarel, ko Kwalaye na gargajiya"
- 1662 - "Makaranta mata"
- 1664 - "Tarfin, ko yaudarar"
- 1665 - "Don Juan, ko dutse siter"
- 1666 - "Misanthrop"
- 1666 - "George Denden, ko kuma miji mai wanzuwa"
- 1669 - "Mr. de Fingonik"
- 1670 - "Mafi yawan daga cikin girman"
- 1671 - "Kwatanni na Skpane"
- 1673 - "Mnimy mai haƙuri"